US525471A - August schaag - Google Patents
August schaag Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US525471A US525471A US525471DA US525471A US 525471 A US525471 A US 525471A US 525471D A US525471D A US 525471DA US 525471 A US525471 A US 525471A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- nickel
- cobalt
- august
- schaag
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FQMNUIZEFUVPNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Co] FQMNUIZEFUVPNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000272190 Falco peregrinus Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 grape Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- FWZLYKYJQSQEPN-SKLAJPBESA-N peregrine Chemical compound OC1[C@H]2[C@@H]3C4([C@@H]5C6OC(C)=O)C(OC)CC[C@@]5(C)CN(CC)[C@H]4C6[C@@]2(OC)C[C@H](OC)[C@H]1C3 FWZLYKYJQSQEPN-SKLAJPBESA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWZLYKYJQSQEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N peregrine Natural products OC1C2C3C4(C5C6OC(C)=O)C(OC)CCC5(C)CN(CC)C4C6C2(OC)CC(OC)C1C3 FWZLYKYJQSQEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/026—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. adhesion layers or pre-applied alloying elements or corrosion protection
Definitions
- My invention consists of an efficient and cheap process or method for producing an even and bright tinned surface on iron castings by dipping the same into molten tin after previous electrolytical treatment of their surfaces.
- My process consists essentially in coating iron castings electrolytically with an alloy of iron and nickel or an alloy of iron and cobalt, and then to coat this surface with tin; such tin coating adhering exceedingly well.
- the alloy consisting of iron and nickel, or of iron and cobalt has the characteristic that iron and nickel or iron and cobalt are deposited by way of electricity on the object to be tinned, these metals coming from the neutral solution.
- the alloy of iron and nickel, or of iron and cobalt will vary as the proportions vary in which the mixture contains salts of iron with salts of cobalt.
- alkali, carbonate or caustic alkali such as potash, soda or ammonia
- the efficacy of the solution may be increased by adding about one-half kilogram bisulphite of potash, soda or ammonia.
- the casting, well cleaned, is suspended in this solution as the cathode, and opposite to the same, as anode, is suspended a sheet of nickel-iron or cobalt-iron of a size suitable for the cathode.
- An electric current is then turned on. The strength of this current should be aboutfifty amperes by seven volt'tension upon one square meter of surface of casting.
- a firmly adhering whitish gray coating of nickel-iron or cobalt-iron is soon formed upon the casting and of a very close and steel'like hardness.
- the coating consists of about ninety-five per cent. of iron and about three per cent. of cobalt, or about ninety-four per cent. of iron and about four per cent. of nickel.
- Such nickel-iron or cobaltiron coating is much more even than a mere galvanically produced coat of pure iron.
- the casting having been evenly coated. by electrolysis as described, is first dipped into a flux consisting of chloride of zinc, and then into a bath of molten tin, which is covered with a layer of chloride of zinc or grease for preventing oxidation.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
AUGUST SOHAAG, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.
METHOD OF TINNING IRON CASTINGS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 525,471, dated September 4, 1894.
Application filed October 17, 1893. $eria1 No. 488,402. (N0 specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be itknown that I, AUGUST SCHAAG, of 28 Anklamerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Etnpire, have invented a new and useful Method of Tinning Iron Castings, of which the following is a specification.
My invention consists of an efficient and cheap process or method for producing an even and bright tinned surface on iron castings by dipping the same into molten tin after previous electrolytical treatment of their surfaces.
Heretofore the tinniug of iron castings has been difiicult and costly, as the surface had first to be softened or decarbonized. For this purpose the iron casting had to be exposed to great heat for a length of time while inclosed in an airtight vessel together with powdered oxygen-containing substances such for instance as red iron ore, magnetic iron ore or manganese ore. A partial superficial decarbonization of the cast iron rods was thus obtained which could then be tolerably well tinned, but never without faults. This process is however coupled with such great difficulties, especially in the case of large castings, that the tinning comes much too dear, and is at the same time unsatisfactory.
By a recently published process comprising a coating of pure iron by galvanism, the above defect was sought to be remedied, but various other defects are inherent in this new process, and these are intended to be 'obviated by mypresent improved process.
