US52801A - Improved brick-machine - Google Patents

Description

UiaTTan STATES PATENT @TTrcat THOMAS MATTHEW GISBORNE, OF LYMINGTON, ENGLAND.

IIVIPROVED BRICK-MACHINE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,801, dated February 20, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, THoMAs MATTHEW GIsBORNE, of Lymington, in the county of Southampton, in the kingdom of Great Britain, have invented Improvements in Kilns for 'I Burning Bricks, Tiles, and ether Earthen- Ware or Ceramic Articles, Limestones, and

Orcs; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description ofthe said invention.

My invention consists in so combining a number of kilns, working on the principle of the f Newcastle kiln,77 (in which the combustion ofthe fuel takes place at the one end while the chimney communicates at or near the iioor with the other end,) that the back or chimney end ot' one kiln can communicate at pleasure with the front or combustion end of another kiln, or witha separate chimney or ilue, so that thekilns may either be used separately, or they may be employed for continuous burning by causing the hot products otl combustionfrom the kiln that is being tired to pass among and heat the contents of one or more kilns that are going to be tired, and by causing the air for supporting the combustion in the kiln that is being tired to pass through and take up heat from the contents of one or more kilns that have been fired.

The arrangement which I prefer to employ is as follows: I arrange any number ot' kilns,

constructed, by preference, to taper from the front or combustion end to the back or chimney end, side by side and alternately in reversed positions, so that the chimney end of one kiln is contiguous to and communicates with the combustion end ot' the next kiln in advance. The aperture through which this communication takes place is provided with a lsuitable damper, which, when the kilns are the arrangements of my improved kilns which I prefer to employ.

Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet I, show, rei spectively, a sectional plan, a part sectional elevation, and a transverse section of a single row ot' kilns working on the continuous principle by means of a returniiue 5 and Figs. 4 and 5, on Sheet II, show, respectively, a sectional plan and transverse section of an arrangement Where the continuous action is 0btained by means of two rows of kilns placed opposite each other, of which the opposite end l kilns intercommunicate by means of fines.

The same letters of reference indicate similar parts in each of the figures.

Figure l shows a sectional plan on line XX, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows a part front elevation and part longitudinal section online Y Y, Fig. l; and Fig. 3 shows a transverse section on line Z Z, Fig. l. Figs. 2 and 3 are'dra-wn to twice the scale of Fig. l in order to show the mode of construction more clearly.

Each of the kilns consists of a chamber, A, tapering both in its width and its height from the front or combustion end, B, to the chimney end, C, the roofD of the kiln being thus, by preference, made to form the frustum of a cone resting upon walls E. These are made as thin as practicable, in order to facilitate the transmission of heat through the same from onekiln to another. These kilns are arranged side by side, alternately,in reversed positions, as shown, so that the front or combustion end ofthe one kiln is contiguous to the chimney end of the next, and the chimney end of the kiln A is made to communicate with the combustion end of the kiln A2 by means of a passage F. The chimney end A2 communicates, by means of the passage F2, with the combustion end of the kiln A3, and so on, the chimney end ofthe kiln A12 being made to communicate with the combustion end ofthe kiln A by means of the passage F12 and the underground-liuc G.

H H are tlues formed below the floor-line on either side of the kilns, communicating with the chimney I and with each ot' the kilns, respectively, through apertures J J2 J 3, formed in the iioor at the chimney ends of the lat-ter. These aperturesv are provided with dampers or with Hap-valves K K2 K3, so arrangedand actuated by external weighted levers 7c 102703 that they may be made to closealternately, the

apertures J J2, or the apertures of the beforedescribed passages F' F2 F2, through which the kilns intercommunicate by being turned either down or up.

L'L2L3 are the doorways of the kilns, which, when the kilns are in use, are temporarily bricked up, as indicated.

M' M2 M3 are apertures through which the fuel is introduced into the kilns when burning on the continous system, and which are, by preference, all temporarily bricked up, excepting those in the kiln that is being fired; and

N' N2 N3 are chimneys only required for use when the continuous action of the kiln is interrupted.

When burning on the continuous system, the chimneys N are closed by suitable dampers or caps O' O2 O3.

