US5209918A - Synthesis of crystalline ZSM-5-type material - Google Patents
Synthesis of crystalline ZSM-5-type material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5209918A US5209918A US07/771,717 US77171791A US5209918A US 5209918 A US5209918 A US 5209918A US 77171791 A US77171791 A US 77171791A US 5209918 A US5209918 A US 5209918A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- crystalline material
- mixture
- zsm
- oxide
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- FEUISMYEFPANSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1N FEUISMYEFPANSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical group [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical group [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- -1 hydrocarbon compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 3
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical compound C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNIYNESXCOYFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl(dimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LNIYNESXCOYFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mepiquat Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 2
- KQOLRCMUIKXDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetramethylpiperazin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1(C)CNCC[N+]1(C)C KQOLRCMUIKXDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSMVBYPXNKCPAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CC1CCC(N)CC1 KSMVBYPXNKCPAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CNC1CCCCC1 XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical group O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940045985 antineoplastic platinum compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QHCCDDQKNUYGNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNCC QHCCDDQKNUYGNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GGHDAUPFEBTORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCC(N)N GGHDAUPFEBTORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C01B39/38—Type ZSM-5
- C01B39/40—Type ZSM-5 using at least one organic template directing agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new and useful method for synthesizing a crystalline material identified as ZSM-5-type, the new material synthesized, and use of the crystalline material synthesized in accordance herewith as a catalyst component for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.
- organic compound e.g. hydrocarbon compound
- this invention relates to a method for preparing the crystalline ZSM-5-type structure whereby synthesis is facilitated and reproducible and the product exhibits high purity and catalytic utility.
- Crystalline ZSM-5 and its conventional preparation are taught by U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,886, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. It has a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern which identifies it from other known crystalline materials.
- a crystalline material composition having the structure of ZSM-5 is taught in U.S. Pat. Re. 29,948, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,600 teaches a method for synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 from a reaction mixture comprising, as a directing agent, an alkyldiamine.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,296,083 claims synthesizing zeolites characterized by a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and an alumina/silica mole ratio of not greater than 0.083 from a specified reaction mixture containing an organic nitrogen-containing cation provided by an amine identified as being selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, ethylenediamine, propanediamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, benzylamine, aniline, pyridine, piperidine and pyrrolidine.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,151,189 claims a method for synthesizing zeolites ZSM-5, ZSM-12, ZSM-35 and ZSM-38 containing an organic nitrogen cation from a specified reaction mixture containing a primary amine having 2 to 9 carbon atoms as a directing agent.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,748 shows synthesis of ZSM-5 structure from reaction mixtures comprising ethanol, ZSM-5 seeds, ethanol and seeds, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide, and ethanol, ammonium hydroxide and ZSM-5 seeds.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,262 teaches synthesis of ZSM-5 from a reaction mixture comprising a tetraalkylammonium source and a tetraureacobalt (II) complex.
- the zeolitic compositions labeled PSH-3 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,409 are synthesized from reaction mixtures containing hexamethyleneimine as directing agent.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,325 utilizes hexamethyleneimine in another reaction mixture to direct synthesis of MCM-22. That organic is used in U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,663 for synthesis of yet another crystalline structure labelled MCM-35.
- 4,568,654 teaching use of cobalticinium, dimethylpiperidinium, trimethylene bis trimethylammonium or tetramethylpiperazinium directing agents for synthesis of ZSM-51; U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,213, teaching use of DABCO-C 4-10 -diquat directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12; U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,531, teaching synthesis of ZSM-12 with a DABCO-C n -diquat, n being 4,5,6 or 10, directing agent; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,193, teaching use of bis (dimethylpiperidinium) trimethylene directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12.
- 4,665,250 teaches the use of linear diquaternary ammonium compounds of the structure (CH 3 ) 3 N + (CH 2 ) m N + (CH 3 ) 3 , m being 5, 6, 8, 9 or 10, for synthesis of ZSM-48.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,527 teaches numerous diquaternary ammonium compounds and shows use of (CH 3 ) 3 N + (CH 2 ) 7 N + (CH 3 ) 3 directing agent for synthesis of MCM-10.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,815 teaches numerous diquaternary ammonium compounds and shows use of (CH 3 ) 3 N + (CH 2 ) 4 N + (CH 3 ) 3 to direct synthesis of a Silica-X structure type.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,639 teaches use of the diquaternary (C 2 H 5 ) (CH 3 ) 2 N + (CH 2 ) 4or6 N + (CH 3 ) 2 (C 2 H 5 ) as directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12.
- Synthesis of ZSM-5 is directed by the diquaternary (alkyl) 3 N + (CH 2 ) 6 N + (alkyl) 3 , alkyl being propyl or butyl, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,638.
- EPA 42,226 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,754 teach existence of numerous diquaternary ammonium compounds, but show use of (CH 3 ) 3 N + (CH 2 ) 6 N + (CH 3 ) 3 as directing agent for synthesis of EU-1.
- EPA 51,318 teaches use of the same diquaternary for synthesis of TPZ-3. It is noted that EU-1, TPZ-3 and ZSM-50 (synthesized with dibenzyldimethylammonium directing agent) have the same structure.
- the method comprises forming a reaction mixture hydrogel containing sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M) cations; an oxide of trivalent element (X), e.g. aluminum, boron, iron, gallium, indium and mixtures thereof; an oxide of tetravalent element (Y), e.g. silicon, germanium, tin and mixtures thereof; a directing agent (R) of 2-methylcyclohexylamine; and water, said reaction mixture having a composition in terms of mole ratios, within the following ranges:
- the method further comprises maintaining the reaction mixture until crystals of the ZSM-5 structure are formed.
- Reaction conditions required consist of heating the foregoing reaction mixture to a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 200° C. for a period of time of from about 10 hours to about 10 days.
- a more preferred temperature range is from about 130° C. to about 180° C. with the amount of time at a temperature in such range being from about 3 days to about 8 days.
- the solid product comprising ZSM-5 crystals is recovered from the reaction medium, as by cooling the whole to room temperature, filtering and water washing.
- the particular effectiveness of the presently required organic directing agent, ie. 2-methylcyclohexylamine, when compared with other directing agents, such as those identified above, for the present synthesis is believed due to its ability to function as a template in the nucleation and growth of ZSM-5 crystals from the above high YO 2 , e.g. SiO 2 , low alkalinity, e.g. low OH - /YO 2 , reaction mixture. This is true even though no predigestion of the gel is required prior to crystallization.
- This different organic agent functions in this fashion in the reaction mixture having the above described composition and under the above described conditions of temperature and time.
