US5139562A - Inhibition of potato spouting using volatile monoterpenes - Google Patents
Inhibition of potato spouting using volatile monoterpenes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5139562A US5139562A US07/634,853 US63485390A US5139562A US 5139562 A US5139562 A US 5139562A US 63485390 A US63485390 A US 63485390A US 5139562 A US5139562 A US 5139562A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cineole
- tubers
- menthol
- composition
- fenchone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/06—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to a cycloaliphatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for inhibiting potato tuber sprouting.
- tubers are harvested, allowed to suberize (i.e., allow the "skin” or periderm layer to toughen) at warm temperatures for about 10 days, then gradually cooled down to the storage temperature of about 10° C.
- the tubers remain dormant and exhibit little inclination to sprout.
- the tubers must be chemically treated to prevent sprouting from occurring, which causes numerous deleterious effects to the tubers. These effects include loss of fresh weight, the conversion of starch to sugars, and a decrease in the quality and appearance of tubers sold fresh.
- Sprouts and the surrounding tissue also contain elevated levels of toxic glycoalkaloids, which are not destroyed by cooking.
- Chlorpropham (CIPC; 1-methylethyl-3-chlorophenylcarbamate) is currently used to control sprouting throughout the industry.
- CIPC Chlorpropham
- CIPC is known to be among the three pesticides found in the highest concentrations in the diet of the average American [Gartrell et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 69:146-159 (1986)] and comprises over 90% of the total synthetic residues found in U.S. potatoes [Klocke et al., J. Chem. Ecol., 13:2131-2141 (1987)]. Therefore, a pressing need exists to find other, more environmentally acceptable sprout inhibitors for tubers.
- Certain volatile monoterpenes have been shown to be potent growth inhibitors of plants and microorganisms and appear to be involved in allelopathic interactions between higher plants [Maugh, Science, 218:278 (1982)]. These compounds have low mammalian toxicities and are used in large quantities in flavorings, over-the-counter medications, and perfumes. Additionally, several of these compounds have been shown to be bactericidal or fungicidal and are active as insect repellants.
- oxygenated monoterpenes cineole, fenchone, and menthol, and especially 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole may be advantageously used to inhibit tuber sprouting, fresh weight loss, rotting, and fungal growth by exposure of the tubers thereto.
- These monoterpenes exhibit substantially greater effectiveness and/or applicability than the monoterpenes described in the prior art.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a method for inhibiting tuber sprouting using a compound which is naturally-occurring, has low mammalian toxicity, is rapidly biodegradable, and which does not impart an unpleasant taste or odor to the treated tubers.
- Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method for inhibiting tuber sprouting which also prevents or controls fungal growth upon the tubers, thereby reducing postharvest decay losses.
- a method for inhibiting sprouting of tubers including the step of exposing tubers to the oxygenated monoterpenes: cineole, fenchone, menthol, or mixtures thereof.
- the tubers are exposed to a composition having a monoterpene fraction, and specifically an oxygenated monoterpene fraction, and wherein cineole, fenchone, menthol, or a mixture thereof form the major portion of the monoterpene and/or oxygenated monoterpene fraction.
- Particularly preferred are those compositions wherein 1,4-cineole and/or 1,8-cineole form the major portion of the oxygenated monoterpene fraction.
- a "major portion" of the oxygenated monoterpene fraction is herein defined as a component thereof which is present in an amount greater than or equal to any other oxygenated monoterpene (i.e., the primary component).
- a composition encompassed by this embodiment which included cineole and one or more other oxygenated monoterpenes (other than fenchone or menthol), would have the cineole present in a greater or equal amount than each of the other oxygenated monoterpenes.
- compositions of the oxygenated monoterpenes of the invention may be prepared or may be naturally occurring.
- Naturally occurring compositions include but are not limited to essential oils such as eucalyptus oil (consisting of approximately 95% 1,8-cineole), or peppermint or spearmint oils (having menthol as a substantial portion thereof).
- the composition of the monoterpenes may be used with or without an inert carrier or solvent.
- the process of the invention is effective for the inhibition of sprouting of a variety of tubers including but not limited to potatoes.
- composition of the oxygenated monoterpenes may be contacted directly with the tubers while in liquid or solid form, a preferred method of exposure takes advantage of the relatively high volatility of these compounds. These methods enjoy the benefit of ease of application over a large volume of tubers.
- exposure of the tubers to the oxygenated monoterpenes may be achieved by providing the composition in liquid or solid form and allowing or causing the same to volatilize into the atmosphere adjacent to or surrounding the tubers.
- favored techniques for enhancing this volatilization include simply passing air or some other inert gas over the liquid composition.
- the composition may be incorporated into a slow release vehicle or carrier, such as by encapsulation or placement in a closed permeable container, to provide a controlled rate of release of the volatiles into the atmosphere over an extended period of time.
