US5153317A - Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet - Google Patents

Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5153317A
US5153317A US07/792,839 US79283991A US5153317A US 5153317 A US5153317 A US 5153317A US 79283991 A US79283991 A US 79283991A US 5153317 A US5153317 A US 5153317A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gum
parts
composition
rheology
alginate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/792,839
Inventor
Theresa M. Ortega
Philip E. Winston, Jr.
Kenneth Clare
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Co
Original Assignee
Merck and Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck and Co Inc filed Critical Merck and Co Inc
Priority to US07/792,839 priority Critical patent/US5153317A/en
Assigned to MERCK & CO., INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY reassignment MERCK & CO., INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CLARE, KENNETH, ORTEGA, THERESA M., WINSTON, PHILIP E., JR.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5153317A publication Critical patent/US5153317A/en
Assigned to MONSANTO COMPANY reassignment MONSANTO COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MERCK & CO., INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/39—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using acid dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/48—Derivatives of carbohydrates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/48—Derivatives of carbohydrates
    • D06P1/50—Derivatives of cellulose

Definitions

  • Fabric printing involves the transfer of colorants (dyes) to fabric (which is defined for the purposes of this invention as relatively smooth flat textiles) and differs from conventional fabric "dyeing."
  • dyeing the object is to impart uniform color throughout the fabric, while in fabric printing the object is to place a recognizable colored design on the fabric or to impart color to only a limited area of the fabric.
  • Fabric printing involves a number of problems not found in conventional dyeing processes. Every design is formed of discreet lines and limited areas of color which must be clearly defined. Commonly designs involve a plurality of colors, each of which must be clearly separated from the other colors of the design. Thus it is necessary for a printing composition to be able to produce "fine line definition" in which the individual lines of the design are clearly and sharply defined with no significant "bleeding” or “smearing” which would detract from the clarity of the line and the sharpness of the design. The same is true of areas of color, which must have precise boundaries and, in "wet-on-wet” printing processes, not allow one color to bleed into a neighboring color.
  • Carpet printing is basically similar, but since carpet is (for the purposes of this invention) considered to be a relatively thick textile with a clearly defined pile, some practical aspects of the printing are different from those of fabric printing. Principally, it is important in carpet printing to insure that the colorant penetrates into the pile down to the base of the carpet without spreading laterally; i.e., that it retains the pattern or color area definition. It must also have a higher degree of rheologic and heat stability so that the dye does not run off the tops of the pile fibers when the dyes are fixed on the carpet by conventional steaming.
  • the colorant compositions may be applied by a variety of different devices, depending on the particular industry and type of fabric involved. Commonly one uses rotary printing presses, in which a colorant paste is forced through a porous pattern in contact with the fabric, in a manner analogous to silk screen printing, for the flat fabrics. Carpet printing is often done with devices such as jet printing machines in which the colorant composition is projected in a narrowly defined jet against the fabric and the printing head follows a pre-defined path to "draw" the design on the carpet and cause the dye to penetrate into the pile.
  • the jet printers themselves may be of two different types; in one type the stream of colorant forming the jet runs continuously and the stream is diverted mechanically or pneumatically from the fabric into a recycle path as the printing head traverses portions of the fabric where no design is desired, while in the other the colorant jet is turned on as the head passes the areas of the fabric where the design is to be imparted and turned off while the jet traverses areas of the fabric where no design is to be placed.
  • the dyes themselves can be of different compositions.
  • One principal class of dyes widely used is the "reactive" dyes, which are dye compounds which react chemically with the fibers of the fabric, thus forming a permanent color pattern, and which are preferentially used with natural fiber textiles.
  • Another common class is the acid dyes, used principally with synthetic fiber textiles.
  • control components are also excessively reactive with the dye compounds themselves, such that when the colorant composition is applied to the textile a portion of the dye reacts preferentially with the rheology control component rather than with the fabric, so that when the fabric is later washed that portion of the dye is removed from the textile leaving a significantly degraded design and wasting substantial amounts of dye. Since the dye is commonly the most expensive part of any colorant composition, this not only results in a poorly printed product but also is quite uneconomical.
  • rheology control agents which can be incorporated into fabric and carpet printing compositions and which will allow for fine line definition, essentially full color transfer to the textile and versatility of use in a variety of different printing devices. It is an object of this invention to provide such rheology control agents and colorant compositions incorporating such agents which are useful in a wide variety of fabric and carpet printing applications.
  • the invention herein resides in a composition for controlling rheology of an aqueous dye which composition comprises 1-30 parts, preferably 2-25 parts, and more preferably 5-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 75-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate. (All percentages and parts defined herein are by weight unless stated to be otherwise.)
  • the invention resides in a color imparting composition for fabric printing which comprises 90-99% of an aqueous dye component and 1-10% of a rheology control component, the rheology control component comprising 1-30 parts, preferably 2-20 parts, and more preferably 5-15 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 80-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
  • the invention resides in a color imparting composition for carpet printing which comprises 90-99% of an aqueous dye component and 1-10% of a rheology control component, the rheology control component comprising 1-30 parts, preferably 5-30 parts, and more preferably 8-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 70-95 parts, and more preferably 80-92 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
  • the invention resides in a method of controlling the rheology of an aqueous dye composition which comprises incorporating into the composition 1-10% of a rheology control component which comprises 1-30 parts, preferably 2-25 parts, and more preferably 5-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 75-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
  • a rheology control component which comprises 1-30 parts, preferably 2-25 parts, and more preferably 5-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 75-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
  • the rheology control agents of the present invention are based on the unexpected discovery that combinations of components which are themselves individually of limited utility or even not useful as colorant component rheology control agents are when combined in specific proportions able to form highly effective rheology control agents for a wide variety of colorant compositions useful in many different applications and with different types of printing equipment.
  • the first component of the compositions herein is a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum or mixtures thereof.
  • xanthan gum as used herein is meant the extracellularly produced gum made by the heteropolysaccharide-producing bacterium Xanthomonas campestris by the whole culture fermentation of a variety of conditions of a medium comprising a fermentable carbohydrate, a nitrogen source and other appropriate nutrients.
  • examples of commercially available xanthan gum are "KELTROL® T”, “KELTROL® F”, “KELZAN® AR” and “KELZAN®”, available from Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
  • a preferred form of xanthan gum utilized in the invention is that which has been clarified by any of several known clarification processes. Clarified xanthan gum such as “KELTROL® T” and “K5B143” (products of Kelco Division of Merck and Company, Inc.) is commercially available. As defined herein clarified xanthan gum is that which has a 1% (wt./vol.) solution (deionized water) transmittance of not less than 85%, measured on a Bausch & Lomb "SPECTRONIC" photometer, model 21 (600 mm., 25° C., 10 mm. cell).
  • welan gum is a water-soluble polysaccharide produced by the fermentation of Alcaligenes spp. Welan gum is stable over a wide range of viscosities and at temperatures up to about 150° C. (300° F.). Welan gum is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,866. A typical welan gum is that available commercially under the trade designation "K1A96" from Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
  • the third gum useful in the present invention is rhamsan gum.
  • Rhamsan gum is a microbial polysaccharide also produced from Alcaligenes spp. which is highly pseudoplastic, has a stable viscosity over a range of pH of 2-12 and at temperatures up to about 100° C. (212° F.) and is compatible with high concentrations of salt.