- the reaction mixture required for this invention is Y-rich, e.g. silicon-rich, with a YO 2 /X 2 O 3 molar ratio of from about 50/1 to the limits of measurement, i.e. infinity, preferably from about 70/1 to about 20,000/1.
- the ratio of components of the reaction mixture required herein are critical to achieve maximum effectiveness. For instance, if the YO 2 /X 2 O 3 ratio is less than about 70, another zeolite phase will begin to form. In general, with lower YO 2 /X 2 O 3 ratios in the reaction mixture, crystallization of synthetic mordenite increases and ZSM-5 decreases. When the YO 2 /X 2 O 3 ratio drops below about 50/1, mordenite becomes the primary product.
- the synthesis of the present invention is facilitated when the reaction mixture comprises seed crystals, such as those having the structure of ZSM-5.
- seed crystals such as those having the structure of ZSM-5.
- the use of at least 0.01%, preferably about 0.10%, and even more preferably about 1% seed crystals (based on total weight) of crystalline material will be useful.
- the reaction mixture composition for the synthesis of ZSM-5-type crystals hereby can be prepared utilizing materials which can supply the appropriate oxide.
- the useful sources of X 2 O 3 e.g. aluminum oxide, iron oxide and/or boron oxide, include, as non-limiting examples, any known form of such oxide, e.g. aluminum oxide or hydroxide, organic or inorganic salt or compound, e.g. alumina, aluminates and borates.
- the useful sources of YO 2 e.g. silicon oxide, include, as non-limiting examples, known forms of such oxide, e.g. silicic acid or silicon dioxide, alkoxy- or other compounds of silicon, including silica gel and silica hydrosol.
- each oxide component utilized in the reaction mixture for this synthesis can be supplied by one or more essential reactants and they can be mixed together in any order.
- any oxide can be supplied by an aqueous solution.
- the reaction mixture can be prepared either batchwise or continuously. Crystal size and crystallization time for the product composition comprising the ZSM-5 crystals will vary with the exact nature of the reaction mixture employed within the above limitations.
- the 2-methylcyclohexylamine directing agent for use herein has a formula C 7 H 15 N, and may be structurally represented as follows: ##STR1##
- the ZSM-5 crystal composition prepared hereby has a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, including values substantially as set forth in Table 1, hereinafter.
- X-ray diffraction data were collected with a Rigaku diffraction system, equipped with a graphite diffracted beam monochromator and scintillation counter, using copper K-alpha radiation.
- the diffraction data were recorded by step-scanning at b 0.02 degrees of two-theta, where theta is the Bragg angle, and a counting time of 1 second for each step.
- the interplanar spacings, d's were calculated in Angstrom units (A), and the relative intensities of the lines, I/I o , where I o is one-hundredth of the intensity of the strongest line, above background, were derived with the use of a profile fitting routine (or second derivative algorithm).
- the intensities are uncorrected for Lorentz and polarization effects.
- crystallographic changes can include minor changes in unit cell parameters and/or a change in crystal symmetry, without a change in topology of the structure. These minor effects, including changes in relative intensities, can also occur as a result of differences in cation content, framework composition, nature and degree of pore filling, and thermal and/or hydrothermal history.
- the crystalline ZSM-5 prepared hereby has a composition involving the molar relationship:
- X is a trivalent element, such as aluminum, boron, iron, indium and/or gallium, preferably aluminum
- Y is a tetravalent element, such as silicon, tin and/or germanium, preferably silicon
- y is at least about 50, usually from about 50 to less than about 20,000, more usually from about 70 to about 2000.
- the crystalline material has a formula, on an anhydrous basis and in terms of moles of oxides per y moles of YO 2 , as follows:
- M and R are as defined above.
- the M and R components are associated with the material as a result of their presence during crystallization, and are easily removed by post-crystallization methods hereinafter more particularly described.
- Synthetic ZSM-5-type crystals prepared in accordance herewith can be used either in the as-synthesized form, the hydrogen form or another univalent or multivalent cationic form. It can also be used in intimate combination with a hydrogenating component such as tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, or a noble metal such as platinum or palladium where a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation function is to be performed. Such components can be exchanged into the composition, impregnated therein or physically intimately admixed therewith.
- a hydrogenating component such as tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, or a noble metal such as platinum or palladium
- Such components can be impregnated in or on to the ZSM-5 such as, for example, by, in the case of platinum, treating the material with a platinum metal-containing ion.
- Suitable platinum compounds for this purpose include chloroplatinic acid, platinous chloride and various compounds containing the platinum amine complex. Combinations of metals and methods for their introduction can also be used.
- Synthetic ZSM-5 crystals when employed either as an adsorbent or as a catalyst in a hydrocarbon conversion process, should be dehydrated at least partially. This can be done by heating to a temperature in the range of from about 65° C. to about 315° C. in an inert atmosphere, such as air, nitrogen, etc. and at atmospheric or subatmospheric pressures for between I and 48 hours. Dehydration can be performed at lower temperature merely by placing the zeolite in a vacuum, but a longer time is required to obtain a particular degree of dehydration.
- the thermal decomposition product of the newly synthesized ZSM-5 can be prepared by heating same at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 550° C. for from 1 hour to about 48 hours.
- the original cations, e.g. alkali or alkaline earth metal, of the as-synthesized material can be replaced in accordance with techniques well known in the art, at least in part, by ion exchange with other cations.
- Preferred replacing cations include metal ions, hydrogen ions, hydrogen precursor, e.g. ammonium, ions and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred cations are those which render the material catalytically active, especially for certain hydrocarbon conversion reactions. These include hydrogen, rare earth metals and metals of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, especially gallium, indium and tin.
- Typical ion exchange technique would be to contact the synthetic ZSM-5 material with a salt of the desired replacing cation or cations.
- salts include the halides, e.g. chlorides, nitrates and sulfates.
- the ZSM-5 is then preferably washed with water and dried at a temperature ranging from 65° C. to about 315° C. and thereafter may be calcined in air or other inert gas at temperatures ranging from about 200° C. to about 550° C. for periods of time ranging from 1 to 48 hours or more to produce a catalytically-active thermal decomposition product thereof.
- the crystalline ZSM-5-type material prepared by the instant invention is formed in a wide variety of particle sizes.
- the particles can be in the form of a powder, a granule, or a molded product, such as extrudate having particle size sufficient to pass through a 2 mesh (Tyler) screen and be retained on a 400 mesh (Tyler) screen.
- the crystalline material can be extruded before drying or dried or partially dried and then extruded.
- Such matrix materials include active and inactive materials and synthetic or naturally occurring zeolites as well as inorganic materials such as clays, silica and/or metal oxides, e.g. alumina, titania and/or zirconia.