- a slow release vehicle or carrier such as by encapsulation or placement in a closed permeable container, to provide a controlled rate of release of the volatiles into the atmosphere over an extended period of time.
- the composition may also be provided as a gas directly admitted into the atmosphere adjacent to the tubers.
- Exposure of the tubers to the sprout-inhibiting composition may be initiated at any time after harvest or during the storage of the tubers. However, when the tubers are held in bins under normal storage conditions prevalent in the industry (about 10° C.), exposure preferably begins about 1-3 months after harvest or at such time that the tubers begin to sprout. Exposure may be continuous or intermittent during storage, but in either event is suitably continued or repeated so as to maintain an effective concentration of the oxygenated monoterpenes in the atmosphere adjacent to or surrounding the tubers as described herein below.
- tubers Following storage, the tubers may be removed from exposure to the composition, and the monoterpene traces upon the tubers quickly dissipate. The tubers will begin to sprout normally within about four days.
- the absolute amount of the oxygenated monoterpenes of the invention may vary and are selected to provide inhibition of tuber sprouting in comparison with untreated tubers. Suitable amounts and concentrations may be readily determined by the practitioner skilled in the art.
- the actual effective amount of the oxygenated monoterpenes may vary with the volume of tubers to be treated, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and air flow (affecting volatility and tuber metabolic activity), and the vehicle or carrier employed (affecting the release rate of the monoterpenes).
- the amount of these oxygenated monoterpenes should be selected to provide a concentration thereof in the atmosphere adjacent to or surrounding the tubers of at least about 0.1 mg/liter. Due to air flow variations and irregular flow patterns existing in commercially used storage bins when filled, it is preferred that the amount of these oxygenated monoterpenes is effective to provide an average concentration thereof in the atmosphere of at least about 1 mg/liter, with a range of about 1-5 mg/liter being particularly preferred.
- menthol in solid form is initially provided as the sprout-inhibiting composition.
- Exposure of the tubers may be accomplished by heating the solid, within a fogger, for example, at a temperature effective for sublimation into the atmosphere surrounding the tubers, and subsequently allowing the menthol to crystallize onto the surfaces of the tubers.
- the crystallized menthol dissipates slowly under storage conditions and effectively remains in crystalline form upon the surface of the tubers for extended periods of time.
- the amount of menthol deposited on each tuber may be readily determined and will again vary with environmental conditions affecting volatility and tuber metabolic activity, as well as the length of time over which protection from sprouting is desired.
- the object of this first example was to screen monoterpenes which were phytotoxic to emerged potato sprouts at high levels in air and would thus warrant further examination.
- Several of these compounds are either constituents of Muna oil, which was shown to inhibit potato sprouting by Aliaga and Feldheim (ibid.), or they have been identified as allelopathic agents [Mandava, "Chemistry and Biology of Allelopathic Agents," In The Chemistry of Allelopathy, A. C. Thompson (ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pages 33-54 (1985)].
- allelopathic agents In The Chemistry of Allelopathy, A. C. Thompson (ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pages 33-54 (1985)].
- Several physiochemical properties of these monoterpenes, arranged in order from most to least volatile, are shown in Table I.
- Untreated tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv ⁇ Norchip ⁇ were stored at 4° C. for 4-6 months until used in tests. All tubers weighed between 150-250 g and were free of any evident disease. Substantially pure compounds were used as received from the manufacturers without further purification, except for 1,4-cineole, which was synthesized as follows: terpinen-4-ol (20 g), 95% ethanol (70 ml), and 35% H 2 SO 4 (70 ml), were stirred overnight at 27° C. The next day, water was added (1.0 l) and the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl ether. 1,4-Cineole was purified from the concentrated ether extract by column chromatography over silica. Due to equipment limitations, this study consisted of several separate but related experiments.
- Potato tubers were kept at 25° C. for 14 days, by which time most (95%) of the eyes contained sprouts of 1 cm length or more.
- Six tubers were placed on ceramic platforms in 9.2 l dessicator flasks in a growth chamber at 25° C. Each flask contained either one piece of Whatman No. 1 filter paper saturated with 1.0 ml if the compound was a liquid, or 1.0 g of powder if the compound was solid (control flasks lacked monoterpenes). The compounds were placed at the bottom of the dessicator so that no direct physical contact with the tubers occurred. Tubers were then placed in the dark at 25° C. for 24 hours, at which time sprouts were visually rated for blackening and necrosis.
- Camphor, limonene, ⁇ -phellandrene, ⁇ -pinene, and pulegone exhibited substantially less effect, and only the tips of the sprouts were blackened and necrotic.
- Citral, citronellol, menthol, and ⁇ -terpineol only slightly darkened the sprout tips.
- Monoterpenes from Example 1 that were phytotoxic to emerged potato sprouts at high levels were further evaluated for inhibition of tuber sprouting. Limonene and ⁇ -pinene were also examined, even though these compounds were substantially less phytotoxic to emerged sprouts, because these two compounds are easily obtainable in large quantities from domestic sources of essential oils.