  • Rhamsan gum is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,760.
  • Rhamsan gum is commercially available; a typical example is a gum sold under the trade designation "K1A112" by Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
  • the viscosity of the gum to be used will be a simple matter of selection based on the nature of the colorant composition system into which the rheology control agent is to be incorporated.
  • the other principal component of the compositions of this invention is a water-soluble polysaccharide having "alginate equivalent rheology.”
  • alginate equivalent rheology a polysaccharide whose rheologic properties in these compositions is substantially equivalent to the rheologic properties which would be exhibited by an alginate.
  • the preferred polysaccharides are the alginates themselves, because they are the only relevant class of polysaccharides which are useful with all of the applicable dyes, i.e., are the only class of polysaccharides which do not react with the reactive dyes.
  • Other polysaccharides within the class of "alginate equivalent rheology" materials are, however, useful with other dyes, especially the acid dyes, and are therefore within the scope of this invention.
  • Suitable polysaccharides include alginates (as noted), starches, cellulosic ethers, guar gum and mixtures thereof.
  • alginates useful in this invention. These are described in detail by I. W. Cottrell and P. Kovacs in "Alginates,” as Chapter 2 of Davidson, ed., Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins (1980). Most preferred herein are the sodium alginates, such as those sold commercially under the trademarks KELTEX® and KELGIN® by Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
  • the polysaccharide and gum will be present in a weight ratio in the range of 99-70 parts of polysaccharide to 1-30 parts of gum.
  • the ratio will be in the range of 98-75 parts of polysaccharide to 2-25 parts of gum, and more preferably in the range of 95-80 parts of polysaccharide to 5-20 parts of gum.
  • the entire polysaccharide/gum rheology control component will be present as from 1-10%. preferably 2-8%, of the print paste composition.
  • the specific preferred ranges will vary slightly depending on whether fabric printing or carpet printing is involved.
  • the particular dyes used in the colorant compositions of this invention will be chosen on the basis of the type of fabric to be colored and compatibility with the remaining components of the print paste composition.
  • Most preferred for the print pastes of this invention are the reactive dyes, which derive their name from the fact that they react covalently with many major natural textile fibers, including wool, the cellulosic fibers and silk.
  • the reactive dyes include colored acid chlorides, vinyl sulfones and the vinyl sulfone and triazine derivatives of anthraquinones, including the mono- and dichlorotriazinyl compounds.
  • the reactive dyes are described in detail in Kulkarni et al., supra, Section 6.7 and in Venkataraman, supra, vol. VI.
  • Another preferred class of the dyes is the acid dyes, which are so named because they are normally applied in organic or inorganic acid dyeing solutions.
  • These dyes generally are anionic dyes with relatively low molecular weight which contain one to three sulfonic acid groups and are used as salts, such as sodium salts.
  • the majority of the acid dyes are azo, anthraquinone and triarylmethane dyes. They are described in detail in Kulkarni et al., supra, Section 6.2. They find particular application with the synthetic fibers such as nylon. The particular dye of choice for any specific application may be readily selected by one skilled in the art by routine procedures. The dye will normally be present as about 2-4% of the colorant composition.
  • the colorant compositions also commonly contain small amounts of additional materials as dispersants, stabilizers, dye solubilizers and so forth.
  • the rheology control component herein preferably contains sodium hexametaphosphate (sold commercially under the trademark CALGON® by Calgon Corporation) as a sequestrant for calcium in the water present in the composition, to prevent unwanted gellation of the gum or polysaccharide.
  • the amount of the sodium hexametaphosphate present will be on the order of about 20-30% of the polysaccharide.
  • Other sequestrants include salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate.
  • composition can contain materials such as m-nitrobenzene sulfonate (sold commercially under the trademark LUDIGOL®) as an anti-reductive agent for the dye in an amount of about 1.0-1.5% of the composition, urea (10-12% of the composition) and sodium bicarbonate (about 2% of the composition.)
  • materials such as m-nitrobenzene sulfonate (sold commercially under the trademark LUDIGOL®) as an anti-reductive agent for the dye in an amount of about 1.0-1.5% of the composition, urea (10-12% of the composition) and sodium bicarbonate (about 2% of the composition.)
  • the rheology control component will preferably comprise 2-20 parts, more preferably 5-15 parts, of gum and 80-98 parts, more preferably 80-95 parts, of the water soluble polysaccharide.
  • the rheology control component will preferably comprise 5-30 parts, more preferably 8-20 parts, of gum and 70-95 parts, more preferably 80-92 parts, of the water soluble polysaccharide.
  • compositions herein are effective because under the conditions of use the gum is more pseudoplastic than the polysaccharide (i.e., it has a higher viscosity at a given temperature). This in turn imparts a greater rheologic stability to the composition than would be obtained with the polysaccharide alone.
  • the dye compositions are usually applied at ambient temperature. However, the dyes are then fixed on the fabric or carpet by steaming (usually at about 220° F./105° C. for about ten minutes). Under these latter conditions, the composition remains properly in position on the textile so that the dye color does not migrate from the tops of the fibers.
  • Colorant compositions incorporating the rheology control agents of this invention were tested in a variety of fabric printing laboratory processes which accurately simulate the effects to be obtained in commercial processes.
  • pressure printing effects were measured, using a production-size commercial rotary screen print machine.
  • Cotton fabric having a weight of 166 g/m 2 was printed with an 80 mesh screen using several different test compositions and an alginate thickener as a control. Pressure of the squeegee on the rotary screen was adjusted for each run to obtain equal pick-up of each test print paste as compared to the control.
  • compositions also included water and small conventional amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate, m-nitrobenzene sulfonate and sodium bicarbonate.
  • the dye used was a Prussian blue commercial reactive dye (from Imperial Chemical Industries). Following application of print paste in each run, the printed fabrics were dried and then fixed with steam fixation for seven minutes at 105° C. followed by hand washing to remove excess print paste and then dried prior to print evaluation.
  • the data labeled "dE” represent the measure of color differences for the test samples as compared to a standard, based on tristimulus values, according to AATCC Test Method 153-1985 (AATCC Technical Manual/1987, page 272). A higher value indicates greater color acquisition by the textile.
  • the data labeled “dL” represent the measure of difference of darkness of the pattern imparted to the textile, and is determined by subtracting the "da” and “db” color components of "dE” (see AATCC Test Method 153-1985) from the "dE” value for each sample.
  • a negative value means that the test sample was darker than the standard; i.e., that it had more dye imparted to it.
  • Viscosities reported for the compositions were measured with a Brookfield "RVT” viscometer operating at 20 rpm at 20° C. with a No. 2 spindle.
  • the comparative designations stated are “sup.” for “superior,” “eq.” for “equal” and “inf.” for “inferior”.
  • An “S.” preceding a designation indicates “slightly.”
  • the blends of this invention provide a printed fabric which has penetration, levelness and definition properties which are as good as or better than the properties of the alginate thickened control.
  • the handle of the printed fabric is equal to that of fabrics printed with the control.
  • the data show a substantially consistent improvement in the equivalent dye and color values imparted to the fabrics. This provides two alternate and substantial benefits: for the same amount of dye used an improved and increased color value can be imparted to the fabric or, alternatively, the same degree of color value can be imparted to the fabric by using significantly less dye in the print paste. Also of particular importance is the superior control of print paste penetration that the compositions of this invention uniformly provide.
  • compositions of the present invention were also run in experimental carpet printing tests using jet printing machines of both the air diversion jet type and the off/on jet type.
  • Rheology control components similar to those reported above were formed of alginate and xanthan gum in ratios of 90:10 and 85:15 and run in series with control materials having only alginate as the thickener.
  • the rheology control components also contained small amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate to provide ionic stability in the presence of the acidic dye in the colorant composition.
  • runs were compared against prior art colorants used in the jet printing devices in which the thickener is a starch. In all cases notable improvement in rheologic control resulting in improved print definition and color was observed.
  • Tailing of the colorant composition was more likely when the ratio of alginate to gum was near 70:30; as the proportion of alginate increased, the occurrence of tailing decreased. Best results were obtained when the ratio was approximately 85:15.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)

