US5254537A - Composition and treatment with peptide combinations - Google Patents
Composition and treatment with peptide combinations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5254537A US5254537A US07/711,183 US71118391A US5254537A US 5254537 A US5254537 A US 5254537A US 71118391 A US71118391 A US 71118391A US 5254537 A US5254537 A US 5254537A
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- peptide
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- magainin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
Definitions
- This invention relates to biologically active peptides, and more particularly to compositions and uses involving combinations of biologically active peptides.
- a composition which includes (a) a magainin peptide or analogue or derivative thereof; and (b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of (i) a PGLa peptide or analogue or derivative thereof and (ii) an XPF peptide or analogue or derivative thereof.
- the magainin peptide or analogue or derivative thereof, as well as the PGLa peptide or analogue or derivative thereof and the XPF peptide or analogue or derivative thereof may be amide terminated or carboxy-terminated.
- a process which comprises administering to a host both (a) a magainin peptide or analogue or derivative thereof and (b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of (i) an XPF peptide or analogue or derivative thereof and (ii) a PGLa peptide or analogue or derivative thereof.
- components (a) and (b) may be administered in separate compositions.
- components (a) and (b) may be administered in a single composition.
- components (a) and (b) may be administered in amounts effective to inhibit growth of a target.
- the target for example, may be bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virally infected cells, malignant cells, or sperm cells as compared to normal host cells.
- the synergism may be due to association of the peptides to a novel multimeric complex, such as a dimer, which possesses markedly increased membrane affinity for the target cells.
- the complex formed between the two peptides is believed to possess potent membrane disruptive properties. It is believed that the peptides have the capacity to organize within target cell membranes and to disturb cellular functions.
- the magainin peptide or analogue or derivative thereof is employed in a dosage of from about lmg to about 100 mg per kilogram of host weight, when administered systemically.
- the magainin peptide is used in a concentration of from about 0.5% to about 0.50%.
- the PGLa peptide or analogue or derivative thereof when administered systemically, is administered in a dosage of from about 1 mg to about 100 mg per kilogram of host weight. When administered topically, the PGLa peptide is administered in a concentration of from about 0.5% to about 0.50%.
- the XPF peptide or analogue or derivative thereof when administered systemically, is administered in a dosage of from about 1 mg to about 100 mg per kilogram of host weight. When administered topically, the XPF peptide or analogue or derivative thereof is administered in a concentration of from about 0.05% to about 0.50%.
- this combination of peptides in accordance with the present invention is effective as an antibiotic, and may be employed to inhibit, prevent or destroy the growth or proliferation of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, or the like.
- such compositions may be employed as an anti-viral composition to inhibit, prevent or destroy the growth or proliferation of viruses or virally-infected cells.
- compositions may also be employed as a spermicide to inhibit, prevent or destroy the motility of sperm.
- compositions may also be employed as anti-tumor agents to inhibit the growth of or destroy tumors.
- compositions have a broad range of potent antibiotic activity against a plurality of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa and the like. Such compositions may be employed for treating or controlling microbial infection caused by organisms which are sensitive to such composition.
- the treatment may comprise administering to a host organism or tissues acceptable to or affiliated with a microbial infection an anti-microbial amount of magainin peptide or analog or derivative thereof and of PGLa peptide or XPF peptide.
- compositions may also be used as preservatives or sterilants for materials susceptible to microbial contamination.
- the magainin peptide may be, for example, a magainin such as magainin I, II or III or an analogue or derivative thereof.
- the magainin peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X 12
- R 11 is a hydrophobic amino acid
- R 12 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid
- R 13 is a hydrophobic, neutral hydrophilic or basic hydrophilic amino acid
- R 14 and R 14a are hydrophobic or or a hydrophobic or basic hydrophilic amino acid
- n is 0 or 1.
- R 13 is a hydrophobic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid
- R 14a is a hydrophobic amino acid
- R 15 is glutamic acid or aspartic acid.
- the hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Val, Trp, and Tyr.
- the neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gln, Ser, and Thr.
- the basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lys, Arg, and His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2,-4-diaminobutyric acid, and p-aminophenylalamine.
- the magainin peptides generally include preferably at least seventeen amino acids and may also include up to forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure of a magainin peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end, or at both ends.
- a magainin peptide may include the following structure:
- R 11 , R 12 , R 14 and R 14a are as previously defined.
- a magainin peptide may also have the following structure
- R 16 where R 16 is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or asparagine or glutamine.
- R 17 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, a hydrophobic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- R 17 is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
- a magainin peptide may also have the following structure:
- X 12 , Y 12 and Z 12 are as previously defined and a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
- the magainin peptides may also include the following basic peptide structure X 13 :
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , and R 14a are amino acids as hereinabove described.