- the latter may be either naturally occurring or in the form of gelatinous precipitates, sols or gels including mixtures of silica and metal oxides.
- Use of a material in conjuction with the ZSM-5, i.e. combined therewith, which is active, may enhance the conversion and/or selectivity of the catalyst in certain organic conversion processes.
- Inactive materials suitably serve as diluents to control the amount of conversion in a given process so that products can be obtained economically and orderly without employing other means for controlling the rate or reaction.
- crystalline catalytic materials have been incorporated into naturally occurring clays, e.g. bentonite and kaolin. These materials, i.e. clays, oxides, etc., function, in part, as binders for the catalyst. It is desirable to provide a catalyst having good crush strength because in a petroleum refinery the catalyst is often subjected to rough handling, which tends to break the catalyst down into powder-like materials which cause problems in processing.
- Naturally occurring clays which can be composited with the hereby synthesized crystalline material include the montmorillonite and kaolin families which include the subbentonites, and the kaolins commonly known as Dixie, McNamee, Georgia and Florida clays, or others in which the main mineral constituent is halloysite, kaolinite, dickite, nacrite or anauxite. Such clays can be used in the raw state as originally mined or initially subjected to calcination, acid treatment or chemical modification.
- the present crystals can be composited with a porous matrix material such as silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, silica-zirconia, silica-thoria, silica-beryllia, silica-titania, as well as ternary compositions such as silica-alumina-thoria, silica-alumina-zirconia, silica-alumina-magnesia and silica-magnesia-zirconia.
- the matrix can be in the form of a cogel. A mixture of these components could also be used.
- the relative proportions of finely divided crystalline material and matrix vary widely with the crystalline material content ranging from about 1 to about 90 percent by weight, and more usually in the range of about 2 to about 50 percent by weight of the composite.
- reforming stocks can be reformed employing a temperature between about 370° C. and about 540 C.
- the pressure can be between about 100 psig and about 1000 psig, but it is preferably between about 200 psig and about 700 psig.
- the liquid hourly space velocity is generally between about 0.1 and about 10 hr -1 , preferably between about 0.5 and about 4 hr -1 , and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio is generally between about 1 and about 20, preferably between about 4 and about 12.
- the catalyst can also be used for hydroisomerization of normal paraffins, when provided with a hydrogenation component, e.g. platinum. Hydroisomerization is carried out at a temperature between about 90° C. and 375° C., preferably about 145° C. to about 290° C., with a liquid hourly space velocity between about 0.01 and about 2 hr -1 , preferably between about 0.25 and about 0.50 hr -1 , employing hydrogen such that the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio is between about 1:1 and about 5:1. Additionally, the catalyst can be used for olefin or aromatic isomerization, employing a temperature between about 0° C. and about 370° C.
- the catalyst can also be used for reducing the pour point of gas oils. This reaction may be conducted at a liquid hourly space velocity between about 10 and about 30 hr -1 and at a temperature between about 400° C. and about 540° C.
- reaction which can be accomplished employing the catalyst of this invention containing a metal, e.g. platinum, include hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions and desulfurization reactions, olefin polymerization (oligomerization) and other organic compound conversions such as the conversion of alcohols (e.g. methanol) to hydrocarbons, and the alkylation of aromatics (e.g. benzene).
- a metal e.g. platinum
- a weighed sample of the calcined adsorbant is contacted with the desired pure adsorbate vapor in an adsorption chamber, evacuated to 1 mm and contacted with 5 to 12 mm Hg of water vapor, 20 mm Hg of n-hexane or cyclohexane vapor, or 100 mm Hg n-butane or neopentane vapor, pressures less than the vapor-liquid equilibrium pressure of the respective adsorbate at room temperature.
- the pressure is kept constant (within about ⁇ 0.5 mm) by addition of absorbate vapor controlled by a manostat during the adsorption period, which does not exceed about 8 hours.
- the decrease in pressure causes the manostat to open a valve which admits more adsorbate vapor to the chamber to restore the above control pressures. Sorption is complete when the pressure change is not sufficient to activate the manostat.
- the increase in weight is calculated as the adsorption capacity of the sample in g/100 g of calcined adsorbant.
- the alpha Test is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,354,078; in the Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 4, p. 527 (1965); Vol. 6, p. 278 (1966); and Vol. 61, p. 395 (1980), each incorporated herein by reference as to that description.
- the experimental conditions of the test used herein include a constant temperature of 538° C. and a variable flow rate as described in detail in the Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 61, p. 395.
- the hydrogen-ion form of the calcined product of this example proved to have an Alpha Value of 103, and the following equilibrium adsorption capacities in grams/100 grams:
- the hydrogen-ion form of the calcined product of this example proves to have an Alpha Value of 438, and the following equilibrium adsorption capacities in grams/100 grams:
- the hydrogen-ion form of the calcined product of this example proves to have an Alpha Value of 100, and the following equilibrium adsorption capacities in grams/100 grams:
Abstract
This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite ZSM-5-type, to a new and useful method for synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a new and useful method for synthesizing a crystalline material identified as ZSM-5-type, the new material synthesized, and use of the crystalline material synthesized in accordance herewith as a catalyst component for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.
More particularly, this invention relates to a method for preparing the crystalline ZSM-5-type structure whereby synthesis is facilitated and reproducible and the product exhibits high purity and catalytic utility. Discussion of the Prior Art
Crystalline ZSM-5 and its conventional preparation are taught by U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,886, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. It has a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern which identifies it from other known crystalline materials. A crystalline material composition having the structure of ZSM-5 is taught in U.S. Pat. Re. 29,948, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,600 teaches a method for synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 from a reaction mixture comprising, as a directing agent, an alkyldiamine. U.S. Pat. No. 4,296,083 claims synthesizing zeolites characterized by a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and an alumina/silica mole ratio of not greater than 0.083 from a specified reaction mixture containing an organic nitrogen-containing cation provided by an amine identified as being selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, ethylenediamine, propanediamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, benzylamine, aniline, pyridine, piperidine and pyrrolidine.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,151,189 claims a method for synthesizing zeolites ZSM-5, ZSM-12, ZSM-35 and ZSM-38 containing an organic nitrogen cation from a specified reaction mixture containing a primary amine having 2 to 9 carbon atoms as a directing agent. U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,748 shows synthesis of ZSM-5 structure from reaction mixtures comprising ethanol, ZSM-5 seeds, ethanol and seeds, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide, and ethanol, ammonium hydroxide and ZSM-5 seeds. U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,262 teaches synthesis of ZSM-5 from a reaction mixture comprising a tetraalkylammonium source and a tetraureacobalt (II) complex.