- a continuous-flow system similar to that employed by Gardner et al. J. Agric. Food Chem., 38:1316-1320 (1990)] was used. Flow rates were controlled by Model 8744 flow controllers (Brooks Instrument, Hatfield, PA).
- One stream of humidified air was passed through a fritted-glass bubbler into a tube containing 10-15 ml of the compound being tested, and was mixed with untreated humidified air for a total flow rate of 100 ml/min.
- concentrations could be adjusted within the flask headspaces. Concentrations chosen were estimated to be the amounts of each individual monoterpene that could be maintained in an enclosed potato bin based upon the relative volatilities of each compound.
- a control flask through which a constant flow of 100 ml/min of humidified air was passed was run simultaneously with all treatments. Six potato tubers were placed in each flask and were kept in the dark in a growth chamber at 25° C.
- Headspace samples were collected with a 1 ml gastight syringe (Dynatech Precision Sampling Co., Baton Rouge, LA), and the collected gases were separated by GC (Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 gas chromatograph) using a capillary column (15 m ⁇ 0.25 mm) coated with a 0.25 ⁇ m film (DB-1 from J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA).
- Helium carrier gas flow through the column was 1 ml/min and the sample was injected into an 100/1 inlet splitter (total flow 100 ml/min).
- the injection temperature was set at 200° C. and the flame ionization detector was set at 280° C.
- the oven was run isothermally, although the temperature was set from 50° to 100° C. depending on the compound being tested. Peak areas of the various monoterpenes were quantified by comparison with the response of injected samples of standards dissolved in spectral quality hexane.
Abstract
A method for inhibiting sprouting of tubers including the step of exposing tubers to the oxygenated monoterpenes: cineole, fenchone, menthol, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the tubers are exposed to a composition having an oxygenated monoterpene fraction, and wherein cineole, fenchone, menthol, or a mixture thereof form the major portion of the oxygenated monoterpene fraction.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for inhibiting potato tuber sprouting.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Typically, tubers are harvested, allowed to suberize (i.e., allow the "skin" or periderm layer to toughen) at warm temperatures for about 10 days, then gradually cooled down to the storage temperature of about 10° C. For the first 1-2 months after harvest, the tubers remain dormant and exhibit little inclination to sprout. However, after this period the tubers must be chemically treated to prevent sprouting from occurring, which causes numerous deleterious effects to the tubers. These effects include loss of fresh weight, the conversion of starch to sugars, and a decrease in the quality and appearance of tubers sold fresh. Sprouts and the surrounding tissue also contain elevated levels of toxic glycoalkaloids, which are not destroyed by cooking.
Chlorpropham (CIPC; 1-methylethyl-3-chlorophenylcarbamate) is currently used to control sprouting throughout the industry. Although CIPC has been used effectively for over three decades, questions concerning its toxicology have been raised, and it is currently under review by the Environmental Protection Agency. CIPC is known to be among the three pesticides found in the highest concentrations in the diet of the average American [Gartrell et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 69:146-159 (1986)] and comprises over 90% of the total synthetic residues found in U.S. potatoes [Klocke et al., J. Chem. Ecol., 13:2131-2141 (1987)]. Therefore, a pressing need exists to find other, more environmentally acceptable sprout inhibitors for tubers.
Certain volatile monoterpenes have been shown to be potent growth inhibitors of plants and microorganisms and appear to be involved in allelopathic interactions between higher plants [Maugh, Science, 218:278 (1982)]. These compounds have low mammalian toxicities and are used in large quantities in flavorings, over-the-counter medications, and perfumes. Additionally, several of these compounds have been shown to be bactericidal or fungicidal and are active as insect repellants.
For many centuries, the Incas of South America and their descendants have buried potato tubers in pits that are layered with soil and the leaves of Muna plants that belong to the mint family Lamiaceae, and the genera Minthostachys and Satureja. This treatment prevents sprouting and excessive fresh weight loss and repels insect pests. These Muna plants contain copious amounts of essential oils that are substantially comprised of monoterpenes. Aliaga and Feldheim [Ernahrung, 9:254-256 (1985)] and Feldheim [Practicability and Mode of Action of Quality Storage of Potatoes After Harvest, In Report of a Lecture Given to the German Institute for Quality Research (Plant Nutrition Products), March, 1985, 6 pages] reported that the oil from the Muna plants was more effective than CIPC in inhibiting sprouting, fresh weight loss, and the incidence of rotted tuber parts over a period of 120 days. The authors also reported that the main components of the oil, including the monoterpenes α- and β-pinene and limonene, and the oxygenated monoterpenes pulegone and menthone/isomenthone, are effective in this regard. However, no additional research was conducted concerning the effectiveness of other monoterpenes, particularly cineole, fenchone, or menthol, or other more easily obtained essential oils such as eucalyptus or peppermint.
