US518618A

US518618A - mendes

Info

Publication number: US518618A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1894-04-24
Anticipated expiration: 1911-04-24

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I.

H. MENDES. APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS.

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H. MEN DES. APPARATUS FOR 000mm LIQUIDS.

"No. 518,618. PatentedApr. 24, 1894.

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APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS. No. 518,618. Patented Apr. 24, 1894.

N-rrnn rnrns HENRI MENDES, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 518,618, dated April 24, 1894. Application filed January 30, 1894. $erial No. 498,432. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

paratus are the Be it known that I, HENRI MENDns, a citizen of France, and a resident of Paris, France,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling Liquids, of which the following is aspecification. The devices usually used in the arts for cooling liquids consisted essentially of a serpentine tube in various shape or of flat receptacles with double bottoms. These devices havethe defect that they present a small area in cross-section for the passage of the liquid circulating therein. Their surfaces are not fully utilized for efiecting changes in temperature and special devices are required for agitatingthe liquids into which said devices are placed. Non-efiective parts can not be avoided and the functioning is not perfect. The object of myinvention is to provide a new and improved apparatus for changing the temperature of liquids, which is devoid of the above defects, requires no agitators for the liquid into which the apparatus is placed and in which the contact surfaces are utilized to the greatest advantage.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification-F1gure 1 1s a vertical detail longitudinal sectional view of the hollow bearing for one end of the tubular shaft. Fig. 2 is a detail vertical longitudinal sectional view of the tubular shaft and the chambers formed thereon, parts being in elevation. Fig. 3 is a side-view of one of the apertured partitions in one of the chambers. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of my improved apparatus for cooling liquids. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the same. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of my improved cooling apparatus especially adapted for cooling mother lyes by means of artificial cold. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are vertical transverse sectional views of the same on the lines 7-7, and 8-8, Fig. 6. i

Similar letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The liquids to be used in my improved apcooling liquid which is preferably produced by means of a freezing machine and the liquid to be cooled, which may have any desired composition, and may be sweet or saline, for example such as mother lyes.

In the use of the apparatus for treating mother lye, the mother lye is always the liquid to be cooled and by cooling the same the sulphate of soda contained therein is obtained.

The temperature changers or chambers E are lens -shaped and are composed of two dished sheet-metal disks a and I), placed so in relation to each other that the concavities or hollows of the disks face each other, the edges being united. A space is thus formed between the two disks which is subdived into two compartments 0: and 2 by a partition or diaphragm c placed between the disks. The communication between the two compartments on and z is established by apertures 01 arranged along the periphery of the said diaphragm or partition. The several chambers E are fixed on a tubular shaft F composed of a series of sections which are attached to the chambers E in such a manner that they all are in communication. The hollow shaft F, not onlyunites the several chambers but also gives accessof the cooling liquid to the chambers by means of the central apertures e in the outer walls of said chambers. The said shaft and the chambers thereon can be rotated by any suitable devices. Each end of the shaft F is mounted in a support or bearing G, which is also constructed as a conductor for the cooling liquid. Slots 7' are formed in each end part of the shaft to permit the liquid to pass from the compartment 25 in the support G into the hollow shaft and each support has a stuffing-box to prevent the escape of liquid. For the purpose of strengthening the device and to pre vent deformation or displacement of parts a solid shaft or rod 9 is passed centrally through the hollow shaft F and is connected with the center of each partition or diaphragm c and forms an annular passage for the liquid in the shaft F. As the diaphragms or partitions 0 are securely held in place on the shaft g, by means of nuts, the rigidity of the entire device is greatly increased. The cooling liquid, which is pumped or forced by any suitable means,passes through the hollow support and through the slots into one end of the hollow shaft and from the same passes into one compartment of the first chamber E, in which it spreads and in passing from the center to the rim spreads over one side of the diaphragm and the inner surface of one disk of the chamber and passes through the apertures 01 into the second compartment, through which it passes in the inverse direction from the rim to the center, and again passes into the hollow shaft F and into the next chamber and so on, until it finally passes out through the hollow support G opposite the one at which it entered. It is immaterial whether the cooling liquid is sucked or forced by the pump, but should always travel in a direction inversely to that of theliquid to be cooled.