It will be seen by the foregoing-described arrangement that the action of the kilns is as follows: Assuming that the kiln A2 is being charged with fresh goods, and that the contents of A8 are being fired, then the goods contained in all the kilns between A2 and A8 have been successively red and are required to cool, while all the remaining kilns in the circuit from A8 to A2 have been successively charged with fresh goods, and are required to dry preparatory to firing. For this purpose the apertures J into the flues HH' of all the kilns are closed by means of the dampers K, with the exception of the aperture J' of the kiln A', and in consequence all the passages F, through which the kilns intercom mnn'icate, are open, with the exception of F', which is closed by the damper K'. Thus the doorway L2 of the kiln A2being open, the atmospheric air requisite for supporting the combustion of the fuel in the kiln A8 passes into the kiln A2, and through the passage F2 into the kiln A3, where, in traversing the ware set in the same on its way to the kiln A4, it takes up a portion of the heat therefrom. lniike manner, in traversing the kilns A5 A6 A", the air takes up more and more heat from their contents, and arrives in a highly-heated state in the frontend of the kiln A2, where it consequently effects the combustion of the fuel that is fed in through theopenings M2, a horizontal bag or passage with graduated openings being provided through which the hot gases are caused to pass in a uniform manner into the kiln. In some cases instead of introducing the fuel, as described, into the kiln that is to be fired, it is introduced into the narrow or chimney end of the preceding one-that is, the one that has just been tired. The goods contained in the kiln are tired and baked 'the more eftectually on account of the kiln being made to taper, both in width and height, toward the exit-passage for the gases. The highly-heated gaseous products of combustion pass from thekiln AB into the kiln A9, where they imparta portion of their heat to the goods that are drying preparatory to being burnt, and in like manner the hot gases pass consecutively through and impart heat to the kilns A1OA11A2, and thence through the passage Ginto thekiln A', whence, after traaversin g the contents of the same, they pass through the aperture J' into the underground-due H', and thence into the chimney I.

When the kiln A2 has been charged or set with fresh goods and the firing of the contents of A8 has been completed, the doorway L2 is bricked up in the 'ordinary manner, the damper K2 is removed from the aperture J2, and the passage F2 is closed, the aperture J being also closed by the damper K', thus, also, establishing the communication between the kilns A' and A2. At the same time the contents of the kiln A2, having been cooled down sufficiently by the passage of cold air, as before described, the doorway L3 is opened, the goods are removed, and the kiln is charged with fresh goods. Atmospheric air now passes into this kiln, traverses the kilns A' to A2, and arrives in a highly-heated state in the kiln A9, into which fuel is now introduced, and the contents of which are consequently red. The products of combustion are made to traverse the kilns A10 to A2, whence they pass away to the chimney I. Thus it will be seen that each kiln is successively charged or set, dried, fired, cooled, and discharged in rotation, the heat from the products of combustion from the kiln Vthat is tired being usefully employed indrying fresh goods, while the heat from the tired groods is taken up by the air required for supporting combustion.

Instead of having only one kiln open in the above-described arrangement for discharging and charging the goods, twofor instance A2 and A2-n1aybe open simultaneously, so that at the same time that A2 is being set with fresh goods A2 is being emptied preparatory to being set, which simultaneous operation is greatly' facilitated by the reversed positions ofthe doorways, preventing the men employed in setting from being in the way of those discharging. If from any cause the continuous action of the series of kilns is interrupted, or it is desired to burn each kiln separately in the ordinary manner, then either' the whole of the passages F, through which they intercommunicate, are closed by the dampers K, and thus a direct separate communication with the chimney I is established for each -kiln through the apertures J and flues H H', or, it' these fines and the chimney I cannot be made use of, the caps O O2 02 are removed from the chimneys N' N2 N3 and an iron or other line is placed upon these, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3, so as to cause the requisite draft for the kiln to burn in the ordinary manner; and

Vin orderto cut off the communication with the chimney I, either horizontal dampers (not shown in the drawings) are inserted over the openings J, or vertical dampers 4are placed across the flue HH' at P2 P2, as shown, the fuel for burning in the ordinary Newcastle manner being then introduced at the openings S S, which, when the kilns are continuously burning, may be bricked up.

It will be seen that by means of the just hot gaseous described extra dampers, and by forming additional openings into the i'lues I-I H', as indicated by dotted lilies at T in kiln A12, also provided with dampers, the continuous burnin g of the kilns may proceed uninterruped, while two, or any even number, may be either partially or wholly thrown out of circuit for the purpose either of preparatory drying', drawing, setting, or repairs. This is effected-if, say, A10 and A11 are to be disconnected-by closing the openings J10 and J11, F9, F10, and F11, and inserting the damper at P12, when, the apertures J 9 and T vbein g open, it will be evident that the draft from the kiln A9 will descend into H through J9, and will enter A12 through T. Although twelve kilns are shown in this aran gement, by way of example, it will be evident that any greater or less numbermay be employed; and if an uneven number of kilns be used. in which case the two end kilns will lie in the same direction, then the flue G, through which these kilns intercommunicate, will pass diagonally across from the chimney end'of the one kiln to the combustion end of the other, instead of ruiming parallel with the kilns, as in the arrangement shown. The roofs of the kilns are provided with suitable apertures (not shown) iitted with dampers for letting the steam escape, if requisite. For banding, wooden beams Q Q are fixed against the end walls of the kilns, and are tied together by means of iron tie-rods R It, so as to support the structure, and other transverse ties and plates are added where necessary.