We have now surprisingly found that the oxygenated monoterpenes cineole, fenchone, and menthol, and especially 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole, may be advantageously used to inhibit tuber sprouting, fresh weight loss, rotting, and fungal growth by exposure of the tubers thereto. These monoterpenes exhibit substantially greater effectiveness and/or applicability than the monoterpenes described in the prior art.
In accordance with this discovery, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved method for inhibiting tuber sprouting without necrosis or softening of the tuber. It is a further object of this invention to provide a method for inhibiting the sprouting of tubers under storage using oxygenated monoterpenes applied as volatiles.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for inhibiting tuber sprouting using a compound which is naturally-occurring, has low mammalian toxicity, is rapidly biodegradable, and which does not impart an unpleasant taste or odor to the treated tubers.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method for inhibiting tuber sprouting which also prevents or controls fungal growth upon the tubers, thereby reducing postharvest decay losses.
These and other objects of the invention will become obvious from the ensuing description.
The commercial importance of inhibiting sprouting and weight loss of tubers is well known. A need exists for an effective method to inhibit tuber sprouting which uses a compound that is environmentally acceptable, has low mammalian toxicity, and that does not result in necrosis or softening of the tubers, or impart an unpleasant taste or odor thereto.
According to this invention, there is provided a method for inhibiting sprouting of tubers including the step of exposing tubers to the oxygenated monoterpenes: cineole, fenchone, menthol, or mixtures thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tubers are exposed to a composition having a monoterpene fraction, and specifically an oxygenated monoterpene fraction, and wherein cineole, fenchone, menthol, or a mixture thereof form the major portion of the monoterpene and/or oxygenated monoterpene fraction. Particularly preferred are those compositions wherein 1,4-cineole and/or 1,8-cineole form the major portion of the oxygenated monoterpene fraction. Also particularly preferred are those compositions wherein the cineole, fenchone, menthol, or mixture thereof form a substantial portion (greater than or equal to 50%) of the oxygenated monoterpene fraction, or wherein the oxygenated monoterpene fraction consists essentially of cineole, fenchone, menthol, or mixtures thereof.
A "major portion" of the oxygenated monoterpene fraction is herein defined as a component thereof which is present in an amount greater than or equal to any other oxygenated monoterpene (i.e., the primary component). For example, a composition encompassed by this embodiment, which included cineole and one or more other oxygenated monoterpenes (other than fenchone or menthol), would have the cineole present in a greater or equal amount than each of the other oxygenated monoterpenes.
Suitable compositions of the oxygenated monoterpenes of the invention may be prepared or may be naturally occurring. Naturally occurring compositions include but are not limited to essential oils such as eucalyptus oil (consisting of approximately 95% 1,8-cineole), or peppermint or spearmint oils (having menthol as a substantial portion thereof). Further, the composition of the monoterpenes may be used with or without an inert carrier or solvent.
The process of the invention is effective for the inhibition of sprouting of a variety of tubers including but not limited to potatoes.
Although the composition of the oxygenated monoterpenes may be contacted directly with the tubers while in liquid or solid form, a preferred method of exposure takes advantage of the relatively high volatility of these compounds. These methods enjoy the benefit of ease of application over a large volume of tubers. In this regard, exposure of the tubers to the oxygenated monoterpenes may be achieved by providing the composition in liquid or solid form and allowing or causing the same to volatilize into the atmosphere adjacent to or surrounding the tubers. Without being limited thereto, favored techniques for enhancing this volatilization include simply passing air or some other inert gas over the liquid composition. Alternatively, the composition may be incorporated into a slow release vehicle or carrier, such as by encapsulation or placement in a closed permeable container, to provide a controlled rate of release of the volatiles into the atmosphere over an extended period of time. Rather than initially providing the composition in liquid or solid form, the composition may also be provided as a gas directly admitted into the atmosphere adjacent to the tubers.
Exposure of the tubers to the sprout-inhibiting composition may be initiated at any time after harvest or during the storage of the tubers. However, when the tubers are held in bins under normal storage conditions prevalent in the industry (about 10° C.), exposure preferably begins about 1-3 months after harvest or at such time that the tubers begin to sprout. Exposure may be continuous or intermittent during storage, but in either event is suitably continued or repeated so as to maintain an effective concentration of the oxygenated monoterpenes in the atmosphere adjacent to or surrounding the tubers as described herein below.
Following storage, the tubers may be removed from exposure to the composition, and the monoterpene traces upon the tubers quickly dissipate. The tubers will begin to sprout normally within about four days.
