US5261A - Alexander ttjrnbtjll - Google Patents
Alexander ttjrnbtjll Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5261A US5261A US5261DA US5261A US 5261 A US5261 A US 5261A US 5261D A US5261D A US 5261DA US 5261 A US5261 A US 5261A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tanning
- hides
- lime
- skin
- hide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 40
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940033123 Tannic Acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N Tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- VXMKYRQZQXVKGB-CWWHNZPOSA-N Tannin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)O[C@H]([C@H]2O)O1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 VXMKYRQZQXVKGB-CWWHNZPOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000008100 Brassica rapa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000000540 Brassica rapa subsp rapa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000001016 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000004301 light adaptation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000004422 Acer negundo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000516 Acer negundo Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-L D-glucarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-L 0.000 description 2
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000363023 Licania michauxii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000135164 Timea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000020127 ayran Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000414 obstructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-acetaminophenol Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
Definitions
- maple tree or other vegetable substance for the purpose of extracting lime from hides or skins.
- the present known method of removing lime from hides or skins after the hair is taken oif is by a preparation called grainer which is mainly composed of the ex- I crement of animals, this being of a strong alkaline nature necessarily destroys a con: siderable portion of the gelatinous matter in the operation of extracting the lime at the same time much injury is done to the texture of the skin by its rapid action in causing decomposition and destroying the grain side of the skin especially in summer. It must be obvious, however, that the moment the skin imbibes lime in any quantity its effects and influence on the hide or skin is to a considerable extent permanent and destructive. I therefore have directed my attention to the best method of extractingthe lime from hides or. skins.
- the best and cheapest chemical solventfor lime is by taking 100 gallons of water and add to it twenty pounds ofsugar or its equivalent from any of'tliesacchariii' matters aforesaid, to this I add a small portion of disi solved animal gelatin made say 10 days previous.
- the skins are soaked in the liquid for the space of from 10 to 15 hours, the whole of the lime is dissolved and swims inflakes on the surface of the liquid whichis a saccharate of lime and is insoluble and easily removed.
- thelhide should then be attached to the hose pipe by means of a clamp or screw so as to exclude the atmospheric air and be immersed about one half of its depth in tanning liquor of a specific gravity equal to from two to eight degrees.
- the same liquor isthen pumped up into the chute shown in the drawings by means of the pump and enters into the bags (A, A,) formed of the hide through the wooden spicket or cocks (C, 0,) and the hose (D, D,) when the liquor comes in contact with the fresh ground bark previously put into the skin its specific gravity is increased to from 10 to 20, degrees in thecourse of a few hours.
- endosmosis and exosmosis then hegins to operate, there being two currents kept up as before described the lighter'fluid passing to the heavy fluid, and the heavy to the lighter, thereby keeping up a double current through the hide or skin until there is a balance restored between the .two liquids or in other words until the specific gravity of each becomes the same while this natural balance is sought for between the 2 liquids the gelatinous tissues or fibers take up the tannin or tannic acid and the hide or skin is thoroughlyconverted into leather.
- the hides are also turned several times during the process of tanning so as to insure a uniform action of the currents throughout their whole substance.
- I may here remark that the liquor in the tanks is seldom changed, its strength be- .ing. sufficiently kept up by the superfluous tanning matter that passes through the hides as soon as the j hide is thoroughly tanned and the law of 'aflinity being sufiiciently satisfied the tanning matter from the strong liquor passes to the weaker liquor thereby keeping up a uniform strength of about 2 to 3 degrees of the hydrometer.
- I may here state that I am now at this present time effecting the tanning ofcalf skins in from 5 to 6 days, and ox hides in from 14 to 20 days and producing goods of a superior quality to any that are tanned by the old methods.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Description
, exact description, a reference being had to:
the annexed drawing, making part of this 1 tlty from each skin while in the solution of ALEXANDER TURNBULL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
TANNING.
Specification of Letters Patent No, 5,261, dated August 28, 184:7
To all who it ay on n Be it known that I, ALEXANDER TUR B LLQ Doctor of Medicine, of Rouel House, Tannery Blue, Anchor Road, Bermondsy, Lon-; don, in the county of Surrey and Kingdom; of Great Britain, have invented a new and Improved Mode or Method of More Speedily and Effectually Tanning Hides and Skinsf and Extracting the Lime from Hides or Skins Before Being Tanned; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and specification. p t
The nature of my invention cons sts of the, adaptation of a newly discovered law. called endosmosis and exosmosis to the tan- I ning of hides and skins and also in the use of sugar orsaccharine matter of any description for the purpose of extracting the lime from hides and skins before being tanned.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will proceed to describe the adaptation and action of the before mentioned laws of endosmosis and exosmosis to the purpose of tanning. Also the operation and use of sugar or anyother saccharine matter whether obtained from the sugar cane, honey beet root, turnips,potatoes, the
maple tree, or other vegetable substance for the purpose of extracting lime from hides or skins.
The present known method of removing lime from hides or skins after the hair is taken oif is by a preparation called grainer which is mainly composed of the ex- I crement of animals, this being of a strong alkaline nature necessarily destroys a con: siderable portion of the gelatinous matter in the operation of extracting the lime at the same time much injury is done to the texture of the skin by its rapid action in causing decomposition and destroying the grain side of the skin especially in summer. It must be obvious, however, that the moment the skin imbibes lime in any quantity its effects and influence on the hide or skin is to a considerable extent permanent and destructive. I therefore have directed my attention to the best method of extractingthe lime from hides or. skins.
