Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
  • Y10S430/13—Antibronze agent or process
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
  • Y10S430/162—Protective or antiabrasion layer

Definitions

• the present invention relates to photographic silver halide materials containing compounds able to reduce the formation of silver sludge in photographic processing solutions.
• this sludge formation is due to ingredients present in the photographic material which are leached out by the developing solution in which they form a deposit or, in the case they are soluble in the alkaline developer, are transferred to the fixing and washing arrangement where they precipitate in the form of a sludge.
• Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai) 61-13244 discloses the use of a wide variety of heterocyclic mercapto compounds present in a non-light sensitive layer at the same side of the emulsion layer of a black-and-white photographic material.
• the present invention represents an extension of the teachings in which an anti-sludging agent is present in the photographic material itself.
• a photographic material comprising a support, at least one silver halide emulsion layer, and a non-light sensitive colloid layer, situated at the same side of the support and farther from said support than said emulsion layer, and containing a compound corresponding to following general formula (I): ##STR2## wherein: Ball represents a ballast group preventing the diffusion of the compound out of the non-light sensitive colloid layer, e.g. a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of at least nine carbon atoms, or an aromatic nucleus bearing alkyl substituents containing together at least five carbon atoms;
• L represents a divalent linking group e.g. --O--, --S--, --CO--NR 1 --, --NR 2 --CO--NR 3 --, --SO 2 --NR 4 --, --O--CR 5 R 6 --CO--NH-- wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 represents hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl;
• Z represents the necessary atoms to close a heterocyclic ring, e.g. imidazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, triazole, tetrazole, indazole, uracil and hydantoin with the proviso that said heterocyclic group contains no mercapto substituent.
• heterocyclic NH-containing ring is chosen from the list of benzimidazole, 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole.
• useful compounds according to general formula (I) include: ##STR3##
• the size distribution of the silver halide particles of the photographic emulsions to be used in connection with the present invention can be homodisperse or heterodisperse.
• the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion can be a negative or a direct positive working emulsion.
• the emulsion can be a so-called primitive emulsion, in other words an emulsion that has not been chemically sensitized or it can be chemically sensitized as described e.g. in the above-mentioned "Chimie et Physique Photographique” by P. Glafkides, in the above-mentioned "Photographic Emulsion Chemistry" by G. F. Duffin, in above-mentioned “Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion” by V. L. Zelikman et al. and in "Die Grundlagen der Photographischen mit Silberhalogeniden” edited by H.
• chemical sensitization can be carried out by effecting the ripening in the presence of small amounts of compounds containing sulphur e.g. thiosulphate, thiocyanate, thioreas, sulphites, mercapto compounds, and rhodamines.
• sulphur e.g. thiosulphate, thiocyanate, thioreas, sulphites, mercapto compounds, and rhodamines.
• the emulsions can be sensitized also by means of gold-sulphur ripeners or by means of reductors e.g. tin compounds as described in GB 789,823, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidine-sulphinic acids, and silane compounds.
• the emulsions can contain internal electron traps. Phase bounderies in so-called core-shell emulsions can act as electron traps. Metal dopants such as Pb, Cd, Hg, Pd, Tl, Ru, Rh, Ir, Bi and Cu can function as well as internal electron traps.
• the binder is a hydrophilic colloid, preferably gelatin.
• Gelatin can, however, be replaced in part or integrally by synthetic, semi-synthetic, or natural polymers.
• the gelatin can be lime-treated or acid-treated gelatin. The preparation of such gelatin types has been described in e.g. "The Science and Technology of Gelatin", edited by A. G. Ward and A. Courts, Academic Press 1977, page 295 and next pages.
• the gelatin can also be an enzyme-treated gelatin as described in Bull. Soc. Sci. Phot. Japan, No. 16, page 30 (1966).
• the binder of the photographic element can be hardened with appropriate hardening agents such as those of the epoxide type, those of the ethylenimine type, those of the vinylsulfone type e.g. 1,3-vinylsulphonyl-2-propanol, chromiun salts e.g. chromium acetate and chromium alum, aldehydes e.g. formaldehyde, glyoxal, and glutaraldehyde, N-methylol compounds e.g. dimethylolurea and methyloldimethylhydantoin. dioxan derivatives e.g.