Lok et al. (3 Zeolites. 282-291 (1983)) teach numerous organic compounds which act as directing agents for synthesis of various crystalline materials, such as, for example, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-20, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, AlPO4 -5, AlPO4 -8, AlPO4 -20 and others. The article does not show the presently required organic for synthesis of ZSM-5. The article does show that cyclohexylamine, N-methylcyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine and ethyl-n-butylamine may direct synthesis of AlPO4 -5 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,440).
The zeolitic compositions labeled PSH-3 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,409 are synthesized from reaction mixtures containing hexamethyleneimine as directing agent. U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,325 utilizes hexamethyleneimine in another reaction mixture to direct synthesis of MCM-22. That organic is used in U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,663 for synthesis of yet another crystalline structure labelled MCM-35.
Other publications teaching various organic directing agents for synthesis of various crystalline materials include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,592,902, teaching use of an alkyltropinium directing agent, alkyl being of 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for synthesis of ZSM-5; U.S. Pat. No. 4,640,829, teaching use of dibenzyldimethylammonium directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-50; U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,923, teaching use of (CH3)2 )N+ (CH2)4 N+)(CH3)2 directing agent for synthesis of another novel zeolite; U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,747, teaching use of bis (N-methylpyridyl) ethylinium directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-48; U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,746, teaching use of bis (N-methylpyridyl) ethylinium directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12; U.S. Pat. No. 4,584,286, teaching use of bis (N-methylpyridyl) ethylinium directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-35; U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,654, teaching use of cobalticinium, dimethylpiperidinium, trimethylene bis trimethylammonium or tetramethylpiperazinium directing agents for synthesis of ZSM-51; U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,213, teaching use of DABCO-C4-10 -diquat directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12; U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,531, teaching synthesis of ZSM-12 with a DABCO-Cn -diquat, n being 4,5,6 or 10, directing agent; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,193, teaching use of bis (dimethylpiperidinium) trimethylene directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12.
Various diquaternary ammonium compounds have been identified as directing agents for a particular assortment of crystalline materials. For instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,490,342 and 4,619,820 show synthesis of ZSM-23 from a reaction mixture containing the organic of U.S. Pat. No. 4,531,012, i.e. (CH3)3 N+ (R)N+ (CH3)3, where R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 7 carbon atoms. U.S. Pat. No. 4,665,250 teaches the use of linear diquaternary ammonium compounds of the structure (CH3)3 N+ (CH2)m N+ (CH3)3, m being 5, 6, 8, 9 or 10, for synthesis of ZSM-48. U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,527 teaches numerous diquaternary ammonium compounds and shows use of (CH3)3 N+ (CH2)7 N+ (CH3)3 directing agent for synthesis of MCM-10.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,815 teaches numerous diquaternary ammonium compounds and shows use of (CH3)3 N+ (CH2)4 N+ (CH3)3 to direct synthesis of a Silica-X structure type. U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,639 teaches use of the diquaternary (C2 H5) (CH3)2 N+ (CH2)4or6 N+ (CH3)2 (C2 H5) as directing agent for synthesis of ZSM-12. Synthesis of ZSM-5 is directed by the diquaternary (alkyl)3 N+ (CH2)6 N+ (alkyl)3, alkyl being propyl or butyl, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,638.
EPA 42,226 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,754 teach existence of numerous diquaternary ammonium compounds, but show use of (CH3)3 N+ (CH2)6 N+ (CH3)3 as directing agent for synthesis of EU-1. EPA 51,318 teaches use of the same diquaternary for synthesis of TPZ-3. It is noted that EU-1, TPZ-3 and ZSM-50 (synthesized with dibenzyldimethylammonium directing agent) have the same structure.
Applicants know of no prior art method for preparing a crystalline ZSM-5 structure utilizing the present method.
An economical and reproducible method for preparing a crystalline material identified as zeolite ZSM-5-type exhibiting high purity, catalytic activity and other valuable properties is provided. The method comprises forming a reaction mixture hydrogel containing sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M) cations; an oxide of trivalent element (X), e.g. aluminum, boron, iron, gallium, indium and mixtures thereof; an oxide of tetravalent element (Y), e.g. silicon, germanium, tin and mixtures thereof; a directing agent (R) of 2-methylcyclohexylamine; and water, said reaction mixture having a composition in terms of mole ratios, within the following ranges:
______________________________________ Reactants Useful Preferred ______________________________________ YO.sub.2 /X.sub.2 O.sub.3 >50 70 to 20,000 H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2 10 to 100 15 to 50 OH.sup.- /YO.sub.2 0 to 0.5 0 to 0.2 M/YO.sub.2 0 to 2.0 0.10 to 1.0 R/YO.sub.2 0.01 to 2.0 0.10 to 1.0 ______________________________________
The method further comprises maintaining the reaction mixture until crystals of the ZSM-5 structure are formed. Reaction conditions required consist of heating the foregoing reaction mixture to a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 200° C. for a period of time of from about 10 hours to about 10 days. A more preferred temperature range is from about 130° C. to about 180° C. with the amount of time at a temperature in such range being from about 3 days to about 8 days. The solid product comprising ZSM-5 crystals is recovered from the reaction medium, as by cooling the whole to room temperature, filtering and water washing.
The particular effectiveness of the presently required organic directing agent, ie. 2-methylcyclohexylamine, when compared with other directing agents, such as those identified above, for the present synthesis is believed due to its ability to function as a template in the nucleation and growth of ZSM-5 crystals from the above high YO2, e.g. SiO2, low alkalinity, e.g. low OH- /YO2, reaction mixture. This is true even though no predigestion of the gel is required prior to crystallization. This different organic agent functions in this fashion in the reaction mixture having the above described composition and under the above described conditions of temperature and time. The reaction mixture required for this invention is Y-rich, e.g. silicon-rich, with a YO2 /X2 O3 molar ratio of from about 50/1 to the limits of measurement, i.e. infinity, preferably from about 70/1 to about 20,000/1.
It should be noted that the ratio of components of the reaction mixture required herein are critical to achieve maximum effectiveness. For instance, if the YO2 /X2 O3 ratio is less than about 70, another zeolite phase will begin to form. In general, with lower YO2 /X2 O3 ratios in the reaction mixture, crystallization of synthetic mordenite increases and ZSM-5 decreases. When the YO2 /X2 O3 ratio drops below about 50/1, mordenite becomes the primary product.
The synthesis of the present invention is facilitated when the reaction mixture comprises seed crystals, such as those having the structure of ZSM-5. The use of at least 0.01%, preferably about 0.10%, and even more preferably about 1% seed crystals (based on total weight) of crystalline material will be useful.