My process consists essentially in coating iron castings electrolytically with an alloy of iron and nickel or an alloy of iron and cobalt, and then to coat this surface with tin; such tin coating adhering exceedingly well.
The alloy consisting of iron and nickel, or of iron and cobalt has the characteristic that iron and nickel or iron and cobalt are deposited by way of electricity on the object to be tinned, these metals coming from the neutral solution. The alloy of iron and nickel, or of iron and cobalt, will vary as the proportions vary in which the mixture contains salts of iron with salts of cobalt.
I make a solution for the production of these alloys in the following manner: I take a mixture in or about the following proportions, viz.: one kilogram of sulphate, nitrate or hydrochlorate of nickel salt, three kilograms sulphate of protoxide of iron, and one kilogram of citric acid or grape acid or a mixture in or about the following proportions, viz., one-half kilogram sulphate, nitrate or hydrochlorate of cobalt salt, three kilograms sulphate of protoxide of iron, and one kilogram of citric or grape acid: which mixture is dissolved in about one hundred liters of water. I then add to this solution alkali, carbonate or caustic alkali, such as potash, soda or ammonia, until it is quite neutralized. The efficacy of the solution may be increased by adding about one-half kilogram bisulphite of potash, soda or ammonia. The casting, well cleaned, is suspended in this solution as the cathode, and opposite to the same, as anode, is suspended a sheet of nickel-iron or cobalt-iron of a size suitable for the cathode. An electric current is then turned on. The strength of this current should be aboutfifty amperes by seven volt'tension upon one square meter of surface of casting. In consequence of the electrochemical decomposition, a firmly adhering whitish gray coating of nickel-iron or cobalt-iron is soon formed upon the casting and of a very close and steel'like hardness.
Chemical analyses prove that the coating consists of about ninety-five per cent. of iron and about three per cent. of cobalt, or about ninety-four per cent. of iron and about four per cent. of nickel. Such nickel-iron or cobaltiron coating is much more even than a mere galvanically produced coat of pure iron. By
means of the aforesaid solution containing salts of iron and of nickel or cobalt, I am enabled to coat evenly casting surfaces worked in rather strong relief, while without the addition of nickel or cobalt the raised parts only would be coated with deposit of pure iron but not the depressed parts; these latter would therefore in the clipping in molten tin not be coated with tin, thus rendering the work worthless.
The casting having been evenly coated. by electrolysis as described, is first dipped into a flux consisting of chloride of zinc, and then into a bath of molten tin, which is covered with a layer of chloride of zinc or grease for preventing oxidation.
In order to keep the solution constant it is ICO necessary from time to time to replenish or strengthen it by the addition of sulphate of iron, salt of nickel or cobalt, and acid such as grape, citric, oxalic, acetic, formic or sulphuric.
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-
1. The herein described process of tinning iron castings which consists in coatingthe same electrolytically with an alloy of iron and nickel or cobalt, and then dipping it ina bath of molten tin, substantially as set forth.
2. The herein described process of tinning iron castings, which consists in coating the same electrolytically in a neutralized acid solution with an alloy of iron having the character described, that is to say, capableof being deposited electrically from a neutral solution, and then dipping the coated casting into a bath of molten tin, substantially as set forth.
3. The herein described process of tinning iron castings, which consistsin coating the same electrolytically with nickel or cobalt and iron by placing them in a watery solulution of a suitable nickel or cobalt salt, sulphate of iron, citric acid and a suitable neutralizing agent and passing a current through them and finally dipping the coated casting in a bath of molten tin, substantially as set forth.
4. The herein described process of tinuing iron castings, which consists in coating the same electrolytically with nickel or cobalt and iron by placing them in awatery solution of a suitable nickel or cobalt salt, sulphate of iron, citric acid, a suitable neutralizing agent, and bisulphite of potash, soda or ammonia, and passinga current of electricity through them, and finally dipping the coated casting in a bath of molten tin, substantially as set forth.
AUGUST SCHAAG.
Witnesses:
PEREGRINE VERNALS, J OHANN BAPTIST ASTOR.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US525471A true US525471A (en) | 1894-09-04 |
Family
ID=2594263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US525471D Expired - Lifetime US525471A (en) | August schaag |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US525471A (en) |
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- US US525471D patent/US525471A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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