- the magainin peptide may also include the following structure X 13 --Z 13 ; wherein X 13 is the hereinabove described basic peptide structure and Z 13 is
- R 11 , R 14 , R 14a , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are as hereinabove described, and n is 0 or 1, and each n may be the same or different.
- the magainin peptides generally include at least fourteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids.
- a magainin peptide preferably has 22 or 23 amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structures of a magainin peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end, or at both ends.
- magainin peptides having the following primary sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing as well as appropriate analogues and deriatives thereof:
- Magainin peptides are described in Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. Vol 84 pp. 5449-53 (Aug. 87).
- magainin peptides refers to the basic magainin structure as well as derivatives and analogs thereof, including but not limited to the representative derivatives or analogs.
- the peptide employed in conjunction with the magainin peptide is a PGLa peptide or an XPF peptide.
- a PGLa peptide is either PGLa or an analogue or derivative thereof.
- the PGLa peptides preferably include the following basic structure X 14 : ##STR1## where R 11 , R 12 , R 14 , and R 17 are as previously defined.
- the PGLa peptides generally include at least seventeen amino acids and may include as many as forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide sturcture for a PGLa peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl end.
- a PGLa peptide may have the following sturcture:
- R 11 and R 14 are as previously defined.
- a PGLa peptide may also have the following structure:
- a PGLa peptide may also have the following structure:
- X 14 ; Y 14 and Z 14 are as previously defined, a is 0 or and b is 0 or 1.
- An XPF peptide is either XPF or an analogue or derivative thereof.
- the XPF like peptides preferably include the following basis peptide structure X 16 : ##STR2## wherein R 11 , R 12 ,R 14 ,R 15 and R 17 are as previously defined and R 18 is glutamine or asparagine, or a basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is 0 or 1.
- the XPF peptides generally include at least nineteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure of XPF may include additional amino acids at the amino end, or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl ends.
- an XPF peptide may include the following structure:
- R 11 and R 14 are as previously defined.
- An XPF peptide may include the following structure:
- An XPF peptide may also have the following structure:
- X 16 , Y 16 and Z 16 are as previously defined: a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.
- XPF or PGLa peptides which are characterized by the following primary amino acid sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing:
- MGN2 Magainin 2
- PGLa peptide a mixture of MGN2 and PGLa in a 1:1 molar ratio was added to the broth in increasing concentration.
- MIC minimal inhibitory concentration
- the concentration of S. aureus killed by 100 ⁇ g/ml of preparations of Magainin 2, PGLa, and a preparation of Magainin 2 and PGLa in a 1:1 molar ratio is noted. It was found that a 100 ⁇ g/ml preparation of Magainin 2 does not completely kill S. aureus at concentrations of bacteria at less than 10 bacterial/ml. Similar results were also obtained for PGLa.
- the 100 ⁇ g/ml preparation of the equimolar miture of Magainin 2 and PGLa achieved complete killing of a concentration of 10 5 bacteria/ml.
- the equimolar mixture of Magainin 2 and PGLa achieved an increase in bactericidal potency over either peptide by greater than 10 5 .
- peptide combinations in accordance with the present invention, may be employed for treating a wide variety of hosts.
- a host may be an animal, and such animal may be a human or non-human animal.
- the magainin peptide and the PGLa and/or XPF peptide may be employed together in a single composition, or in separate compositions.
- the magainin peptide and PGLa and/or XPF peptide may be employed in a wide variety of pharmaceutical compositions in combination with a non-toxic pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such as a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution.
- a non-toxic pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such as a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution.
- Such pharmaceutical compositions may be used topically or systemically and may be in any suitable form such as a liquid, solid, semi-solid, injectable solution, tablet, ointment, lotion, paste, capsule, or the like. It is also contemplated that the magainin peptide and the PGLa and/or XPF peptide may be delivered or administered in different forms.
- the magainin peptide and PGLa and/or XPF peptide may also be used in combination with adjuvants, protease inhibitors, or compatible drugs where such a combination is seen to be desirable or advantageous in controlling infection caused by harmful microorganisms including protozoa, viruses, and the like.
- the peptide(s) of the present invention may be administered to a host; in particular an animal, in an effective antibiotic and/or anti-tumor and/or anti-viral and/or anti-microbial and/or a spermicidal amount.