The best and cheapest chemical solventfor lime is by taking 100 gallons of water and add to it twenty pounds ofsugar or its equivalent from any of'tliesacchariii' matters aforesaid, to this I add a small portion of disi solved animal gelatin made say 10 days previous. The result Ts that lactic acid is formed which is the best known solvent of lime. The skins are soaked in the liquid for the space of from 10 to 15 hours, the whole of the lime is dissolved and swims inflakes on the surface of the liquid whichis a saccharate of lime and is insoluble and easily removed. I only then require to add at intervals a small portion of sugar and the solution is constantly kept up in good condition for use, the animal gelatin being afterwards supplied by the dissolving of a small quan+ manner before described and being Well Washed and colored I propose to tan them by the application of a newly discovered physical'forcediifering from ordinary capillary attract-ion or hydrostatic pressure v iz.,
a law discovered by Monsr. Dut'rochet, one
of the members of the Institute of France,
which law is fully described in the E 71/62/0201 pealz'a 'of Practicalllledicz'ne and called by him. the law of endosmosis and exosmosis. It may be necessary here to describe this new physical law above named before entering into any description of its applicability to the purposes of tanning which forms. the principal part of my invention.
It is a Well est-ablished'fact that when two, liquids of diiferent densities are separated, by. a membrane or septum two opposite currents are established in contrary directions? the one outward and the other inward the greaterv current passes through the. membrane and accumulates on the side where. the
liquid is of the greatest specific gravity on whichever side of the membrane it maybe placed and the lesser current flows through the membrane to, the opposite liquid and these interchanges continue acting until such timeas the specific gravity of the fluids on each side of the membrane becomes alike unless a chemical change or obstruction takes place to prevent it. rection is called endosmosis and that in the opposite direction exosmosis. been known and recognized for some time but it has never been applied for the pur- The current in one di- This law has pose of tanning by bringing liquids contain ing tannicacid into contact with the gela tinous' matter in the hides or skins so as to cause a thorough chemical union between them, my lnvention or discovery therefore consists in the application of, this physical of raw hide or tanned leather leaving only sufiicient room at the neck of the skin to introduce ground oak bark or any other material containing tannin or tannic acid andto introduce the hose pipe after mentioned shown in the drawing the proportion of bark to the skin or hide to be tanned is about 2 pounds of bark to every pound. weight of wet hide, thelhide should then be attached to the hose pipe by means of a clamp or screw so as to exclude the atmospheric air and be immersed about one half of its depth in tanning liquor of a specific gravity equal to from two to eight degrees. The same liquor isthen pumped up into the chute shown in the drawings by means of the pump and enters into the bags (A, A,) formed of the hide through the wooden spicket or cocks (C, 0,) and the hose (D, D,) when the liquor comes in contact with the fresh ground bark previously put into the skin its specific gravity is increased to from 10 to 20, degrees in thecourse of a few hours. The before mentioned law termed endosmosis and exosmosis then hegins to operate, there being two currents kept up as before described the lighter'fluid passing to the heavy fluid, and the heavy to the lighter, thereby keeping up a double current through the hide or skin until there is a balance restored between the .two liquids or in other words until the specific gravity of each becomes the same while this natural balance is sought for between the 2 liquids the gelatinous tissues or fibers take up the tannin or tannic acid and the hide or skin is thoroughlyconverted into leather. During this process -thebags formed of the hide orskins become partially empty by exudation but are filled again by '1 the pump (E, E,) the hides are also turned several times during the process of tanning so as to insure a uniform action of the currents throughout their whole substance. I may here remark that the liquor in the tanks is seldom changed, its strength be- .ing. sufficiently kept up by the superfluous tanning matter that passes through the hides as soon as the j hide is thoroughly tanned and the law of 'aflinity being sufiiciently satisfied the tanning matter from the strong liquor passes to the weaker liquor thereby keeping up a uniform strength of about 2 to 3 degrees of the hydrometer.
' The advantages to be derived from the improvements in tanning leather are the 1 saving of time and producing a much better article than can be possibly obtained by the old method.
I may here state that I am now at this present time effecting the tanning ofcalf skins in from 5 to 6 days, and ox hides in from 14 to 20 days and producing goods of a superior quality to any that are tanned by the old methods.
are impregnated in removing the hair by the use of sugar or any other saccharine matter whether obtained from the sugar cane, honey, beet root turnips, potatoes, the inapletree, or other vegetable substances, all of which is fully set forth and described in the specification.
2. I claim the discoveryof the application of the law of endosmosis and exosmosis to thepurposes of tanning with the materials andin the manner before described in the specification, and shown in the drawingor h in any way wherein the hide or skin can be placed between the. fluids containing tannin or tannic acid of different specific gravity. 7 p
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Turnbull have hereunto set my hand and seal this'nineteenth day of July 1847.
A. TURNBULL. [L. s.] Witnesses:
PAUL R. I-Iooon, JOHN R. RIGLEY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5261A true US5261A (en) | 1847-08-28 |
Family
ID=2065562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US5261D Expired - Lifetime US5261A (en) | Alexander ttjrnbtjll |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5261A (en) |
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0
- US US5261D patent/US5261A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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