The vat B serves for receiving the liquid to be cooled and contains the above described temperature changers or chambers and their shaft. It has the shape of a rectangular body with a halfround bottom and is divided into compartments by the transverse partitions h extending to near the bottom and serving to retard the flow of the liquid to be cooled, through said vat. Said partitions also serve as supports for the hollow rotating shaft carrying the chambers E. r

In case the above described apparatusis to beused for treating mother lye, for the purpose of obtaining the sulphate of soda contained therein several changes are necessary and the vat B is replaced by a crystallizing tank C shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. Said tank 0 contains the mother lye to be cooled and in said tank G the shaft F and the chambersE thereon are arranged. It also contains theextractin g mechanism. Said tank is rectangular in shape and has the bottom parts of its side walls curved and in the bottom part of the tank a collecting channel K is formed which extends the entire length of the tank and in the same, the screw conveyer I is mounted. The same is also at one side of a Vertical longitudinal plane through the shaft F. The tank is divided into compartments by the partition h, in the manner previously described. At one end ofthe tank a separate compartment is arranged which is designated as the extraction chamber y. It is trapezoidal in section and shaped to receive the extracting mechanism. The end walls of the tank 0 have stuffing-boxes for the tubular shaft F and the ends of said shaft are mounted in the hollowsupports or bearings G G constructed in the manner previously described. The mother lye is conducted into the tank 0 through the pipe 1, and leaves the same through the pipe 2 also arranged at the top of the tank.

The cooling liquid passes through the apparatus in the inverse direction entering through the tube 3 in the support G and passing off through the tube 4 in the support G The movable scrapers m are held by their own weight against the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the chambers E, between which said scrapers are arranged Vertically above the conveyer-screw K. The scrapers are mounted by means of hinges on the horichain are all'driven from the same source of power, so that their movements have a certain relation to each other. The worm r, transmits motion by means of the wormwheel s fixed on said shaft F, and from said shaft F the conveyer screw I and the bucket chain are operated by any suitable well-known means.

By the continued simultaneous action of the above parts, and the consequent circulation of the cooling liquid in the chambers E, the temperature of the mother lye is materially reduced. This cooling causes a molecular transformation to take place in the mother lye andthe sulphate of soda is separated therefrom in the form of fine crystals, and a precipitate. The deposits, crystals, &c., which the scrapers scrape from the sides of the chambers E, during the rotation of said chambers, sink to the. bottom and upon the in clined floor of the tank 0 and pass into the collecting channel from where the conveyer screw conveys them into the extraction chamber y. The bucket chain p, raises the crystals and deposits, and while they are being raised the mother lye can drip off. They drop from the topof the bucket chain upon the inclined chute g which guides them to a suitable receptacle.

The elevating of the products and the separation of the sulphate of soda are accomplished withoutthe use of manual labor, continuously and automatically. The apparatus may also be used in such a manner that mother lye of the temperature of the surrounding air is given'a preliminary cooling by means of a mother lye, which has been cooled in this apparatus, so that in this case one mother lye is the cooling liquid and another mother lye, the liquid to be cooled. The mother lye that has been partially cooled is then conducted through a second apparatus in which it is cooled by means of artificially produced cold until separation or crystallization takes place. The cost of cooling the mother lye is thereby greatly reduced.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, the combination with a vat for receiving the liquid to be cooled, of a rotative hollow shaft mounted in said vat, and supporting lens shaped hollow chambers communicating with said shaft, through which shaft and chambers the cooling liquid circulates, substantially as set forth. I I J 2. In an apparatus for cooling combination with a vat for receiving the liquid to be cooled, of a rotative hollow shaft liquids, the

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mounted therein, a series of lens-shaped chambers mounted on said shaft, each being composed of two dished disks and a partition between them, which partition has apertures at its rim, substantially as set forth.

3. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, the combination with a vat for receiving the liquid to be cooled, of a hollow shaft mounted therein, which is composed of a series of tubular sections, a series of lens-shaped chambers fixed between the ends of the tubular sections, and communicating therewith, an apertured partition arranged centrally in each chamber, a rod passed cent-rally through the tubular shaft and fastened to said central partitions, through which hollow shaft and chambers the cooling liquid circulates, substantially as set forth.

4. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, the combination with a vat for receiving the liquid to be cooled, of a tubular rotative shaft arranged in the same, a series of lens-shaped chambers mounted on the same and communicating therewith, through which shaft and chambers the cooling liquid circulates, and scrapers resting on the sides of said chambers, substantially-as set forth.

5. The combination, with a vat having a bottom channel, of a rotative tubular shaft mounted in said vat, lens-shaped chambers mounted on said shaft and in communication therewith, a con veyer screw in said channel, a chamber at one end of the vat and in communication therewith, a bucket chain in said end chamber, and means for operating the tubular shaft, conveyer screw and bucket chain from one source of power, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRI MENDEs.

Witnesses:

CLYDE SHROPSI-IIRE, J OSEPBI LACORTE.