The absolute amount of the oxygenated monoterpenes of the invention (cineole, fenchone, and/or menthol) and their concentration in a liquid or solid phase composition may vary and are selected to provide inhibition of tuber sprouting in comparison with untreated tubers. Suitable amounts and concentrations may be readily determined by the practitioner skilled in the art. The actual effective amount of the oxygenated monoterpenes may vary with the volume of tubers to be treated, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and air flow (affecting volatility and tuber metabolic activity), and the vehicle or carrier employed (affecting the release rate of the monoterpenes). However, the amount of these oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly cineole and fenchone, should be selected to provide a concentration thereof in the atmosphere adjacent to or surrounding the tubers of at least about 0.1 mg/liter. Due to air flow variations and irregular flow patterns existing in commercially used storage bins when filled, it is preferred that the amount of these oxygenated monoterpenes is effective to provide an average concentration thereof in the atmosphere of at least about 1 mg/liter, with a range of about 1-5 mg/liter being particularly preferred.
An alternative embodiment takes advantage of the unique physical properties of menthol to provide for prolonged exposure of the tuber thereto after only a single application. According to this embodiment, menthol in solid form is initially provided as the sprout-inhibiting composition. Exposure of the tubers may be accomplished by heating the solid, within a fogger, for example, at a temperature effective for sublimation into the atmosphere surrounding the tubers, and subsequently allowing the menthol to crystallize onto the surfaces of the tubers. The crystallized menthol dissipates slowly under storage conditions and effectively remains in crystalline form upon the surface of the tubers for extended periods of time. In accordance with this embodiment, the amount of menthol deposited on each tuber may be readily determined and will again vary with environmental conditions affecting volatility and tuber metabolic activity, as well as the length of time over which protection from sprouting is desired.
The object of this first example was to screen monoterpenes which were phytotoxic to emerged potato sprouts at high levels in air and would thus warrant further examination. Several of these compounds are either constituents of Muna oil, which was shown to inhibit potato sprouting by Aliaga and Feldheim (ibid.), or they have been identified as allelopathic agents [Mandava, "Chemistry and Biology of Allelopathic Agents," In The Chemistry of Allelopathy, A. C. Thompson (ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pages 33-54 (1985)]. Several physiochemical properties of these monoterpenes, arranged in order from most to least volatile, are shown in Table I.
Untreated tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv `Norchip` were stored at 4° C. for 4-6 months until used in tests. All tubers weighed between 150-250 g and were free of any evident disease. Substantially pure compounds were used as received from the manufacturers without further purification, except for 1,4-cineole, which was synthesized as follows: terpinen-4-ol (20 g), 95% ethanol (70 ml), and 35% H2 SO4 (70 ml), were stirred overnight at 27° C. The next day, water was added (1.0 l) and the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl ether. 1,4-Cineole was purified from the concentrated ether extract by column chromatography over silica. Due to equipment limitations, this study consisted of several separate but related experiments.
Potato tubers were kept at 25° C. for 14 days, by which time most (95%) of the eyes contained sprouts of 1 cm length or more. Six tubers were placed on ceramic platforms in 9.2 l dessicator flasks in a growth chamber at 25° C. Each flask contained either one piece of Whatman No. 1 filter paper saturated with 1.0 ml if the compound was a liquid, or 1.0 g of powder if the compound was solid (control flasks lacked monoterpenes). The compounds were placed at the bottom of the dessicator so that no direct physical contact with the tubers occurred. Tubers were then placed in the dark at 25° C. for 24 hours, at which time sprouts were visually rated for blackening and necrosis.
The experimental results from exposing sprouted tubers to saturated monoterpene levels are described in Table II.
TABLE I
__________________________________________________________________________
Boiling
Temperature (°C.) at
Solubility
Concentration of
Chemical
Point
Which Vapor Pressure
in Water
Saturated Headspace
Compound Function
(°C.)
Equals 1 mm Hg
at 25° C.