The reaction mixture composition for the synthesis of ZSM-5-type crystals hereby can be prepared utilizing materials which can supply the appropriate oxide. The useful sources of X2 O3, e.g. aluminum oxide, iron oxide and/or boron oxide, include, as non-limiting examples, any known form of such oxide, e.g. aluminum oxide or hydroxide, organic or inorganic salt or compound, e.g. alumina, aluminates and borates. The useful sources of YO2, e.g. silicon oxide, include, as non-limiting examples, known forms of such oxide, e.g. silicic acid or silicon dioxide, alkoxy- or other compounds of silicon, including silica gel and silica hydrosol.
It will be understood that each oxide component utilized in the reaction mixture for this synthesis can be supplied by one or more essential reactants and they can be mixed together in any order. For example, any oxide can be supplied by an aqueous solution. The reaction mixture can be prepared either batchwise or continuously. Crystal size and crystallization time for the product composition comprising the ZSM-5 crystals will vary with the exact nature of the reaction mixture employed within the above limitations.
The 2-methylcyclohexylamine directing agent for use herein has a formula C7 H15 N, and may be structurally represented as follows: ##STR1##
The ZSM-5 crystal composition prepared hereby has a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, including values substantially as set forth in Table 1, hereinafter.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Interplanar d-Spacing, (A) Relative Intensity (I/I.sub.o) ______________________________________ 11.00 ± 0.25 s-vs 9.80 ± 0.30 m-vs 6.70 ± 0.10 w 6.30 ± 0.10 w 5.98 ± 0.10 w 5.55 ± 0.10 w 5.00 ± 0.10 w 4.36 ± 0.10 w 4.25 ± 0.08 w 4.08 ± 0.05 w 3.85 ± 0.07 m-vs 3.71 ± 0.05 w-m 3.62 ± 0.04 w 3.04 ± 0.03 w 2.99 ± 0.02 w ______________________________________
These X-ray diffraction data were collected with a Rigaku diffraction system, equipped with a graphite diffracted beam monochromator and scintillation counter, using copper K-alpha radiation. The diffraction data were recorded by step-scanning at b 0.02 degrees of two-theta, where theta is the Bragg angle, and a counting time of 1 second for each step. The interplanar spacings, d's, were calculated in Angstrom units (A), and the relative intensities of the lines, I/Io, where Io is one-hundredth of the intensity of the strongest line, above background, were derived with the use of a profile fitting routine (or second derivative algorithm). The intensities are uncorrected for Lorentz and polarization effects. The relative intensities are given in terms of the symbols vs=very strong (75-100), s=strong 50-74), m=medium (25-49) and w=weak (0-24). It should be understood that diffraction data listed for this sample as single lines may consist of multiple overlapping lines which under certain conditions, such as differences in crystallite sizes or very high experimental resolution or crystallographic change, may appear as resolved or partially resolved lines. Typically, crystallographic changes can include minor changes in unit cell parameters and/or a change in crystal symmetry, without a change in topology of the structure. These minor effects, including changes in relative intensities, can also occur as a result of differences in cation content, framework composition, nature and degree of pore filling, and thermal and/or hydrothermal history.
The crystalline ZSM-5 prepared hereby has a composition involving the molar relationship:
X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(y)YO.sub.2
wherein X is a trivalent element, such as aluminum, boron, iron, indium and/or gallium, preferably aluminum; Y is a tetravalent element, such as silicon, tin and/or germanium, preferably silicon; and y is at least about 50, usually from about 50 to less than about 20,000, more usually from about 70 to about 2000. In the as-synthesized form, the crystalline material has a formula, on an anhydrous basis and in terms of moles of oxides per y moles of YO2, as follows:
(0.1 to 1.1)M.sub.2 O:(0.5 to 3.5)R:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(y)YO.sub.2
wherein M and R are as defined above. The M and R components are associated with the material as a result of their presence during crystallization, and are easily removed by post-crystallization methods hereinafter more particularly described.
Synthetic ZSM-5-type crystals prepared in accordance herewith can be used either in the as-synthesized form, the hydrogen form or another univalent or multivalent cationic form. It can also be used in intimate combination with a hydrogenating component such as tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, or a noble metal such as platinum or palladium where a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation function is to be performed. Such components can be exchanged into the composition, impregnated therein or physically intimately admixed therewith. Such components can be impregnated in or on to the ZSM-5 such as, for example, by, in the case of platinum, treating the material with a platinum metal-containing ion. Suitable platinum compounds for this purpose include chloroplatinic acid, platinous chloride and various compounds containing the platinum amine complex. Combinations of metals and methods for their introduction can also be used.
Synthetic ZSM-5 crystals, when employed either as an adsorbent or as a catalyst in a hydrocarbon conversion process, should be dehydrated at least partially. This can be done by heating to a temperature in the range of from about 65° C. to about 315° C. in an inert atmosphere, such as air, nitrogen, etc. and at atmospheric or subatmospheric pressures for between I and 48 hours. Dehydration can be performed at lower temperature merely by placing the zeolite in a vacuum, but a longer time is required to obtain a particular degree of dehydration. The thermal decomposition product of the newly synthesized ZSM-5 can be prepared by heating same at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 550° C. for from 1 hour to about 48 hours.
The original cations, e.g. alkali or alkaline earth metal, of the as-synthesized material can be replaced in accordance with techniques well known in the art, at least in part, by ion exchange with other cations. Preferred replacing cations include metal ions, hydrogen ions, hydrogen precursor, e.g. ammonium, ions and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred cations are those which render the material catalytically active, especially for certain hydrocarbon conversion reactions. These include hydrogen, rare earth metals and metals of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, especially gallium, indium and tin.
Typical ion exchange technique would be to contact the synthetic ZSM-5 material with a salt of the desired replacing cation or cations. Examples of such salts include the halides, e.g. chlorides, nitrates and sulfates.
Representative ion exchange techniques are disclosed in a wide variety of patents including U.S. Patents 3,140,249; 3,140,251; and 3,140,253.
Following contact with the salt solution of the desired replacing cation, the ZSM-5 is then preferably washed with water and dried at a temperature ranging from 65° C. to about 315° C. and thereafter may be calcined in air or other inert gas at temperatures ranging from about 200° C. to about 550° C. for periods of time ranging from 1 to 48 hours or more to produce a catalytically-active thermal decomposition product thereof.
The crystalline ZSM-5-type material prepared by the instant invention is formed in a wide variety of particle sizes. Generally speaking, the particles can be in the form of a powder, a granule, or a molded product, such as extrudate having particle size sufficient to pass through a 2 mesh (Tyler) screen and be retained on a 400 mesh (Tyler) screen. In cases where the catalyst is molded, such as by extrusion, the crystalline material can be extruded before drying or dried or partially dried and then extruded.