Abstract
Description
--R.sub.11 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.12 --R.sub.13 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.14 --R.sub.12 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.14 --R.sub.12 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.14a --(R.sub.15).sub.n --R.sub.14a --R.sub.14 --
--Y.sub.12 --X.sub.12 --
--X.sub.12 --Z.sub.12 --
(Y.sub.12) a--X.sub. 12 (Z.sup.12).sub.b
--R.sub.14 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.14a --R.sub.12 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.12 --R.sub.13 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.14 --R.sub.12 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.11 --R.sub.12 --,
(R.sub.11).sub.n --(R.sub.11).sub.n --(R.sub.11).sub.n --(R.sub.14a).sub.n --(R.sub.15).sub.n --(R.sub.14a) .sub.n --(r.sub.14).sub.n --R.sub.16).sub.n --(R.sub.17) .sub.n
--Y.sub.14 --X.sub.14 --
--X.sub.14 --Z.sub.14 --
(Y.sub.14).sub.a --X.sub.14 --(Z.sub.14 (.sub.b
--Y.sub.16 --X.sub.16 --
--X.sub.16 --Z.sub.16 --
(Y.sub.16).sub.a --X.sub.16 ) (Z.sub.16).sub.b
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION OF PGLa AND MAGAININ 2 MINIMAL INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (μg/ml) PGLa/MGN2 ORGANISM MGN2 PGLa (1:1 molar ratio) ______________________________________ S. aureus >500 >500 10 P. aeruginosa 250 250 10 C. albicans 250 240 10 Micrococcus 125 125 10 Diphtheroids 125 125 10 E. coli 50 50 10 ______________________________________
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Mole PGLa/ Mole MGN2 MIC vs. S. aureus (μg/ml) ______________________________________ 10/0 >500 10/1 25 7.5/2.5 15 5/5 8 2.5/7.5 15 1/10 25 0/10 >500 ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 8 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: Magainin I peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Zasloff, Michael (C) JOURNAL: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (D) VOLUME: 84 (F) PAGES: 5449-5453 (G) DATE: AUG - 1987 (H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777 (I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987 (J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR- 1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1: GlyIleGlyLy sPheLeuHisSerAlaGly 510 LysPheGlyLysAlaPheValGlyGluIle 1520 MetLysSer (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: Magainin II peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Zasloff, Michael (C) JOURNAL: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (D) VOLUME: 84 (F) PAGES: 5449-5453 (G) DATE: AUG - 1987 (H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777 (I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987 (J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR- 1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2: GlyIleGlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLys 510 LysPheGlyLysAlaPheValGlyGluIle 1520 MetAsnSer ( 2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: Magainin III peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Zasloff, Michael (C) JOURNAL: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (D) VOLUME: 84 (F) PAGES: 5449-5453 (G) DATE: AUG - 1987 (H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777 (I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987 (J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR- 1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: GlyIleGlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLys 510 LysPheGlyLys AlaPheValGlyGluIle 1520 MetAsn (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: magainin peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Zasloff, Michael (C) JOURNAL: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (D) VOLUME: 84 (F) PAGES: 5449-5453 (G) DATE: AUG - 1987 (H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777 (I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987 (J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR- 1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: IleGlyLysPheLeuH isSerAlaLysLys 510 PheGlyLysAlaPheValGlyGluIleMet 1520 AsnSer (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: magainin peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Zasloff, Michael (C) JOURNAL: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (D) VOLUME: 84 (F) PAGES: 5449-5453 (G) DATE: AUG - 1987 (H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777 (I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987 (J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR- 1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5: GlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPhe 510 GlyLysAlaPheValGlyGluIleMetAsn 1520 Ser (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: magainin peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Zasloff, Michael (C) JOURNAL: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (D) VOLUME: 84 (F ) PAGES: 5449-5453 (G) DATE: AUG - 1987 (H) DOCUMENT NUMBER: US 4810777 (I) FILING DATE: 04-MAR-1987 (J) PUBLICATION DATE: 07-MAR- 1989 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6: LysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPheGly 510 LysAlaPheValGlyGluIleMetAsnS er 1520 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: PGLa peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Hoffman, et al. (C) JOURNAL: EMBO J. (D) VOLUME: 2 (F) PAGES: 711-714 (G) DATE: 1983 (A) AUTHORS: Andreu, et al. (C) JOURNAL: Journal of Biochemistry (D) VOLUME: 149 (F) PAGES: 531-535 (G) DATE: 1985 (A) AUTHORS: Gibson, et al. (C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem. (D) VOLUME: 261 (F) PAGES: 5341-5349 (G) DATE: 1986 (A) AUTHORS: Giovannini, et