at 25° C. (M)
__________________________________________________________________________
alpha-Pinene
Monoene
155-156
-1.0 Insoluble
3.5 × 10.sup.-4
Limonene Monoene
176 14.0 Insoluble
1.4 × 10.sup.-4
1,4-Cineole
Ether
173-174
-- Insoluble
1.3 × 10.sup.-4
1,8-Cineole
Ether
176-177
15.0 Insoluble
1.3 × 10.sup.-4
alpha-Phellandrene
Diene
171-172
20.0 Insoluble
1.2 × 10.sup.-4
Fenchone Ketone
194 28.0 Insoluble
5.4 × 10.sup.-5
Limonene oxide
Ether
-- -- Insoluble
5.1 × 10.sup.-5
Linalool Alcohol
199 40.0 Insoluble
4.4 × 10.sup.-5
Camphor Ketone
204 41.5 Sl. Soluble
3.2 × 10.sup.-5
Terpinen-4-ol
Alcohol
208-210
-- Insoluble
2.4 × 10.sup.-5
Menthol Alcohol
212 56.0 Sl. soluble
2.2 × 10.sup.-5
alpha-Terpineol
Alcohol
218 52.8 Insoluble
2.2 × 10.sup.-5
Pulegone Ketone
224 58.3 Insoluble
2.0 × 10.sup.-5
Citronellol
Alcohol
225 66.4 Sl. soluble
1.6 × 10.sup.-5
Citral Aldehyde
229 61.7 Insoluble
1.6 × 10.sup.-5
Geraniol Alcohol
229 69.2 Insoluble
1.2 × 10.sup.-5
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE II
______________________________________
Compound Appearance of Sprouts
______________________________________
alpha-Pinene Sprout tips slightly blackened
Limonene Sprouts slightly blackened
1,4-Cineole Sprouts completely black and necrotic
1,8-Cineole Sprouts completely black and necrotic
alpha-Phellandrene
Sprout tips slightly blackened
Fenchone Sprouts completely black and necrotic
Limonene oxide
Most sprouts black and necrotic
Linalool Most sprouts black and necrotic
Camphor Sprout tips slightly blackened
Menthol spring tips slightly blackened
Terpinen-4-ol
Most sprouts black and necrotic
alpha-Terpineol
Sprout tips slightly blackened
Pulegone Sprout tips slightly blackened
Citronellol Extreme sprout tips affected slightly
Citral Extreme sprout tips affected slightly
Geraniol No noticeable effects
______________________________________
Except for geraniol, all of the compounds displayed some degree of phytotoxicity to emerged sprouts. However, sprouts exposed to 1,4-cineole, 1,8-cineole, and fenchone were the most severely affected, with the whole sprout blackened and necrotic. These compounds would be most ideally suited for use as tuber sprout inhibitors. Limonene oxide, linalool, and terpinen-4-ol were also phytotoxic, with most of the sprouts black and necrotic except at their bases. In all treatments, tubers were not visibly affected by exposure to monoterpenes. Camphor, limonene, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, and pulegone exhibited substantially less effect, and only the tips of the sprouts were blackened and necrotic. Citral, citronellol, menthol, and α-terpineol only slightly darkened the sprout tips.
Monoterpenes from Example 1 that were phytotoxic to emerged potato sprouts at high levels were further evaluated for inhibition of tuber sprouting. Limonene and α-pinene were also examined, even though these compounds were substantially less phytotoxic to emerged sprouts, because these two compounds are easily obtainable in large quantities from domestic sources of essential oils. A continuous-flow system similar to that employed by Gardner et al. [J. Agric. Food Chem., 38:1316-1320 (1990)] was used. Flow rates were controlled by Model 8744 flow controllers (Brooks Instrument, Hatfield, PA). One stream of humidified air was passed through a fritted-glass bubbler into a tube containing 10-15 ml of the compound being tested, and was mixed with untreated humidified air for a total flow rate of 100 ml/min. By controlling the relative flow rates of the two streams, concentrations could be adjusted within the flask headspaces. Concentrations chosen were estimated to be the amounts of each individual monoterpene that could be maintained in an enclosed potato bin based upon the relative volatilities of each compound. A control flask through which a constant flow of 100 ml/min of humidified air was passed was run simultaneously with all treatments. Six potato tubers were placed in each flask and were kept in the dark in a growth chamber at 25° C. for 7 days, after which time the percentage of eyes containing sprouts was then calculated. These conditions were selected to promote rapid sprouting of the controls to enable evaluation of all compounds within this relatively short time period, and to prevent variations. in tuber age among treatments from affecting the results. All trials were conducted at the same environmental conditions, including temperature, to ensure consistent respiration conditions for all tubers between tests of different compounds. Because control tubers displayed evident fungal growth on the tuber surfaces at these conditions, a visual rating was given for each treatment for total fungal growth. GC samples were taken daily as described below, and an average concentration value was calculated.
Headspace samples were collected with a 1 ml gastight syringe (Dynatech Precision Sampling Co., Baton Rouge, LA), and the collected gases were separated by GC (Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 gas chromatograph) using a capillary column (15 m ×0.25 mm) coated with a 0.25 μm film (DB-1 from J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA). Helium carrier gas flow through the column was 1 ml/min and the sample was injected into an 100/1 inlet splitter (total flow 100 ml/min). The injection temperature was set at 200° C. and the flame ionization detector was set at 280° C. The oven was run isothermally, although the temperature was set from 50° to 100° C. depending on the compound being tested. Peak areas of the various monoterpenes were quantified by comparison with the response of injected samples of standards dissolved in spectral quality hexane.
Results from exposure of unsprouted tubers to these low flow rates are shown in Table III. 1,4-Cineole, 1,8-cineole, fenchone, and terpinen-4-ol were all extremely effective in inhibiting tuber sprouting. Tubers treated with these compounds were firm and appeared similar in all respects to their original condition when removed from cold storage. Additionally, fungal growth was not evident on the tuber surfaces.