Abstract

A composition and its method of use are disclosed for controlling rheology of an aqueous dye, which composition comprises 1-30 parts of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts of a water soluble polysaccharide having aliginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate. Also disclosed is a color imparting composition for fabric or carpet printing which comprises 99-99% of an aqueous dye component and 1-10% of the rheology control component. The polysaccharide is preferably an alginate, starch, cellulosic polymer or guar gum or mixtures thereof.

Description

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/356,813, filed May 24, 1989, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The process of textile printing is utilized in a number of different industries, including the production of carpeting as well as fabrics for clothing, bedding and draperies. It is common to divide textile printing in to fabric printing and carpet printing, since while the printing principles are the same, the natures of the two types of textiles causes some variations in procedure.
Fabric printing involves the transfer of colorants (dyes) to fabric (which is defined for the purposes of this invention as relatively smooth flat textiles) and differs from conventional fabric "dyeing." In conventional dyeing processes the object is to impart uniform color throughout the fabric, while in fabric printing the object is to place a recognizable colored design on the fabric or to impart color to only a limited area of the fabric.
Fabric printing involves a number of problems not found in conventional dyeing processes. Every design is formed of discreet lines and limited areas of color which must be clearly defined. Commonly designs involve a plurality of colors, each of which must be clearly separated from the other colors of the design. Thus it is necessary for a printing composition to be able to produce "fine line definition" in which the individual lines of the design are clearly and sharply defined with no significant "bleeding" or "smearing" which would detract from the clarity of the line and the sharpness of the design. The same is true of areas of color, which must have precise boundaries and, in "wet-on-wet" printing processes, not allow one color to bleed into a neighboring color.
Also of importance is the degree of fabric penetration of an individual colorant. While with conventional dyeing it is desirable to have the color penetrate completely through the fabric so that both sides of a fabric are equally and thoroughly colored, with fabric printing the opposite is true. Normally in fabric printing the fabric designer wishes to limit the printing to one side of the fabric so that the printed designs either do not appear at all when the fabric is viewed from the opposite side (as in carpeting and some clothing) or that the visibility of the design is distinctly subdued when viewed from the opposite side of the fabric (as in some bedding). However, it is of course still important that the printed design penetrate or adhere sufficiently to the application side of the fabric such that normal wearing, washing and other intended uses of the fabric will not significantly degrade the quality and appearance of the design.
Carpet printing is basically similar, but since carpet is (for the purposes of this invention) considered to be a relatively thick textile with a clearly defined pile, some practical aspects of the printing are different from those of fabric printing. Principally, it is important in carpet printing to insure that the colorant penetrates into the pile down to the base of the carpet without spreading laterally; i.e., that it retains the pattern or color area definition. It must also have a higher degree of rheologic and heat stability so that the dye does not run off the tops of the pile fibers when the dyes are fixed on the carpet by conventional steaming.
The colorant compositions may be applied by a variety of different devices, depending on the particular industry and type of fabric involved. Commonly one uses rotary printing presses, in which a colorant paste is forced through a porous pattern in contact with the fabric, in a manner analogous to silk screen printing, for the flat fabrics. Carpet printing is often done with devices such as jet printing machines in which the colorant composition is projected in a narrowly defined jet against the fabric and the printing head follows a pre-defined path to "draw" the design on the carpet and cause the dye to penetrate into the pile. The jet printers themselves may be of two different types; in one type the stream of colorant forming the jet runs continuously and the stream is diverted mechanically or pneumatically from the fabric into a recycle path as the printing head traverses portions of the fabric where no design is desired, while in the other the colorant jet is turned on as the head passes the areas of the fabric where the design is to be imparted and turned off while the jet traverses areas of the fabric where no design is to be placed.
The dyes themselves can be of different compositions. One principal class of dyes widely used is the "reactive" dyes, which are dye compounds which react chemically with the fibers of the fabric, thus forming a permanent color pattern, and which are preferentially used with natural fiber textiles. Another common class is the acid dyes, used principally with synthetic fiber textiles.
It will be evident from the above consideration that rheology control of colorant compositions is of utmost significance, in order to allow the colorant compositions to be utilized in a variety of different application devices and to yield fabric and carpet designs which are colorfast, sharply defined and have the requisite degree of penetration.
In the past, however, only a few types of colorant composition exhibited a wide range of these properties. It was often found that rheology control components incorporated into colorant compositons were usable only in certain types of printing apparatus or with certain types of textiles or in combination with limited numbers of dyes. Further, when a control component had relatively short flow properties and fast shear recovery rate, it would not provide adequate leveling of the compositon, while another component with relatively long flow properties and slow shear recovery rate would lead to poor line definition and was difficult to use in "on/off" types of jet printing devices. Also, some control components are also excessively reactive with the dye compounds themselves, such that when the colorant composition is applied to the textile a portion of the dye reacts preferentially with the rheology control component rather than with the fabric, so that when the fabric is later washed that portion of the dye is removed from the textile leaving a significantly degraded design and wasting substantial amounts of dye. Since the dye is commonly the most expensive part of any colorant composition, this not only results in a poorly printed product but also is quite uneconomical.
It would therefore be of significant value to have rheology control agents which can be incorporated into fabric and carpet printing compositions and which will allow for fine line definition, essentially full color transfer to the textile and versatility of use in a variety of different printing devices. It is an object of this invention to provide such rheology control agents and colorant compositions incorporating such agents which are useful in a wide variety of fabric and carpet printing applications.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect the invention herein resides in a composition for controlling rheology of an aqueous dye which composition comprises 1-30 parts, preferably 2-25 parts, and more preferably 5-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 75-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate. (All percentages and parts defined herein are by weight unless stated to be otherwise.)
In another aspect the invention resides in a color imparting composition for fabric printing which comprises 90-99% of an aqueous dye component and 1-10% of a rheology control component, the rheology control component comprising 1-30 parts, preferably 2-20 parts, and more preferably 5-15 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 80-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
In yet another aspect the invention resides in a color imparting composition for carpet printing which comprises 90-99% of an aqueous dye component and 1-10% of a rheology control component, the rheology control component comprising 1-30 parts, preferably 5-30 parts, and more preferably 8-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 70-95 parts, and more preferably 80-92 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
In yet another aspect the invention resides in a method of controlling the rheology of an aqueous dye composition which comprises incorporating into the composition 1-10% of a rheology control component which comprises 1-30 parts, preferably 2-25 parts, and more preferably 5-20 parts, of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts, preferably 75-98 parts, and more preferably 80-95 parts, of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The rheology control agents of the present invention, and the novel and versatile colorant compositions which they produce, are based on the unexpected discovery that combinations of components which are themselves individually of limited utility or even not useful as colorant component rheology control agents are when combined in specific proportions able to form highly effective rheology control agents for a wide variety of colorant compositions useful in many different applications and with different types of printing equipment.
The first component of the compositions herein is a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum or mixtures thereof.
By the term "xanthan gum" as used herein is meant the extracellularly produced gum made by the heteropolysaccharide-producing bacterium Xanthomonas campestris by the whole culture fermentation of a variety of conditions of a medium comprising a fermentable carbohydrate, a nitrogen source and other appropriate nutrients. Examples of commercially available xanthan gum are "KELTROL® T", "KELTROL® F", "KELZAN® AR" and "KELZAN®", available from Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
Processes for producing xanthan gum are well known in the art and are described in a number of patents including U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,316,012, 4,352,882, 4,375,512, 3,671,398, 3,433,708, 3,271,267, 3,594,280, 3,591,578, 3,391,061, 3,020,206, 3,481,899 and 3,391,060 as well as British Patent No. 1,448,645.
A preferred form of xanthan gum utilized in the invention is that which has been clarified by any of several known clarification processes. Clarified xanthan gum such as "KELTROL® T" and "K5B143" (products of Kelco Division of Merck and Company, Inc.) is commercially available. As defined herein clarified xanthan gum is that which has a 1% (wt./vol.) solution (deionized water) transmittance of not less than 85%, measured on a Bausch & Lomb "SPECTRONIC" photometer, model 21 (600 mm., 25° C., 10 mm. cell).
Also useful in this invention is welan gum. Welan gum is a water-soluble polysaccharide produced by the fermentation of Alcaligenes spp. Welan gum is stable over a wide range of viscosities and at temperatures up to about 150° C. (300° F.). Welan gum is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,866. A typical welan gum is that available commercially under the trade designation "K1A96" from Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
The third gum useful in the present invention is rhamsan gum. Rhamsan gum is a microbial polysaccharide also produced from Alcaligenes spp. which is highly pseudoplastic, has a stable viscosity over a range of pH of 2-12 and at temperatures up to about 100° C. (212° F.) and is compatible with high concentrations of salt. Rhamsan gum is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,760. Rhamsan gum is commercially available; a typical example is a gum sold under the trade designation "K1A112" by Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
The viscosity of the gum to be used will be a simple matter of selection based on the nature of the colorant composition system into which the rheology control agent is to be incorporated.
The other principal component of the compositions of this invention is a water-soluble polysaccharide having "alginate equivalent rheology." By this term is meant a polysaccharide whose rheologic properties in these compositions is substantially equivalent to the rheologic properties which would be exhibited by an alginate. The preferred polysaccharides are the alginates themselves, because they are the only relevant class of polysaccharides which are useful with all of the applicable dyes, i.e., are the only class of polysaccharides which do not react with the reactive dyes. Other polysaccharides within the class of "alginate equivalent rheology" materials are, however, useful with other dyes, especially the acid dyes, and are therefore within the scope of this invention. Suitable polysaccharides include alginates (as noted), starches, cellulosic ethers, guar gum and mixtures thereof.