In the case of many catalysts, it is desired to incorporate the crystals hereby prepared with another material resistant to the temperatures and other conditions employed in certain organic conversion processes. Such matrix materials include active and inactive materials and synthetic or naturally occurring zeolites as well as inorganic materials such as clays, silica and/or metal oxides, e.g. alumina, titania and/or zirconia. The latter may be either naturally occurring or in the form of gelatinous precipitates, sols or gels including mixtures of silica and metal oxides. Use of a material in conjuction with the ZSM-5, i.e. combined therewith, which is active, may enhance the conversion and/or selectivity of the catalyst in certain organic conversion processes. Inactive materials suitably serve as diluents to control the amount of conversion in a given process so that products can be obtained economically and orderly without employing other means for controlling the rate or reaction. Frequently, crystalline catalytic materials have been incorporated into naturally occurring clays, e.g. bentonite and kaolin. These materials, i.e. clays, oxides, etc., function, in part, as binders for the catalyst. It is desirable to provide a catalyst having good crush strength because in a petroleum refinery the catalyst is often subjected to rough handling, which tends to break the catalyst down into powder-like materials which cause problems in processing.
Naturally occurring clays which can be composited with the hereby synthesized crystalline material include the montmorillonite and kaolin families which include the subbentonites, and the kaolins commonly known as Dixie, McNamee, Georgia and Florida clays, or others in which the main mineral constituent is halloysite, kaolinite, dickite, nacrite or anauxite. Such clays can be used in the raw state as originally mined or initially subjected to calcination, acid treatment or chemical modification.
In addition to the foregoing materials, the present crystals can be composited with a porous matrix material such as silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, silica-zirconia, silica-thoria, silica-beryllia, silica-titania, as well as ternary compositions such as silica-alumina-thoria, silica-alumina-zirconia, silica-alumina-magnesia and silica-magnesia-zirconia. The matrix can be in the form of a cogel. A mixture of these components could also be used.
The relative proportions of finely divided crystalline material and matrix vary widely with the crystalline material content ranging from about 1 to about 90 percent by weight, and more usually in the range of about 2 to about 50 percent by weight of the composite.
Employing a catalytically active form of the catalyst of this invention which may contain additional hydrogenation components, reforming stocks can be reformed employing a temperature between about 370° C. and about 540 C. The pressure can be between about 100 psig and about 1000 psig, but it is preferably between about 200 psig and about 700 psig. The liquid hourly space velocity is generally between about 0.1 and about 10 hr-1, preferably between about 0.5 and about 4 hr-1, and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio is generally between about 1 and about 20, preferably between about 4 and about 12.
The catalyst can also be used for hydroisomerization of normal paraffins, when provided with a hydrogenation component, e.g. platinum. Hydroisomerization is carried out at a temperature between about 90° C. and 375° C., preferably about 145° C. to about 290° C., with a liquid hourly space velocity between about 0.01 and about 2 hr-1, preferably between about 0.25 and about 0.50 hr-1, employing hydrogen such that the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio is between about 1:1 and about 5:1. Additionally, the catalyst can be used for olefin or aromatic isomerization, employing a temperature between about 0° C. and about 370° C.
The catalyst can also be used for reducing the pour point of gas oils. This reaction may be conducted at a liquid hourly space velocity between about 10 and about 30 hr-1 and at a temperature between about 400° C. and about 540° C.
Other reactions which can be accomplished employing the catalyst of this invention containing a metal, e.g. platinum, include hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions and desulfurization reactions, olefin polymerization (oligomerization) and other organic compound conversions such as the conversion of alcohols (e.g. methanol) to hydrocarbons, and the alkylation of aromatics (e.g. benzene).
In order to more fully illustrate the nature of the invention and the manner of practicing same, the following examples are presented. In the examples, whenever adsorption data are set forth for comparison of sorptive capacities, they are determined as follows:
A weighed sample of the calcined adsorbant is contacted with the desired pure adsorbate vapor in an adsorption chamber, evacuated to 1 mm and contacted with 5 to 12 mm Hg of water vapor, 20 mm Hg of n-hexane or cyclohexane vapor, or 100 mm Hg n-butane or neopentane vapor, pressures less than the vapor-liquid equilibrium pressure of the respective adsorbate at room temperature. The pressure is kept constant (within about ±0.5 mm) by addition of absorbate vapor controlled by a manostat during the adsorption period, which does not exceed about 8 hours. As adsorbate is adsorbed by the sorbant material, the decrease in pressure causes the manostat to open a valve which admits more adsorbate vapor to the chamber to restore the above control pressures. Sorption is complete when the pressure change is not sufficient to activate the manostat. The increase in weight is calculated as the adsorption capacity of the sample in g/100 g of calcined adsorbant.
When Alpha Value is examined, it is noted that the Alpha Value is an approximate indication of the catalytic cracking activity of the catalyst compared to a standard catalyst and it gives the relative rate constant (rate of normal hexane conversion per volume of catalyst per unit time). It is based on the activity of silica-alumina cracking catalyst taken as an Alpha of 1 (Rate Constant=0.016 sec-1). The alpha Test is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,354,078; in the Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 4, p. 527 (1965); Vol. 6, p. 278 (1966); and Vol. 61, p. 395 (1980), each incorporated herein by reference as to that description. The experimental conditions of the test used herein include a constant temperature of 538° C. and a variable flow rate as described in detail in the Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 61, p. 395.
