US515942A - scates - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. R. SOATES; OPEN FIREPLACE PURNAUB OR HEATER.

No. 515,942. Patented Mar. 6, 1894.

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G. R. SGATES. OPEN FIREPLACE FURNACE OR HEATER.

No. 515,942. Patented Mar. 6, 1894.

@0000. dvvvv. 0006001 0000 I I 'I in annual. muoam um :cmnmr. "mm B 17 UNITED STATES PATENT FFlE@ GEORGE BANDAULPH SCATES, OF KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE, ASSIGNOR TO S. H. GEORGE, GEORGE E. SOATES, M. D. ARNOLD, AND SETH ARNOLD,

OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,942, dated March 6, 1894. Application filed April 29, 1893, Serial No. 472,346. (lie model.)

To call whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Gnonen RANDAULPH SGATES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Knoxville, in the county of Knox and State of Tennessee, have invented a new and useful Open-Fireplace Furnace or Heater, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates, to that class of furnaces or heaters adapted to be located in fireplaces; and the objects in view are to provide a furnace or heater of this class embodying simplicity of construction as well as durabilityof parts, the same being so constructed and arranged as to utilize to the fullest extent the products of combustion for heating purposes and for the radiation of hot-air to dififerent points of a house; to provide for a saving of fuel; for a quick kindling of the same; and for a thorough control of all the parts.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in certain features of construction hereinafter specified and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings-Figure 1 is vertical longitudinalsectional view of a heater or furnace constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional View through the heating-drum. Fig. 4 is a top plan view. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section through the furnace supporting bars.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

1 designates the first-floor, and 2 the secend-floor of a building, and 3 the chimney which is as usual formed of brick and extends from the cellar to the roof through the floors 1 and 2, and divides, with the addition of the usual wall, the compartment between the floors 1 and 2 into rooms at opposite sides of the chimney.

I have herein shown, and the device is principally applicable to, houses or compartments of four rooms, though, as will hereinafter appear, the same principle may be utilized in larger heaters or furnaces, and through the medium of proper conducting pipes, heat may be carried to distant rooms. On a level with the first floor 1, iron bars or beams 4 are located inthebrickwork of the chimney andtransverse the same, and upon thisbrick work is seated the heater or furnace hereinafter described. In one of the rooms of the first door the chimneybreast is provided with the usual opening 5, which extends from a point below the mantel to the floor, and the opposite room is likewise provided with an opening 6 near the floor, which is in this instance covered by the usual fireboard 7. Ametal fireboard 8, best shown in Figs. 1 and 2, covers the opening 5 in the chimney-breast, and said fire-board is provided at each side of its horizontal center with parallel ways 0 in which sliding doors 10 are located, the same being provided in this instance with isinglass-covered openings. Below the ways and doors just mentioned the board is provided with an opening 11, and arranged temporarily in front of the same and in a removable manner is a hood or fender 12 having a hand-held 13, by which it may be removed and replaced, and also provided at its front with a damper 14. The upper portion of the board 8 that is above the ways 9 is provided with perforations designed to close through the medium of a damper 15, thus in a manner hereinafter described controlling the heat discharged into the room in which the heater or furnace is located.

The furnace or heater proper comprises three metal sections, the lower one being designated as the grate or pit-section 16, the second or middle-section being designated as the firepot section 17, and the third or upper section being designated as the dome-section 18. The sections 16 and 17 have their upper ends provided with surrounding grooves or seats 19, and in these are seated the lower ends of the sections 17 and 18. The structure as thus assembled is through the medium of bolts, secured to the fireboard S, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. The lower section 16 has its floor or bottom 20 provided with perforations 21, and below the same there is arranged a funnel 22 which communicates with the upper end of an ash-pipe 23 that leads to the basement or cellar below, so that ashes may be discharged from the grate above directly to the cellar and thus avoid the necessity of carrying the same through the house to be deposited elsewhere.

Upon pins 24 or other suitable rests, there is supported the grate 25, the said pins projecting from the wall of the section 16; and above the grate in the section 1'7, a suitable wall 26 of firebrick is provided. A deflecting hood 27 is located at the upper end of the section 17, and is provided with depending sup porting terminals 28 which are pivoted as at 29 in said section. This hood may be swung to the rear against the back-wall of the section 17 and thus deflect the products of combustion toward the front of the section and around the front edge of the hood before reaching the dome 18; or on the other hand, the hood may be swung to the front, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, so as to permit the products of combustion to rise bodily and vertically directly into the dome, all for a purpose hereinafter apparent. YVhen swung to the front the hood rests upon the upper edge of the section 16 and is hidden from view by the fire-board 8.

The fender 12 may be decorated or ornamented in any suitable manner and is preferably nickle-plated so as to give to the heater a finished appearance and conform to the exterior of the fireboard 8, and by the use of this fender in conjunction with the fireboard the entire heater or furnace is hidden from View. Particularly is this desirable with relation to the lower portion of the furnace or heater which as is well known, is next to impossible to be kept clean owing to the frequent dropping of ashes and cinders. From the rear end of the hood at the center thereof leads the draft-pipe 30, the same extending through the chimney and through the upper closed end of a hot-air storage-drum 31, which is located in the contracted part of the chimney at the intersection of the floor 2. The chimney itself, as well as the drum, is provided with heat-disch arging openings 32 which are closed by suitable dampers 33. At the opening 34 at the upper end of the dome with which the draft-pipe 3O communicates, a damper 35 is located, the same being mounted upon a crank-shaft 36, best shown in Fig. 4, which is operated through the me dium of an operating-rod 37, which extends to the front and through the fireboard 8. At the rear of the section 16, near the lower end thereof, an opening 38, is formed, and from the same leads a pipe 39, the same extending backward to a point near the rear Wall of the chimney, thence upward toa point above the dome and forward where it communicates with an opening 40 formed in the draft-pipe 30 just above the damper 35. A damper 41, is suspended over the opening 38 in the grate-section 16, and upon a crankshaft 42,which shaft may be operated through the medium of a rod 43, that extends forward and terminates in a handle beyond the fireboard 8.