There are a wide variety of alginates useful in this invention. These are described in detail by I. W. Cottrell and P. Kovacs in "Alginates," as Chapter 2 of Davidson, ed., Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins (1980). Most preferred herein are the sodium alginates, such as those sold commercially under the trademarks KELTEX® and KELGIN® by Kelco Division of Merck & Co., Inc.
The cellulosic ethers, guar gum and starches are also widely described in the literature. The Davidson text, supra, has typical disclosures of these materials: see J. K. Seaman, "Guar Gum," Chapter 6; G. M. Powell, "Hydroxyethylcellulose," Chapter 12; and M. W. Rutenberg, "Starch and its Modifications," Chapter 22.
In the present invention the polysaccharide and gum will be present in a weight ratio in the range of 99-70 parts of polysaccharide to 1-30 parts of gum. Preferably the ratio will be in the range of 98-75 parts of polysaccharide to 2-25 parts of gum, and more preferably in the range of 95-80 parts of polysaccharide to 5-20 parts of gum. The entire polysaccharide/gum rheology control component will be present as from 1-10%. preferably 2-8%, of the print paste composition. As will be discussed below, the specific preferred ranges will vary slightly depending on whether fabric printing or carpet printing is involved.
The particular dyes used in the colorant compositions of this invention will be chosen on the basis of the type of fabric to be colored and compatibility with the remaining components of the print paste composition. There are many types of dyes useful for textile printing; various classes of dyes are described in Kulkarni et al., Textile Dyeing Operations (1986) and in Venkataraman, The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, vols. IV and VIII (1972). Most preferred for the print pastes of this invention are the reactive dyes, which derive their name from the fact that they react covalently with many major natural textile fibers, including wool, the cellulosic fibers and silk. The reactive dyes include colored acid chlorides, vinyl sulfones and the vinyl sulfone and triazine derivatives of anthraquinones, including the mono- and dichlorotriazinyl compounds. The reactive dyes are described in detail in Kulkarni et al., supra, Section 6.7 and in Venkataraman, supra, vol. VI. Another preferred class of the dyes is the acid dyes, which are so named because they are normally applied in organic or inorganic acid dyeing solutions. These dyes generally are anionic dyes with relatively low molecular weight which contain one to three sulfonic acid groups and are used as salts, such as sodium salts. The majority of the acid dyes are azo, anthraquinone and triarylmethane dyes. They are described in detail in Kulkarni et al., supra, Section 6.2. They find particular application with the synthetic fibers such as nylon. The particular dye of choice for any specific application may be readily selected by one skilled in the art by routine procedures. The dye will normally be present as about 2-4% of the colorant composition.
The colorant compositions also commonly contain small amounts of additional materials as dispersants, stabilizers, dye solubilizers and so forth. The rheology control component herein preferably contains sodium hexametaphosphate (sold commercially under the trademark CALGON® by Calgon Corporation) as a sequestrant for calcium in the water present in the composition, to prevent unwanted gellation of the gum or polysaccharide. The amount of the sodium hexametaphosphate present will be on the order of about 20-30% of the polysaccharide. Other sequestrants include salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate. In addition, the composition can contain materials such as m-nitrobenzene sulfonate (sold commercially under the trademark LUDIGOL®) as an anti-reductive agent for the dye in an amount of about 1.0-1.5% of the composition, urea (10-12% of the composition) and sodium bicarbonate (about 2% of the composition.)
As noted above, the particular needs of fabric printing and carpet printing lead to slightly different preferred ranges of components in the rheology control agents of this invention. For fabric printing the rheology control component will preferably comprise 2-20 parts, more preferably 5-15 parts, of gum and 80-98 parts, more preferably 80-95 parts, of the water soluble polysaccharide. For carpet printing the rheology control component will preferably comprise 5-30 parts, more preferably 8-20 parts, of gum and 70-95 parts, more preferably 80-92 parts, of the water soluble polysaccharide.
It is believed that the compositions herein are effective because under the conditions of use the gum is more pseudoplastic than the polysaccharide (i.e., it has a higher viscosity at a given temperature). This in turn imparts a greater rheologic stability to the composition than would be obtained with the polysaccharide alone. The dye compositions are usually applied at ambient temperature. However, the dyes are then fixed on the fabric or carpet by steaming (usually at about 220° F./105° C. for about ten minutes). Under these latter conditions, the composition remains properly in position on the textile so that the dye color does not migrate from the tops of the fibers.
Colorant compositions incorporating the rheology control agents of this invention were tested in a variety of fabric printing laboratory processes which accurately simulate the effects to be obtained in commercial processes. In a first set of experiments pressure printing effects were measured, using a production-size commercial rotary screen print machine. Cotton fabric having a weight of 166 g/m2 was printed with an 80 mesh screen using several different test compositions and an alginate thickener as a control. Pressure of the squeegee on the rotary screen was adjusted for each run to obtain equal pick-up of each test print paste as compared to the control. In addition to the thickener and the dye, the compositions also included water and small conventional amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate, m-nitrobenzene sulfonate and sodium bicarbonate. The dye used was a Prussian blue commercial reactive dye (from Imperial Chemical Industries). Following application of print paste in each run, the printed fabrics were dried and then fixed with steam fixation for seven minutes at 105° C. followed by hand washing to remove excess print paste and then dried prior to print evaluation.
In Tables I and II below the data labeled "dE" represent the measure of color differences for the test samples as compared to a standard, based on tristimulus values, according to AATCC Test Method 153-1985 (AATCC Technical Manual/1987, page 272). A higher value indicates greater color acquisition by the textile. The data labeled "dL" represent the measure of difference of darkness of the pattern imparted to the textile, and is determined by subtracting the "da" and "db" color components of "dE" (see AATCC Test Method 153-1985) from the "dE" value for each sample. A negative value means that the test sample was darker than the standard; i.e., that it had more dye imparted to it. Viscosities reported for the compositions were measured with a Brookfield "RVT" viscometer operating at 20 rpm at 20° C. with a No. 2 spindle. The comparative designations stated are "sup." for "superior," "eq." for "equal" and "inf." for "inferior". An "S." preceding a designation indicates "slightly."
                                  TABLE 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
          RUN                                                             
          1    2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11  12  13             
__________________________________________________________________________
Thickener:                                                                
Alginate  100  90  90  90  90  85  85  85  85  86  86  86  86             
Rhansan Gum                                                               
          --   10  10  10  10  15  15  15  15  --  --  --  --             
Xanthan Gum                                                               
          --   --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  14  14  14  14             
Paste                                                                     
Thickener, %                                                              
          2.3  2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3            
Dye, %    3.0  3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0            
Printing Results                                                          
Pickup, % 95   82  85  95  100 85  87  85  95  90  95  85  95             
Viscosity, cP                                                             
          14530                                                           
               16440                                                      
                   16440                                                  
                       16440                                              
                           16440                                          
                               12661                                      
                                   12661                                  
                                       12661                              
                                           12661                          
                                               11338                      
                                                   11338                  
                                                       13303              
                                                           13303          
Penetration                                                               
          Control                                                         
               Sup.                                                       
                   Sup.                                                   
                       S. Sup.                                            
                           S. Sup.                                        
                               S. Sup.                                    
                                   S. Sup.                                
                                       S. Sup.                            
                                           S. Sup.                        
                                               S. Sup.                    
                                                   S. Sup.                
                                                       S.                 
                                                           Sup.           
Levelness Control                                                         
               S. Inf.                                                    
                   Eq. Eq. S. Sup.                                        
                               Eq. S. Sup.                                
                                       S. Sup.                            
                                           Eq. S. Sup.                    
                                                   Eq. S.                 
                                                           S. Sup.        
Definition                                                                
          Control                                                         
               Eq. S. Sup.                                                
                       S. Sup.                                            
                           Eq. S. Inf.                                    
                                   S. Sup.                                
                                       S. Sup.                            
                                           S. Sup.                        
                                               S. Sup.                    
                                                   S. Sup.                
                                                       S.                 
                                                           S. Sup.        
Handle    Control                                                         
               Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq.            
Applied Dye                                                               
          2.85 2.46                                                       
                   2.55                                                   
                       2.85                                               
                           3.00                                           
                               2.55                                       
                                   2.61                                   
                                       2.55                               
                                           2.85                           
                                               2.70                       
                                                   2.85                   
                                                       2.55               