To water (47.211 g) was added sodium aluminate (0.293 g, technical grade, 74% solids), and sodium hydroxide (0.54 g). This mixture was stirred briefly to complete dissolution, then 2-methylcyclohexylamine (5.025 g) was added. To this solution was added silica (Ultrasil, 9.133 g), and the resulting gel was transferred to a teflon liner, placed in an autoclave, pressurized (100 psig), sealed, then heated (145° C.) with stirring (.sup.˜ 345 rpm) for 1 week. The final hydrogel is described by the mole ratios as follows:
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 = 100.26 OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 = 0.08 R/SiO.sub.2 = 0.32 H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 = 18.92 Na.sup.+ /SiO.sub.2 = 0.12 ______________________________________
After cooling, the product was suction filtered, washed with water, then dried (110° C., in vacuo) to give a white powder (7.486 g). The X-ray diffraction pattern (λ=1.5418) of the product proved it to be ZSM-5, and is shown in Table 2. Elemental analysis on a dry basis gave the formula:
0.40 Na.sub.2 O: 3.32 R: Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 92.06 SiO.sub.2
A portion of the as-synthesized product of this example was calcined at 538° C. for 10 hours. Table 3 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of this calcined ZSM-5 material.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Interplanar Degrees Relative d-Spacing (A) 2-Theta Intensity ______________________________________ 11.10 7.96 62.73 9.98 8.86 43.18 7.08 12.50 8.08 6.72 13.18 5.89 6.35 13.94 5.44 5.98 14.82 14.37 5.71 15.52 5.91 5.56 15.94 13.82 5.13 17.28 7.52 5.02 17.68 7.79 4.61 19.26 9.47 4.49 19.76 4.42 4.37 20.34 12.28 4.29 20.70 9.75 4.26 20.86 9.67 4.09 21.74 23.43 4.01 22.16 10.22 3.85 23.12 100.00 3.72 23.94 39.95 3.65 24.38 13.51 3.49 25.54 6.17 3.44 25.92 4.89 3.40 26.24 6.03 3.33 26.80 8.41 3.18 28.10 4.47 3.05 29.24 11.24 2.99 29.92 14.17 2.87 31.20 4.36 2.61 34.34 4.62 ______________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Interplanar Degrees Relative d-Spacing (A) 2-Theta Intensity ______________________________________ 11.14 7.94 100.00 10.03 8.82 76.38 7.10 12.46 3.53 6.72 13.18 9.21 6.37 13.90 6.45 5.98 14.82 22.17 5.70 15.54 6.53 5.57 15.90 14.33 5.41 16.40 3.36 5.13 17.28 4.44 5.01 17.70 11.04 4.60 19.30 6.91 4.36 20.36 11.96 4.29 20.70 10.39 4.09 21.72 24.37 3.85 23.12 96.17 3.72 23.92 41.08 3.65 24.40 13.54 3.48 25.58 6.88 3.44 25.86 5.07 3.40 26.22 7.61 3.34 26.68 9.71 3.05 29.26 11.05 2.99 29.92 15.50 2.61 34.34 5.63 ______________________________________
The hydrogen-ion form of the calcined product of this example proved to have an Alpha Value of 103, and the following equilibrium adsorption capacities in grams/100 grams:
______________________________________ H.sub.2 O 7.2 Cyclohexane 7.8 n-Hexane 11.1 ______________________________________
To water (47.207 g) was added sodium aluminate (1.448 g, technical grade, 74% solids) and sodium hydroxide (0.527 g). This mixture was stirred briefly to complete dissolution, then 2-methylcyclohexylamine (4.99 g) was added. To this solution was added silica (Ultrasil, 9.118 g), and the resulting gel was transferred to a teflon liner, placed in an autoclave, pressurized (100 psig), sealed, then heated (175° C.) with stirring (.sup.˜ 355 rpm) for 3 days. The final hydrogen had the following composition in terms of mole ratios:
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 = 21.23 OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 = 0.00 R/SiO.sub.2 = 0.31 H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 = 19.07 Na.sup.+ /SiO.sub.2 = 0.20 ______________________________________
After cooling, the product was suction filtered, washed with water, then dried (110° C., in vacuo) to give a white powder (8.538 g). The X-ray diffraction pattern (λ=1.5418) of the product proved it to be synthetic mordenite, instead of ZSM-5, as shown in Table 4.
A portion of the as-synthesized product of this example was calcined at 538° C. for 10 hours. Table 5 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of this calcined mordenite material.
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ Interplanar Degrees Relative d-Spacing (A) 2-Theta Intensity ______________________________________ 13.60 6.50 33.53 10.19 8.68 15.42 9.04 9.78 73.67 6.56 13.50 60.60 6.36 13.92 16.98 6.04 14.66 13.17 5.79 15.30 23.69 5.03 17.62 5.29 4.86 18.26 5.29 4.52 19.66 45.03 4.26 20.84 11.26 4.14 21.48 7.00 4.13 21.50 7.00 3.98 22.34 68.72 3.82 23.28 18.26 3.75 23.74 14.39 3.62 24.62 6.51 3.56 25.02 5.43 3.46 25.74 100.00 3.38 26.38 55.75 3.35 26.62 58.15 3.28 27.20 9.54 3.22 27.72 56.44 3.14 28.40 8.13 3.09 28.90 7.05 2.93 30.52 8.66 2.89 30.98 23.15 2.69 33.30 5.58 ______________________________________
TABLE 5 ______________________________________ Interplanar Degrees Relative d-Spacing (A) 2-Theta Intensity ______________________________________ 13.60 6.50 30.70 10.21 8.66 19.69 9.06 9.76 77.74 6.56 13.50 63.44 6.39 13.86 19.78 6.04 14.66 16.17 5.81 15.26 25.37 5.09 17.42 5.86 5.04 17.60 6.19 4.86 18.24 5.01 4.52 19.64 42.70 4.27 20.82 12.13 4.13 21.50 5.58 3.98 22.32 76.48 3.83 23.24 19.55 3.75 23.72 14.35 3.62 24.58 6.70 3.46 25.72 100.00 3.38 26.36 64.36 3.35 26.60 55.51 3.28 27.20 11.49 3.22 27.66 59.93 3.15 28.34 8.69 3.09 28.86 8.42 2.93 30.50 9.77 2.89 30.96 25.81 2.70 33.24 6.10 ______________________________________
The hydrogen-ion form of the calcined product of this example proves to have an Alpha Value of 438, and the following equilibrium adsorption capacities in grams/100 grams:
______________________________________ H.sub.2 O 13.6 Neopentane 4.6 n-Butane 5.3 ______________________________________
To water (25.401 g) was added sodium aluminate (0.775 g, technical grade, 74% solids) and sodium hydroxide (0.293 g). This mixture was stirred briefly to complete dissolution, then 2.677 g of 4-methylcyclohexylamine (R') was added. To this solution was added silica (Ultrasil, 4.923 g), and the resulting gel was transferred to a teflon liner, placed in an autoclave, pressurized (100 psig), sealed, then heated (145° C.) without stirring for 5 weeks. The final hydrogel had the following composition in terms of mole ratios:
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 = 21.41 OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 = 0.00 R'/SiO.sub.2 = 0.31 H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 = 19.00 Na.sup.+ /SiO.sub.2 = 0.20 ______________________________________
After cooling, the product was suction filtered, washed with water, then dried (110° C., in vacuo) to give a white powder (4.421 g). The X-ray diffraction pattern (λ=1.5418) of the product proved it to be synthetic mordenite, instead of ZSM-5, as shown in Table 6.
A portion of the as-synthesized product of this example was calcined at 538° C. for 10 hours. Table 7 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of this calcined mordenite material.