Located in the space encompassed by the pipe 39 and the heater or furnace proper, is a heating-drum 44, the same being oval or elliptical in cross-section and provided at its ends with cast-metal heads 45, which are secured in position upon the drum through the medium of a longitudinally-disposed tie-rod 46, that projects through holes formedin the heads, and beyond said heads is suitably nutted.

At each side of the point of communication of the draft-pipe 30 with the dome 18, short pipes 46 are located, the same leading from the dome-section to the upper side of the heating-drum, and a similar pipe 47 leads from the under side and center of the drum to the lower portion of the pipe 39 immediately in rear of the damper 41.

A short distance below the floor-line 1, and therefore below the furnace or heater, a metal diaphragm or partition 48, is located in the chimney, thus shutting-off or dividing the same transversely, and preventing ashes and dust from rising from the cellar up into the furnace.

At a point above the diaphragm 48 and below the floor 1 a cold-air inlet-pipe 49, is passed through an opening 50, in the chimney-wall, said pipe having its end opened and being designed to induce cold-air from the outer atmosphere and feed the same around the back of the furnace proper the heating-drum 44 and the pipes and up into the storage-drum 31, from which it is dispensed to the upper floors. This completes the construction of the heater or furnace, and the operation of the same under the control of the various dampers described is as follows: hen the fire is first built or kindled, in order to get a direct tip-draft, the sliding doors 10 are closed and the fender 12 either wholly removed or its damper 14 opened so that air is fed to the bottom of the grate in the usual manner. The deflector 27 is swung to the front so as to be out of the path of the products and the damper 35 is opened so that said products will rise directly through the draft-pipe and out. The damper 38 is also closed so that all of the air admitted to the bottom of the furnace must pass upward through the body of coal therein. After the fire has been sufficiently kindled and it is desired to create and throw out heat from the furnace, the damper 35 is closed, as is also the damper 38, and the deflector 27 swung to its uppermost or operative position. The products are now deflected to the front of the deflector and to the dome, gaining access to the latter at the front, whereby the entire surface of the dome is exposed to the action of the products and thus heated, the heat of the dome being radiated to the air surrounding the same. After leaving the dome the products pass down through the pipes 46 to the heating-drum 44, thence through the lower pipe thereof to the pipe 39, and following the same are conducted to the draft-pipe 30 at a point above the damper 35, where they are IIO discharged in the usual manner. It will be seen that no direct draft now exists, but that the products are carried in a tortuous manner imparting their heat to the various pipes and the drum through which they pass, which parts radiate the heat thus imparted to the body of fresh-air constantly rising from the discharge end of the pipe d9. Although no direct draft exists yet all gases are carried with the products in this manner and will not discharge into the room through any of the heat-openings of the furnace. When it is desired to decrease the heat or cool off the furnace this may be readily accomplished by opening the damper 38 so. that what air does gain access to the lower part of the furnace is carried directly under the grate instead of upwardly through it, and is conducted by the pipe 39 to the draft-pipe. This is usually the state of the dampers during the night when it is desired to preserve and economize the fuel without'entirely stopping the giving-0d of heat. Of course it will be understood that the fender 12 and sliding-doors are operated in the usual manner, that is, when it is desired to add fuel the door 10 is slid sidewise, thus giving access to the entire fire-pot, and in a like manner said doors are slid sidewise when it is desired to expose the fire, either for its pleasant effect or for the purpose of cooling 0E the furnace. The fender 12 usually stays in position thus covering up the unsightly and usually ash covered floor of the lower section of the furnace, but when a great draft is desired, as in buildinga quick fire, it may be removed temporarily. Through the medium of the registers 15 additional heat may be discharged into the room in which the furnace or heater is located.

From the foregoing description in connection with the accompanying drawings it will be seen that I have provided a very simple and economical construction of furnace, one in which the fuel may be readily economized, which has an extensive heating surface in comparison with its capacity and size, which is adapted-to discharge fresh pure heated air into the rooms, which cannot discharge by any misconception of the functions and uses of the dampers gases into the compartments or rooms, and which utilizes to the fullest extent all heated products resulting from the fire.

Having described my invention, what I claim isa 1. The combination with a furnace having its dome extended beyond the line of the firepot and provided with two openings, and a draft-pipe extending upward from one of the openings, of a pipe 39 leading from the lower end of the furnace below the grate and extending up the chimney and communicating with the draft-pipe abovethe dome,a damper at the intersection of the draft-pipe and dome, a damper 41 at the inner end of the pipe 39, the drum 44: directly in rear of the furnace and embraced on the opposite side by the pipe 39, and the short pipes 46 and 47, the former connecting the dome and drum and the latter the drum and pipe 39, substantially as specified.

2. The combination with the chimney havin g the lower horizontal partition arranged in the chimney, and air-inlet openings for the chimney above the partition, of supporting bars arranged in the chimney, a furnace seated thereon and provided with a perforated floor, a funnel depending from the perforated door, and a pipe extending through the partition, substantially as specified.

3. The chimney having the lower horizontalpartitiou 4:8, air-inlet pipe 49 for the chimney above the partition, supporting bars arranged in the chimney, and a furnace seated thereon, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aflixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE RANDAULPH SCATES.

Witnesses:

J. H. SIGGERS, E. G. SIGGERS.

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