                                                           2.85           
Equivalent                                                                
Dye Cont., %                                                              
          Control                                                         
               +5  -10 -10 -15 +15 Eq. Eq. -15 Eq. -20 Eq. -10            
Equivalent Applied                                                        
Dye       2.85 2.71                                                       
                   3.14                                                   
                       3.14                                               
                           3.28                                           
                               2.42                                       
                                   2.85                                   
                                       2.85                               
                                           3.28                           
                                               2.85                       
                                                   3.42                   
                                                       2.85               
                                                           3.14           
Color value                                                               
change, % Control                                                         
               +10.2                                                      
                   +23.1                                                  
                       +10.2                                              
                           +9.3                                           
                               -5.1                                       
                                   +9.2                                   
                                       +11.8                              
                                           +15.1                          
                                               +5.6                       
                                                   +20.0                  
                                                       +11.8              
                                                           +10.2          
dL        -61.0                                                           
               -60.7                                                      
                   -63.2                                                  
                       -61.0                                              
                           -61.8                                          
                               -58.4                                      
                                   -60.2                                  
                                       -60.8                              
                                           -62.8                          
                                               -62.0                      
                                                   -64.1                  
                                                       -61.7              
                                                           -63.0          
dE        72.2 74.3                                                       
                   75.6                                                   
                       70.9                                               
                           70.8                                           
                               71.3                                       
                                   71.4                                   
                                       72.0                               
                                           73.7                           
                                               74.8                       
                                                   77.2                   
                                                       74.6               
                                                           74.6           
__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE II                                
__________________________________________________________________________
        RUN                                                               
        14   15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24                       
__________________________________________________________________________
Thickener:                                                                
Alginate                                                                  
        100  100 85  85  85  85  85  85  85  85  85                       
Rhansan Gum                                                               
        --   --  --  --  15  --  15  --  --  --  15                       
Xanthan Gum                                                               
        --   --  15  15  --  15  --  15  15  15  --                       
Paste                                                                     
Thickener, %                                                              
        1.88 2.16                                                         
                 1.78                                                     
                     1.78                                                 
                         1.55                                             
                             2.06                                         
                                 1.82                                     
                                     2.20                                 
                                         1.96                             
                                             2.45                         
                                                 2.18                     
Dye, %  2.00 2.00                                                         
                 2.00                                                     
                     2.00                                                 
                         2.00                                             
                             2.00                                         
                                 2.00                                     
                                     2.00                                 
                                         2.00                             
                                             2.00                         
                                                 2.00                     
Printing                                                                  
Viscosity, cP                                                             
        5430 7685                                                         
                 6516                                                     
                     4761                                                 
                         5346                                             
                             8134                                         
                                 8299                                     
                                     7894                                 
                                         10622                            
                                             15561                        
                                                 14215                    
Penetration                                                               
        Control                                                           
             Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Sup.                                 
                                         S. Sup.                          
                                             S. Sup.                      
                                                 S. Sup.                  
Levelness                                                                 
        Control                                                           
             S. Inf.                                                      
                 Eq. S. Inf.                                              
                         S. Inf.                                          
                             S. Inf.                                      
                                 S. Inf.                                  
                                     Eq. S. Inf.                          
                                             S. Inf.                      
                                                 S. Inf.                  
Definition                                                                
        Control                                                           
             Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq.                      
Handle  Control                                                           
             Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq. Eq.                      
Rub-fastness                                                              
Dry     4-5  4   4   3-4 4   4   3-4 4   4   4-5 4-5                      
Wet     3-4  4   4   3-4 3-4 4   4   4   4   4   4                        
Equivalent                                                                
Dye Conc., %                                                              
        Control                                                           
             -10 +20 -10 -10 -10 -25 +5  -10 -20 -30                      
__________________________________________________________________________
It will be evident from these data that the blends of this invention provide a printed fabric which has penetration, levelness and definition properties which are as good as or better than the properties of the alginate thickened control. In addition the handle of the printed fabric is equal to that of fabrics printed with the control. Most importantly, however, the data show a substantially consistent improvement in the equivalent dye and color values imparted to the fabrics. This provides two alternate and substantial benefits: for the same amount of dye used an improved and increased color value can be imparted to the fabric or, alternatively, the same degree of color value can be imparted to the fabric by using significantly less dye in the print paste. Also of particular importance is the superior control of print paste penetration that the compositions of this invention uniformly provide.
The compositions of the present invention were also run in experimental carpet printing tests using jet printing machines of both the air diversion jet type and the off/on jet type. Rheology control components similar to those reported above were formed of alginate and xanthan gum in ratios of 90:10 and 85:15 and run in series with control materials having only alginate as the thickener. The rheology control components also contained small amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate to provide ionic stability in the presence of the acidic dye in the colorant composition. In addition the runs were compared against prior art colorants used in the jet printing devices in which the thickener is a starch. In all cases notable improvement in rheologic control resulting in improved print definition and color was observed.
It has previously been recognized that the use of cationic dyes in print pastes which also contain xanthan gum can cause unacceptable precipitation or gelation of the xanthan gum. Additions of small amounts of surfactants to the blends for the experimental runs, as outlined by the prior art, were sufficient to eliminate such precipitation or gelation.
In this series of runs the products shown in Table III below were tested in a jet printer to lay out plaid, floral, geometric and block patterns on carpeting.
              TABLE III                                                   
______________________________________                                    
           RUN:                                                           
           25    26      27      28    29                                 
______________________________________                                    
Alginate     100     85      85    85    70                               
Xanthan Gum  --      15      15    15    30                               
Concentration, %                                                          
                2.0  0.65    0.75  0.60  0.75                             
______________________________________
Tailing of the colorant composition was more likely when the ratio of alginate to gum was near 70:30; as the proportion of alginate increased, the occurrence of tailing decreased. Best results were obtained when the ratio was approximately 85:15.
It will be evident that there are many embodiments of this invention which, while not expressly set forth above, are clearly within the scope and spirit of the invention. The above description is therefore to be considered exemplary only, and the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (19)