TABLE 6 ______________________________________ Interplanar Degrees Relative d-Spacing (A) 2-Theta Intensity ______________________________________ 13.60 6.50 30.86 10.26 8.62 15.22 9.10 9.72 65.77 6.58 13.46 51.06 6.39 13.86 19.01 6.06 14.62 12.62 5.80 15.28 21.30 5.13 17.30 4.10 5.04 18.58 5.19 4.86 18.26 4.57 4.52 19.62 37.45 4.27 20.78 12.42 4.14 21.44 8.78 4.09 21.72 14.13 3.99 22.26 62.71 3.83 23.22 13.32 3.76 23.68 15.94 3.62 24.58 5.83 3.57 24.96 5.83 3.47 25.66 100.00 3.39 26.30 49.83 3.35 26.58 46.21 3.29 27.14 9.64 3.22 27.66 42.06 3.20 27.86 37.86 3.16 28.26 8.39 3.10 28.80 6.09 2.94 30.44 6.97 2.89 30.92 23.00 ______________________________________
TABLE 7 ______________________________________ Interplanar Degrees Relative d-Spacing (A) 2-Theta Intensity ______________________________________ 13.68 6.46 21.68 10.28 8.60 12.39 9.08 9.74 58.89 6.58 13.46 53.00 6.40 13.84 18.54 6.06 14.62 12.58 5.81 15.26 19.37 4.52 19.62 33.75 4.28 20.78 14.16 4.09 21.72 19.99 4.05 21.94 17.40 3.99 22.28 62.10 3.83 23.22 15.00 3.76 23.66 16.26 3.62 24.56 6.88 3.47 25.68 100.00 3.39 26.30 52.65 3.35 26.60 48.41 3.28 27.18 10.48 3.23 27.62 44.04 3.15 28.36 9.31 3.10 28.76 7.56 2.94 30.46 8.42 2.89 30.92 26.11 ______________________________________
The hydrogen-ion form of the calcined product of this example proves to have an Alpha Value of 100, and the following equilibrium adsorption capacities in grams/100 grams:
______________________________________ H.sub.2 O 13.6 Neopentane 4.6 n-Butane 5.3 ______________________________________
These examples demonstrate the present invention of synthesizing ZSM-5 from the required reaction mixture having a low alkalinity, high YO2 /X2 O3 molar ratio and 2-methylcyclohexylamine directing agent. When a slightly different organic is used instead of the 2-methylcyclohexylamine, and when the ratio drops below about 50, a zeolite other than ZSM-5 is the predominant product.
Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the invention which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (18)
1. A method for synthesizing crystalline material exhibiting a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima values shown in Table 1 which comprises (i) preparing a mixture capable of forming said material, said mixture comprising sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M), an oxide of trivalent element (X), an oxide of tetravalent element (Y), water and 2-methylcylcohexylamine directing agent (R), and having a composition, in terms of mole ratios, within the following ranges:
______________________________________ YO.sub.2 /X.sub.2 O.sub.3 >50 H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2 10 to 100 OH.sup.- /YO.sub.2 0 to 0.5 M/YO.sub.2 0 to 2.0 R/YO.sub.2 0.01 to 2.0 ______________________________________
(ii) maintaining said mixture under sufficient conditions until crystals of said material are formed; and (iii) recovering said crystalline material from step (ii), said recovered crystalline material containing said R.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said mixture has the following composition ranges:
______________________________________ YO.sub.2 /X.sub.2 O.sub.3 70 to 20,000 H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2 15 to 50 OH.sup.- /YO.sub.2 0 to 0.2 M/YO.sub.2 0.10 to 1.0 R/YO.sub.2 0.10 to 1.0. ______________________________________
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said mixture further comprises seed crystals in sufficient amount to enhance synthesis of said crystalline material.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said seed crystals have the structure of ZSM- 5.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said X is aluminum, boron, iron, gallium, indium or a mixture thereof, and said Y is silicon, germanium, tin or a mixture thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein X comprises aluminum and Y comprises silicon.
7. A mixture capable of forming crystals of ZSM-5 structure upon crystallization, said mixture comprising sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M), trivalent element (X) oxide selected from the group consisting of oxide of aluminum, boron, iron, gallium, indium and mixtures thereof; tetravalent element (Y) oxide selected from the group consisting of oxide of silicon, germanium, tin and mixtures thereof; water and 2-methylcyclohexylamine directing agent (R), and having a composition, in terms of mole ratios, within the following ranges:
______________________________________ YO.sub.2 /X.sub.2 O.sub.3 >50 H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2 10 to 100 OH.sup.- /YO.sub.2 0 to 0.5 M/YO.sub.2 0 to 2.0 R/YO.sub.2 0.01 to 2.0. ______________________________________
8. The method of claim 1 comprising replacing ions of the crystalline material recovered in step (iii), at least in part, by ion exchange with an ion or a mixture of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrogen precursors, rare earth metals and metals from Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements.
9. The method of claim 2 comprising replacing ions of the crystalline material recovered in step (iii), at least in part, by ion exchange with an ion or a mixture of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrogen precursors, rare earth metals and metals from Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said replacing ion is hydrogen or a hydrogen precursor.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein said replacing ion is hydrogen or a hydrogen precursor.
12. The recovered crystalline material of claim 1.
13. The recovered crystalline material of claim 2.
14. The R-containing product crystalline material of claim 8.
15. The R-containing product crystalline material of claim 9.
16. The R-containing product crystalline material of claim 10.
17. The R-containing product crystalline material of claim 11.
18. A method for synthesizing crystalline material having the structure of ZSM- 5 which comprises (i) preparing a mixture capable of forming said material, said mixture comprising sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M); an oxide of trivalent element (X) selected form the group consisting of aluminum, boron, iron, indium, gallium, and combinations thereof; and oxide of tetravalent element (Y) selected from the group consisting of silicon, tin, germanium, and combinations thereof; water and 2-methylcyclohexylamine directing agent (R); and having a composition, in terms of mole ratios, within the following ranges:
______________________________________ YO.sub.2 /X.sub.2 O.sub.3 >50 H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2 10 to 100 OH.sup.- /YO.sub.2 0 to 0.5 M/YO.sub.2 0 to 2.0 R/YO.sub.2 0.01 to 2.0 ______________________________________
(ii) maintaining said mixture under sufficient conditions until crystals of said material are formed; and (iii) recovering said crystalline material from step (ii), said recovered crystalline material having a formula on an anhydrous basis and in terms of moles of oxides per y moles of YO2 as follows:
(0.1 to 1.1)M.sub.2 O:(0.5 to 3.5)R:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(y)YO.sub.2
wherein y is at least about 50.
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