US523544A - mctear - Google Patents
mctear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US523544A US523544A US523544DA US523544A US 523544 A US523544 A US 523544A US 523544D A US523544D A US 523544DA US 523544 A US523544 A US 523544A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- bitumen
- roofing
- vegetable
- mctear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000681094 Zingel asper Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012765 hemp Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012766 marijuana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0005—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface
- D06N7/0028—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface characterised by colour effects, e.g. craquelé, reducing gloss
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
- Y10T442/378—Coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded
- Y10T442/3821—Coating or impregnation contains bituminous material
Definitions
- Vegetable fiber roofing is usually made out.
- the process of manufacturing is as follows: The dry fiber is placed upon a feed apron which brings it to a pair of feed rollers, and discharges it on to a covered cylinder'or drum furnished with pins orteeth and revolving at a high speed. After the fiber has been teased therewith, it is then, by the aid of air suction, brought upon a wire cylinder, where it is formed into a sliver or bat, and discharged. through rollers upon a level plate, and then conducted through and over a number of rollers, where it is saturated with bitumen, dried and pressed.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged section of my roofing material in which a is the fiber saturated with bitumen; b is a layerof ordinary bituminous cement and c is Manila paper.
- Fig. 2 shows the apparatus used by me for making the roofing.
- A is a feed apron for dry fiber;
- A two feed rollers;
- 'B covered cylinder or drum furnished with pins and revolving at a far higher speed than that of the feed rolls,
- G covered wire cylinder acted on by air suction and upon which'is formed the sliverv or bat;
- D chamber partially exhausted of air by pump or other means not shown;
- E delivery rollers with pressure to press the bat;
- F iron plate to sustain the bat
- G upper of bitumen
- H three pipes extending over the saturated fiber, the ends being closed
- J is the upper prcss-. ure roller to press together the fibrous material and saturated fiber
- J under roller for same purpose revolving in a pan to collect the bitumen which is pressed out
- K bottom pans forbitu men
- L a cooling roller arranged to hold ice water
- I paper or other fibrous material, usually Manila paper
- M roller revolving in pan to coat fibrous material with bitumen
- N guide roller for fibrous material.
- roofing material which consists in saturating a bat or sliver of loose fiber with bitumen, passing it and aweb of tough and practically impervious fabric between rollers with pressure and GEORGE MCTEAR.
Description
I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
, McTEA-R. VEGETABLE FIBER ROOFING- No. 523,544. Patented July 24, 1894.,
\X/fgesses E lqvgg En zzww n3: 'ummls Ptrgns cou'i'rpro-umm WASHINGTON, n. c
2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
(No Model.)
G McTEAR VEGETABLE EIEEE ROOFING.
,544. Patented July 24, 1894.
UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE. 7
- .GEORGE' MGTEAR, OF BELFAST, IRELAND.
VEGETABLE-FIBER ROOFING.
SPEGIFICATIONforming part of Letters Patent No. 523,544, dated July 24, 1894.
Application filed October 3, 1893- Serial No. 487,070. (No specimens.)
To 00% whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, GEORGE MoTEAR, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Belfast, county Antrim, Ireland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Flax or other Vegetabio-Fiber Roofing, of which the following isa specification.
. Vegetable fiber roofing is usually made out.
of card fiyings, from the carding machines in mills, where flax, hemp, jute andsuch like fibers are spun, or from fiber straw machined.
The process of manufacturing is as follows:The dry fiber is placed upon a feed apron which brings it to a pair of feed rollers, and discharges it on to a covered cylinder'or drum furnished with pins orteeth and revolving at a high speed. After the fiber has been teased therewith, it is then, by the aid of air suction, brought upon a wire cylinder, where it is formed into a sliver or bat, and discharged. through rollers upon a level plate, and then conducted through and over a number of rollers, where it is saturated with bitumen, dried and pressed.
From the foregoing description, it may be observed that vegetable fiber roofing is at present made of loose fiber caused to adhere together by pressure and bitumen.
When a roof has been covered with vegetable fiber roofing, in order to complete the work, it is absolutely necessary to give it a coating of bitumen varnish. It has been found that, when vegetable fiber roofing has,
been exposed to a great sun heat such as is usual during the summer months, if the varnish be not made of a stout body, it works through the fiber and is absorbed by the wood sheathing or escapes through theboard joints. It is difficult also to arrive at a proper temper for the coating, as, in climates Where at certain seasons there is extreme heat or cold, if it be of too stout a body, it will crack with the frost, and, if too liquid, it will work through the fiber with a strong sun heat as already explained. Now, by my invention, I add, in the process of manufacture, to the un derside of this material a web of non-absorbing or only slightly absorbent Manila paper, woven fabric or like material, and at the same time cement the two together by a layer K of bitumen. The paper, dense canvas, or other but slightly absorbent fabric does not absorb the bitumen or pitch, and thus it cannot escape but remains in the fabric and it is not requisite to varnish the upper surface as often as is customary with the ordinary m'ateriahowing to the under surface of the bitumen being protected, from the air, th'us preventing disintegration. r.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification:- Figure 1 is an enlarged section of my roofing material in which a is the fiber saturated with bitumen; b is a layerof ordinary bituminous cement and c is Manila paper. Fig. 2 shows the apparatus used by me for making the roofing.
In Fig. 2, A is a feed apron for dry fiber; A, two feed rollers;'B, covered cylinder or drum furnished with pins and revolving at a far higher speed than that of the feed rolls,
whereby the fiber is carded and drawn out;
G, covered wire cylinder acted on by air suction and upon which'is formed the sliverv or bat; D, chamber partially exhausted of air by pump or other means not shown; E, delivery rollers with pressure to press the bat;
F, iron plate to sustain the bat; G, upper of bitumen; H, three pipes extending over the saturated fiber, the ends being closed,
but with a slit facing the material the length of its breadth. These pipes are connected with fan blowers and convey cold air for congealing the bitumen; J, is the upper prcss-. ure roller to press together the fibrous material and saturated fiber; J, under roller for same purpose revolving in a pan to collect the bitumen which is pressed out; K, bottom pans forbitu men; L, a cooling roller arranged to hold ice water; I, paper or other fibrous material, usually Manila paper; M, roller revolving in pan to coat fibrous material with bitumen; N, guide roller for fibrous material.
But my material difiers from all that have gone before it in that it consists of a combination of a vegetable fiber and bitumen which in theheated state is'not strong enough to support its own weight except for very short distances but has to be' supported, and a strong fibrous backing practically impervious to bitumen which is united to it by means of liquid or soft adhesive bitumen and pressure during manufacture.
Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:
1. The process of manufacturing roofing material which consists in saturating a bat or sliver of loose fiber with bitumen, passing it and aweb of tough and practically impervious fabric between rollers with pressure and GEORGE MCTEAR.
Witnesses:
GEORGE BAXTER, WM. Ross.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US523544A true US523544A (en) | 1894-07-24 |
Family
ID=2592339
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US523544D Expired - Lifetime US523544A (en) | mctear |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US523544A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3998685A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1976-12-21 | The Celotex Corporation | Apparatus and process for making an offset laminated roofing shingle and roofing shingle made thereby |
-
0
- US US523544D patent/US523544A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3998685A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1976-12-21 | The Celotex Corporation | Apparatus and process for making an offset laminated roofing shingle and roofing shingle made thereby |
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