What is claimed is:
1. A composition for controlling rheology of an aqueous dye which comprises
(A) 1-30 parts of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof, and
(B) 70-99 Parts of a water soluble polysaccharide component have alginate equivalent rheology, wherein (B) comprises 70-99 parts of a water soluble polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of alginates, starches, cellulosic polymers, guar gum and mixtures thereof, provided that the mixture does not simultaneously include alginates and starches or alginates and cellulosic polymers,
provided that when (A) is xanthan gum (B) is not alginate, and when (A) is xanthan gum and (B) is guar, the composition comprises at least 25 parts (A) and at most 75 parts guar.
2. A composition as in claim 1 comprising 2-20 parts of said gum and 80-98 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
3. A composition as in claim 2 comprising 5-15 parts of said gum and 80-95 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
4. A composition as in claim 1 comprising 5-30 parts of said gum and 70-95 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
5. A composition as in claim 4 comprising 8-20 parts of said gum and 80-92 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
6. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (B) is selected from the group consisting of alginates, starches, cellulosic polymers, and guar gum.
7. A composition as in claim 6 wherein (B) is an alginate.
8. A color imparting composition which comprises 90-99 percent of an aqueous dye and 1-10% of a rheology control component, said rheology control component comprising 1-30 parts of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology except that when said polysaccharide is an alginate, said gum cannot be xanthan.
9. A composition as in claim 8 wherein said rheology control component comprises 2-20 parts of said gum and 80-98 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
10. A composition as in claim 9 wherein said rheology control component comprises 5-15 parts of said gum and 80-95 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
11. A composition as in claim 8 wherein said rheology control component comprises 5-30 parts of said gum and 70-95 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
12. A composition as in claim 11 wherein said rheology control component comprises 8-20 parts of said gum and 80-92 parts of said water soluble polysaccharide.
13. A composition as in claim 8 wherein said polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of alginates, starches, cellulosic polymers, guar gum and mixtures thereof.
14. A composition as in claim 13 wherein said polysaccharide is an alginate.
15. A composition as in claim 8 wherein said aqueous dye is a reactive dye.
16. A composition as in claim 8 wherein said aqueous dye is an acid dye.
17. A method of controlling the rheology of an aqueous dye composition which comprises incorporating into said composition 1-10% of a rheology control component which comprises 1-30 parts of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts of a water soluble polysaccharide having alginate equivalent rheology.
18. A method as in claim 17 wherein said polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of alginates, starches, cellulosic polymers, guar gum and mixtures thereof.
19. A method as in claim 18 wherein said polysaccharide is an alginate.
US07/792,839 1989-05-24 1991-11-15 Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet Expired - Lifetime US5153317A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/792,839 US5153317A (en) 1989-05-24 1991-11-15 Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35681389A 1989-05-24 1989-05-24
US07/792,839 US5153317A (en) 1989-05-24 1991-11-15 Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US35681389A Continuation 1989-05-24 1989-05-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5153317A true US5153317A (en) 1992-10-06