• polyethylene glycol polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol condensation products, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers or polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol sorbitan esters, polyalkylene glycol alkylamines or alkylamides, silicone-polyethylene oxide adducts, glycidol derivatives, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl esters of saccharides; anionic agents comprising an acid group such as a carboxy, sulpho, phospho, sulphuric or phosphoric ester group; ampholytic agents such as aminoacids, aminoalkyl sulphonic acids, aminoalkyl sulphates or phosphates, alkyl betaines, and amine-N-oxides; and cationic agents such as alkylamine salts, aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts, aliphatic or heterocyclic ring
• the photographic element of the present invention may further comprise various other additives such as e.g. compounds improving the dimensional stability of the photographic element, antistatic agents, spacing agents and plasticizers.
• Antistatic agents can be used in one or more of the layers on the emulsion side or in a backing layer.
• Suitable additives for improving the dimensional stability of the photographic element are e.g. dispersions of a water-soluble or hardly soluble synthetic polymer e.g. polymers of alkyl(meth)acrylates, alkoxy(meth)acrylates, glycidyl (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides, vinyl esters, acrylonitriles, olefins, and styrenes, or copolymers of the above with acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, Alpha-Beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, sulphoalkyl (meth)acrylates, and styrene sulphonic acids.
• the presence of these compounds can minimize the amount of binder needed per square meter in order the minimize the curl when using no compensating backing layers.
• Spacing agents can be present of which, in general, the average particle size is comprised between 0.2 and 10 micron. Suitable spacing agents can be made e.g. of polymethyl methacrylate, of copolymers of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate. Other suitable spacing agents have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,614,708. Spacing agents can also serve as matting agents.
• the support of the photographic material may be opaque or transparent, e.g. a paper support or resin support.
• a paper support preference is given to one coated at one or both sides with an Alpha-olefin polymer, e.g. a polyethylene layer which optionally contains an anti-halation dye or pigment.
• an organic resin support e.g. cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, polyvinyl acetal film, polystyrene film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polycarbonate film, polyvinylchloride film or poly-Alpha-olefin films such as polyethylene or polypropylene film.
• the thickness of such organic resin film is preferably comprised between 0.07 and 0.35 mm.
• These organic resin supports are preferably coated with a subbing layer which can contain water insoluble particles such as silica or titanium dioxide.
• the photographic materials of the present invention can be exposed in any convenient way according to their particular application, e.g. by daylight or by artificial light like tungsten light, xenon, metal-halogen lamps, quartz-halogen lamps, by laser sources or invisible radiation like ultraviolet, X-rays and infrared.
• the processing of the photographic materials of the present invention proceeds according to specifications dependent on the particular use of the material.
• the developer in which sludge formation is reduced by the compounds used in accordance with the invention can contain the usual photographic ingredients. So one or more developing agents can be present e.g. hydroquinone and derivatives, 3-pyrazolidinone derivatives like 1-phenyl-5-pyrazolidinone ("Phenidone") and analogues, aminophenols, hydroxylamin, hydrazine derivatives, ascorbic acid and analogues, and p-phenylene derivatives in the case of colour development.
• the alkali is usually potassium or sodium hydroxide.
• Buffering agents, organic solvents, wetting agents, development accelerating agents and sequestering agents can be present. Hardening agents of different chemical classes as enumerated above can be present, as it is the case with the numerous classes of stabilizers and anti-foggants cited above.
• a control photographic material (A) containing no anti-sludging agent was prepared as follows.
• a silver iodobromide emulsion consisting of 97% of bromide and 3% of iodide was prepared by a conventional double jet technique.
• the emulsion was flocculated, washed, redispersed and chemically sensitized to an optimal fog-speed ratio by means of conventional sulphur and gold ripening agents. Then the emulsion was spectrally sensitized to the green spectral region.
• suitable amounts of 1-phenyl-5-mercapto-tetrazole and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene were added.
• a photographic developer was prepared containing following ingredients

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

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Cited By (4)

Citations (3)

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• 1991
  • 1991-06-24 EP EP91201605A patent/EP0520092A1/en not_active Withdrawn
• 1992
  • 1992-06-01 US US07/891,744 patent/US5187054A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-06-19 JP JP4186107A patent/JPH05232614A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (3)

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