TABLE III
______________________________________
Flow Rate Headspace % Eyes
Split.sup.a
Concentra- with Fungal
Treatment
(Air/Cmpd) tion (mg/L).sup.b
Sprouts
Growth.sup.c
______________________________________
Control 100/0 -- 98 +
alpha-Pinene
90/10 6.90 ± 0.25
97 +
Limonene 90/10 1.70 ± 0.22
95 ++
1,8-Cineole
90/10 1.14 ± 0.05
0 -
1,4-Cineole
90/10 1.05 ± 0.06
0 -
Fenchone 80/20 0.51 ± 0.05
0 -
Limonene 90/10 0.29 ± 0.01
0 -
oxide
Linalool 90/10 0.23 ± 0.01
0 -
Terpinen-4-ol
80/20 0.21 ± 0.03
0 -
______________________________________
In comparison, besides sprouting heavily, control tubers displayed evident growth of several different fungi, including sporulating Alternaria. Limonene oxide and linalool were both effective in inhibiting sprouting and some fungal growth. However, tubers exposed to either of these compounds were considerably softer to the touch than the tubers treated with the previous compounds. Several tubers in each treatment possessed small patches of mycelia identified as Alternaria on their surface. Limonene and pinene did not reduce sprouting relative to controls at the rates shown in Table III. Furthermore, fungal growth was visible on every tuber of both treatments with extensive amounts appearing on limonene-treated tubers. Examination of limonene-treated tubers indicated that there were several sunken pockets on the tuber surfaces which contained fungal mycelia similar in appearance to Fusarium tuber rot. A less severe but similar situation occurred with the α-pinene-treated tubers, where fungal mycelia growth was similar to controls.
Monoterpenes described in the prior art (Aliaga et al. and Feldheim, ibid.) were further compared with cineole, fenchone, and menthol which had demonstrated effectiveness in the previous examples, as well as several other oxygenated monoterpenes.
Three unsprouted tubers were placed on ceramic platforms in 9.2 l dessicator flasks in a growth chamber at 25° C. Each flask contained either one piece of Whatman No. 1 filter paper saturated with 2.0 ml if the compound was a liquid, or 2.0 g of powder if the compound was solid (control flasks lacked monoterpenes). The compounds were placed at the bottom of the dessicator so that no direct physical contact with the tubers occurred. Tubers were then placed in the dark at 25° C. until the control tubers exhibited heavy sprouting, at which time the tubers were examined for sprouting of the eyes, visually rated for necrosis and total fungal growth, and rated for firmness to the touch. The results are presented in Table IV.
TABLE IV
______________________________________
% Eyes
with Fungal
Treatment Sprouts Necrosis.sup.a
Growth.sup.b
Firmness.sup.c
______________________________________
1,4-Cineole
0 - - +++
1,8-Cineole
0 + - +++
Fenchone 0 - - +++
Menthol 0 - - +++
Pulegone 0 ++ - ++
Menthone/ 0 ++ - +
isomenthone.sup.d
alpha-Pinene
0 + + +
Limonene 0 - + ++
Menthyl acetate
0 - ++ +++
Ocimene 96 - - +++
Linalool 0 ++ - ++
(-)-Carvone
0 +++ - +
(+)-Carvone
0 ++ - +
Camphor 33 - - +++
Control 90 - ++ ++
______________________________________
.sup.a Visual rating for tuber necrosis as follows: - = no evident
necrosis; + = slight necrosis; ++ = moderate necrosis; and +++ = heavy
necrosis.
.sup.b Visual rating for fungal growth on tubers as follows: - = no
evident fungal growth; + = some fungal growth; ++ = heavy fungal growth.
.sup.c Tactile rating for firmness as follows: - = soft; + = fairly firm
with soft portions; ++ = fairly firm; +++ = very firm.
.sup.d Menthone and isomenthone exist as isomers in equilibrium.
The results of these examples demonstrate that the oxygenated monoterpenes 1,4-cineole, 1,8-cineole, fenchone, and menthol provide substantially greater inhibition of tuber sprouting, with substantially no necrosis or softening of the tuber, than other monoterpenes described in the prior art.
It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. A method for inhibiting sprouting of potato tubers comprising the step of exposing potato tubers to a composition comprising a sprout inhibiting effective amount of an oxygenated monoterpene fraction, wherein a major portion of said oxygenated monoterpene fraction is selected from the group consisting of cineole, fenchone, menthol, and mixtures thereof.
2. A method as described in claim 1, wherein said composition is a liquid and said step of exposing includes the step of allowing said liquid composition to volatilize into the atmosphere adjacent said tubers.
3. A method as described in claim 2, wherein the concentration of cineole in the atmosphere after volatilization is greater than about 0.1 mg/l.
4. A method as described in claim 3, wherein the concentration of cineole in the atmosphere after volatilization is greater than about 1 mg/l.
5. A method as described in claim 1, wherein said composition is a gas.
6. A method as described in claim 5, wherein said monoterpene fraction includes cineole at a concentration greater than about 0.1 mg/l in said gas.
7. A method as described in claim 6, wherein the concentration of said cineole is greater than about 1 mg/l.
8. A method as described in claim 1, wherein said composition comprises eucalyptus oil.
9. A method as described in claim 1, wherein said major portion of said oxygenated monoterpene fraction is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole.