Family

ID=26999382

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/792,839 Expired - Lifetime US5153317A (en) 1989-05-24 1991-11-15 Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US5153317A (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5437687A (en) * 1994-09-19 1995-08-01 Tofo Enterprise Co., Ltd. Wet process with no heating for continuous transfer pattern printing of a cellulose fabric web and its blends
US5595892A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-01-21 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparation of purified xanthan gum
US5633030A (en) * 1992-12-18 1997-05-27 Cpc International Inc. Xanthan gelling agents
US5830240A (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-11-03 Solutia Inc. Fibers and textile materials having enhanced dyeability and finish compositions used thereon
US5944852A (en) * 1996-10-23 1999-08-31 Solutia Inc. Dyeing process
US5994107A (en) * 1991-12-20 1999-11-30 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Process of purifying xanthan gum using an alkaline protease and lysozyme
FR2800399A1 (en) * 1999-11-02 2001-05-04 Ideal GEL DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR PREPARING, ASSEMBLY COMPRISING THE COMPOSITION
US6251176B1 (en) 1999-11-16 2001-06-26 Karen A. Pierce Alginate flavoring in a powdered form
CN101892602A (en) * 2010-07-19 2010-11-24 上海长胜纺织制品有限公司 Cold-transfer printing thickener, printing paste thereof and preparation method thereof
US20100307381A1 (en) * 2008-01-16 2010-12-09 Giampietro Margheritis Rheology Modifying Admixture
US20110296632A1 (en) * 2009-02-04 2011-12-08 Basf Se Aqueous dye dispersions
US9387700B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2016-07-12 Hangzhou Hongying Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Digital imaging process for flooring material
CN113463415A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-01 清远瑞华助剂有限公司 Acid dye dyeing auxiliary and preparation method thereof

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257768A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-03-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Novel blend of algin and TKP
US4257816A (en) * 1979-09-17 1981-03-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Novel blend of algin, TKP, and guar gum
US4363669A (en) * 1979-12-05 1982-12-14 Merck & Co., Inc. Dispersible xanthan gum blends
US4693728A (en) * 1984-08-30 1987-09-15 Kelco International Limited Hydrocolloid blend for controlled release of calcium ions
US4792415A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-12-20 Merck & Co., Inc. Quaternary ammonium salts of anionic gums
US4894250A (en) * 1987-05-06 1990-01-16 Mars G.B. Limited Thermo-irreversible edible gels of glucomannan and xanthan gums
US4911946A (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-03-27 The Nutra Sweet Company Carbohydrate cream substitute
US4952686A (en) * 1987-12-01 1990-08-28 Fmc Corporation Soluble dried cassia alloy gum composition and process for making same
US4979989A (en) * 1988-03-03 1990-12-25 Societe Anonyme Sanofi Alginate-type powdered composition for dental impressions
US5079348A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-01-07 Merck & Co., Inc. Film-forming size composition