al. (C) JOURNAL: Biochem J. (D) VOLUME: 243 (F) PAGES: 113-120 (G) DATE: 1987 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7: GlyMetAlaSerLysAlaGlyAlaIleAla 510 GlyLysIleAlaLysValAlaLeuLysAla 1520 Leu (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 25 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: XPF peptide. (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Hoffman, et al.l (C) JOURNAL: EMBO J. (D) VOLUME: 2 (F) PAGES: 711-714 (G) DATE: 1983 (A) AUTHORS: Andreu, et al. (C) JOURNAL: Journal of Biochemistry (D) VOLUME: 149 (F) PAGES: 531-535 (G) DATE: 1985 (A) AUTHORS: Gibson, et al. (C) JOURNAL: J. Biol. Chem. (D) VOLUME: 261 (F) PAGES: 5341-5349 (G) DATE: 1986 (A) AUTHORS: Giovannini, et al. (C) JOURNAL: Biochem J. (D) VOLUME: 243 (F) PAGES: 113-120 (G) DATE: 1987 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8: GlyTrpAlaSerLysI leGlyGlnThrLeu 510 GlyLysIleAlaLysValGlyLeuLysGlu 1520 LeuIleGlnProLys 25
Claims (26)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/711,183 US5254537A (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1991-05-10 | Composition and treatment with peptide combinations |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US30298589A | 1989-01-30 | 1989-01-30 | |
US34689489A | 1989-05-03 | 1989-05-03 | |
US07/711,183 US5254537A (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1991-05-10 | Composition and treatment with peptide combinations |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US34689489A Continuation-In-Part | 1989-01-30 | 1989-05-03 |
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US5254537A true US5254537A (en) | 1993-10-19 |
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US07/711,183 Expired - Lifetime US5254537A (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1991-05-10 | Composition and treatment with peptide combinations |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5519115A (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1996-05-21 | Enichem S.P.A. | Reverse antimicrobial peptides |
US5734015A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-03-31 | Magainin Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Family of linear antimicrobial peptides from hagfish intestine |
WO1999006564A1 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-11 | Sanford Scientific, Inc. | Expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in plants, and their use in creating resistance to multiple plant pathogens |
US6348445B1 (en) | 1992-06-01 | 2002-02-19 | Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biologically active peptides with reduced toxicity in animals and a method for preparing same |
-
1991
- 1991-05-10 US US07/711,183 patent/US5254537A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (10)
Title |
---|
Andreu et al., J. Biochem. 149:531 535, 1985. * |
Andreu et al., J. Biochem. 149:531-535, 1985. |
Gibson et al., "Novel Peptide Fragments Originating from PGLa and the Caeruleinand Xenopsin Precursors from Xenopus laevis," J. Biol. Chem. 261:5341-5349, 1986. |
Gibson et al., Novel Peptide Fragments Originating from PGLa and the Caeruleinand Xenopsin Precursors from Xenopus laevis, J. Biol. Chem. 261:5341 5349, 1986. * |
Giovannini, et al., "Biosynthesis and degradation of peptides derived from Xenopus laevis prohormones," Biochem. J. 243:113-120, 1987. |
Giovannini, et al., Biosynthesis and degradation of peptides derived from Xenopus laevis prohormones, Biochem. J. 243:113 120, 1987. * |
M. Zasloff, "Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: Isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 84, pp. 5449-5453 (Aug. 1987). |
M. Zasloff, Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: Isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 84, pp. 5449 5453 (Aug. 1987). * |
W. Hoffmann et al., "A novel peptide designated PYLa and its precursor as predicted from cloned mRNA of Xenopus laevis skin," EMBO J. 2:711-714, 1983. |
W. Hoffmann et al., A novel peptide designated PYLa and its precursor as predicted from cloned mRNA of Xenopus laevis skin, EMBO J. 2:711 714, 1983. * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5519115A (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1996-05-21 | Enichem S.P.A. | Reverse antimicrobial peptides |
US6348445B1 (en) | 1992-06-01 | 2002-02-19 | Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biologically active peptides with reduced toxicity in animals and a method for preparing same |
US5734015A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-03-31 | Magainin Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Family of linear antimicrobial peptides from hagfish intestine |
WO1999006564A1 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-11 | Sanford Scientific, Inc. | Expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in plants, and their use in creating resistance to multiple plant pathogens |
US6235973B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2001-05-22 | Sanford Scientific, Inc. | Expression of magainin and PGL classes of antimicrobial peptide genes in plants, and their use in creating resistance to multiple plant pathogens |
AU739960B2 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2001-10-25 | Sanford Scientific, Inc. | Expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in plants, and their use in creating resistance to multiple plant pathogens |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MAGAININ SCIENCES INC. A DE CORPORATION, PENNSYLV Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ZASLOFF, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:005918/0392 Effective date: 19910717 |
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