The arrangement shown in Figs. 4 and 5 only differs from that above described in there being two rows of kilns to form the circuit instead of one row and a return-flue. Fig. 4 shows a sectional plan on line XX, Fig. 5, and Fig. 5 shows a transverse section on line Y Y, Fig. 4. The various details are precisely the same, and are indicated by similar letters of reference to those employed in the foregoing arrangement. The two rows are so arranged that the chimney end of the kiln A14 communicates with the combustion end of the kiln A15 through the flue G, and the chimney end of the kiln A28 communicates with the combustion end of the kiln A by means of the iue G. The circuit being thus established, it will be seen that if A5 is charging and A6 is discharging in one row, and A19 is charging and A20discharging in the other row, and assuming that the goods in the kilns Amand A22are being fired, and that the dampers K of the kilns have been closed upon the apertures J, with the exception of K4 and Km, which are made to close the passages F4 and F18, then the air passing in through the kiln A6 t0 support the combustion of fuel in A11 will traverse the contents of all the kilns from A7 to A13 that have been tired, taking up the heat therefrom, while the products of combustion, after passing from A14 across through the line G, will traverse the kilns A15 to A18, whence they pass into the liuc H3 and to the chimney I. In like manner the air required to lsupport the combustion of fuel in A2B will pass into the kiln A20, will traverse all the intermediate kilns,taking up heat from the goods contained therein, while the bot gaseous products of combustion will, after passing from A28 across through the flue G', traverse all the kilns from A to A4, givil'lg offthe greater portion of their heat, and pass thence to the chimney I through the Hue H2.

Fig. 6 shows a transverse section, and Fig. 7 shows a part sectional plan of another arrangement of which my invention is susceptible. In this arrangement a number of kilns, A, made to taper from the combustion end to the chimney end, are placed side by side, but not in reversed positions, so that together they form a circle, as shown. Each kiln is made to communicate, through the apertures J, with the central chimney, I, the communication between the ,chimney end of the one kiln and the combustion end ofthe next being effected by the return-hues F. In burning on the continuous system all apertures J are closed by dampers or valves at K, with the exception of that of the kiln which is required to communicate with the chimney, while all the tlues F are open with the exception of that communicating withthe combustion end of the kiln that is being charged or discharged which is closed by means of a damper at K. If each kiln is burning separately, then all the dampers at K are open and all those at K are closed. Each kiln may, it' necessary, be further provided with a separate chimney, as in the other arrangements.

Having now described the nature of my invention and the best means I am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise form and arrangement of the kilns, as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings, as these maybe variously modiiied without departing from the nature of my invention; neither do I claim, generally, the arrangement of a number of kilns placed side by side, and intercommunicating in such a manner that the air for supporting combustion in the kiln that is being tired first passes through one or more kilns that have been tired, while the products of combustion pass through the kilns that are going to be ired, as I am well aware that this has already been done; but

What I claim isl. Arranging a series of kilns burning on the principle of the Newcastle kiln side by side, in such a manner that the front or combustion end of the one kiln is contiguous to and can communicate with the back or chimney end of the next kiln, while the chimney end of each kiln can, furthermore, communicate either with a chimney common to all or with a separate chimney.

2. Constructing a series of kilns burning on the principle of the Newcastle kiln placed side by side, and made to taper from the combustion end to the chimney end, the chimney end of one kiln being made capable ofeomin unicating either with the combustion end 0f the next kiln or with n. common or separate flue or chimney.

3. Constructing a. series of kilns burning 0n the principle of the Newcastle kiln made to J[aper from the combustion end to the chimney end, and arranged side by side alternately n reversed posit-ions, the chimney end ofthe one kiln being made capable of communicating either with the combustion end of the next; kiln or with a. common or separate `flue or chimney.

In testimony whereof I have signed myname to this specification in the presence of two` subsribing witnesses. v

THOMAS MATTHEW GISBORNE.

Witnesses:

C. D. ABEL, THos. TAYLOR.

Images