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257768A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-03-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Novel blend of algin and TKP
US4257816A (en) * 1979-09-17 1981-03-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Novel blend of algin, TKP, and guar gum
US4363669A (en) * 1979-12-05 1982-12-14 Merck & Co., Inc. Dispersible xanthan gum blends
US4693728A (en) * 1984-08-30 1987-09-15 Kelco International Limited Hydrocolloid blend for controlled release of calcium ions
US4859208A (en) * 1984-08-30 1989-08-22 Kelco International Limited Calcium control system: hydrocolloid and alginate for dye printing
US4792415A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-12-20 Merck & Co., Inc. Quaternary ammonium salts of anionic gums
US4894250A (en) * 1987-05-06 1990-01-16 Mars G.B. Limited Thermo-irreversible edible gels of glucomannan and xanthan gums
US4952686A (en) * 1987-12-01 1990-08-28 Fmc Corporation Soluble dried cassia alloy gum composition and process for making same
US4979989A (en) * 1988-03-03 1990-12-25 Societe Anonyme Sanofi Alginate-type powdered composition for dental impressions
US4911946A (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-03-27 The Nutra Sweet Company Carbohydrate cream substitute
US5079348A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-01-07 Merck & Co., Inc. Film-forming size composition

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5595892A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-01-21 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparation of purified xanthan gum
US5702927A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-12-30 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparation of purified xanthan gum
US5994107A (en) * 1991-12-20 1999-11-30 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Process of purifying xanthan gum using an alkaline protease and lysozyme
US5633030A (en) * 1992-12-18 1997-05-27 Cpc International Inc. Xanthan gelling agents
US5437687A (en) * 1994-09-19 1995-08-01 Tofo Enterprise Co., Ltd. Wet process with no heating for continuous transfer pattern printing of a cellulose fabric web and its blends
US5830240A (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-11-03 Solutia Inc. Fibers and textile materials having enhanced dyeability and finish compositions used thereon
US5944852A (en) * 1996-10-23 1999-08-31 Solutia Inc. Dyeing process
FR2800399A1 (en) * 1999-11-02 2001-05-04 Ideal GEL DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR PREPARING, ASSEMBLY COMPRISING THE COMPOSITION
WO2001032977A1 (en) * 1999-11-02 2001-05-10 Ideal Dyeing composition in gel form, preparation method and receptacle containing same
US6251176B1 (en) 1999-11-16 2001-06-26 Karen A. Pierce Alginate flavoring in a powdered form
US7909927B2 (en) * 2008-01-16 2011-03-22 Lamberti Spa Rheology modifying admixture
US20100307381A1 (en) * 2008-01-16 2010-12-09 Giampietro Margheritis Rheology Modifying Admixture
US8668747B2 (en) * 2009-02-04 2014-03-11 Basf Se Aqueous dye dispersions
US20110296632A1 (en) * 2009-02-04 2011-12-08 Basf Se Aqueous dye dispersions
WO2012010070A1 (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-01-26 上海长胜纺织制品有限公司 Cold transfer printing paste, printing colorant thereof, and preparation method thereof
CN101892602A (en) * 2010-07-19 2010-11-24 上海长胜纺织制品有限公司 Cold-transfer printing thickener, printing paste thereof and preparation method thereof
US9074102B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2015-07-07 Newtech Textile Technology Development(Shanghai) Co., Ltd Cold transfer printing paste, printing colorant thereof, and preparation method thereof
US9387700B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2016-07-12 Hangzhou Hongying Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Digital imaging process for flooring material
US10052889B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2018-08-21 Hangzhou Hongying Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Digital imaging process for flooring material
CN113463415A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-01 清远瑞华助剂有限公司 Acid dye dyeing auxiliary and preparation method thereof
CN113463415B (en) * 2021-07-23 2023-07-28 清远瑞华助剂有限公司 Acid dye dyeing auxiliary agent and preparation method thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5153317A (en) Composition and method for rheology controlled printing of fabric and carpet
EP0202856B1 (en) Process for pattern dyeing of textile materials
US4264322A (en) Multicolor coating system
JPS63168382A (en) Ink jet dyeing method for cellulose fibrous structure
CA2017249C (en) Rheology controlled fabric printing composition and method
CN111501378A (en) Flax fabric ink-jet printing pretreating agent and pretreatment method
US3957432A (en) Aqueous pituitous color compositions based on poly(ethylene oxide)
CN112176743A (en) Modified chitin paste for polyamide fabric vat dye printing and preparation method and application thereof
JPH0433913B2 (en)
KR20120044729A (en) Pre-treatment agent composition for digital textile printing of cellulose and nylon mixed fabric and digital textile printing method using the same
CN111794000B (en) Printing pretreatment sizing agent, preparation method thereof and inkjet printing process for acrylic fabric
US5385585A (en) Use of anionic alkyl cellulose mixed ethers in textile printing
JPH0253976A (en) Dyeing of cloth
CN1100174C (en) process for production of resists or multicolour effects on natural and synthetic polyumide fibre materials
JPS6385186A (en) Dyeing of cellulosic fiber cloth
CN1033285C (en) Fast colour printing paste for self-drawing clothing and its preparation method
JPH0518951B2 (en)
CN112281520B (en) Reactive dye printing method with high color fixing rate
CN106758375A (en) Wash, the dispersion of cotton, reactive dye two-phase method printing method
JP2005273108A (en) Method for printing cellulosic fiber cloth
JPH0241480A (en) High-grade and high-accuracy screen printing
JP2005264370A (en) Method for modifying and printing fabric
US3959836A (en) Printing process
US3976425A (en) Printing process for acrylic fibers
RU1793017C (en) Method of production speckled effect on textile material of chemical fibers

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MERCK & CO., INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY, NE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ORTEGA, THERESA M.;WINSTON, PHILIP E., JR.;CLARE, KENNETH;REEL/FRAME:006164/0549

Effective date: 19890526

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

AS Assignment

Owner name: MONSANTO COMPANY, MISSOURI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MERCK & CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:007377/0274

Effective date: 19950217

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12