10. A method as described in claim 1, wherein a substantial portion of said oxygenated monoterpene fraction is selected from the group consisting of cineole, fenchone, menthol, and mixtures thereof.
11. A method as described in claim 1, wherein said composition is incorporated into a carrier.
12. A method as described in claim 1, wherein said major portion of said oxygenated monoterpene fraction is menthol in solid phase, and said step of exposing comprises heating said composition at a temperature effective to sublime said menthol into the atmosphere adjacent said tubers, and allowing said menthol to crystallize upon the surfaces of said tubers.
13. A method as described in claim 12, wherein said composition consists essentially of menthol in solid phase.
14. A method for inhibiting sprouting of potato tubers comprising the step of exposing potatoe tubers to an atmosphere comprising a sprout inhibiting effective amount of cineole or fenchone or a mixture thereof at a concentration of at least about 0.1 mg/l.
15. A method as described in claim 14, wherein said concentration is greater than about 1 mg/l.
16. A method as described in claim 14, wherein said cineole is 1,4-cineole or 1,8-cineole.
17. A method as described in claim 14, wherein said step of exposing includes a step of volatilizing a liquid composition comprising cineole or fenchone or a mixture thereof in an amount effective to provide said atmosphere.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/634,853 US5139562A (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1990-12-19 | Inhibition of potato spouting using volatile monoterpenes |
| AU91582/91A AU9158291A (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1991-12-18 | Inhibition of potato sprouting using volatile monoterpenes |
| PCT/US1991/009591 WO1992010934A1 (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1991-12-18 | Inhibition of potato sprouting using volatile monoterpenes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/634,853 US5139562A (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1990-12-19 | Inhibition of potato spouting using volatile monoterpenes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US5139562A true US5139562A (en) | 1992-08-18 |
Family
ID=24545428
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/634,853 Expired - Fee Related US5139562A (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1990-12-19 | Inhibition of potato spouting using volatile monoterpenes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5139562A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU9158291A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992010934A1 (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995012311A1 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-11 | The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Natural suppression of sprouting in stored potatoes using jasmonates |
| WO1996013012A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag | Journal store |
| US5580596A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1996-12-03 | Cpc International Inc. | Sprout inhibitor for potatoes |
| US5622912A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-04-22 | Platte Chemical Company | Sprout inhibition compositions comprising chlorpropham and substituted naphthalenes and methods of using same |
| US5811372A (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 1998-09-22 | Platte Chemical Company | Method of controlling sprout formation in potatoes by selective application of chlorpropham, carvone, benzothiazole and ethylene |
| US5849664A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1998-12-15 | B.V. Chemische Pharmaceutische Industrie "Luxan" | Composition suitable for inhibiting potato sprouting and/or fungoid growth |
| US5858436A (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1999-01-12 | Xeda International | Process for the treatment of fruits and vegetables |
| US6107247A (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Biological control of sprouting in potatoes |
| US6193988B1 (en) | 1994-01-13 | 2001-02-27 | Stoner, Ii Richard J. | Tuber planting system comprising chitin or chitosan |
| WO2001072129A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-04 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Acyclic monoterpenes as anti-sprouting agents for potato tubers |
| US6432882B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-08-13 | Christopher W. Yamamoto | Method and apparatus for atomizing an organic compound |
| US20040053787A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2004-03-18 | Knowles Norman R. | Use of alpha beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones to inhibit potato tuber sprouting |
| US20060199739A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-07 | Olav Messerschmidt | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same |
| WO2009023498A1 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-19 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Use of c3 to c14 aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, and primary and secondary c3 to c7 alcohols to inhibit sprouting of potato tubers |
| WO2012031174A2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Enhancement of potato tuber sprouting inhibitors using various combinations of agents |
| US8178145B1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2012-05-15 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Methods and systems for applying sprout inhibitors and/or other substances to harvested potatoes and/or other vegetables in storage facilities |
| FR2990595A1 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-11-22 | Xeda International | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A GAS FLOW CONTAINING AN ESSENTIAL OIL VAPOR, PROCESS FOR TREATING A LOCAL WITH SUCH A GAS, AND DEVICE THEREFOR |
| WO2014190108A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | Amvac Chemical Corporation | Treatment of potatoes and root vegetables during storage |
| US9392805B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2016-07-19 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Methods for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
| US9605890B2 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2017-03-28 | Jmc Ventilation/Refrigeration, Llc | Reverse cycle defrost method and apparatus |
| JP2018505843A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2018-03-01 | アリスタ ライフサイエンス ベネルクス エスピーアールエル | Method for anti-budding tuber treatment using reduced amount of CIPC |
| US10076129B1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-09-18 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Systems and methods for inhibiting spoilage of stored crops |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2728142B1 (en) * | 1994-12-20 | 1999-04-30 | Xeda International | COMPOSITION FOR THE ANTI-GERMINATING TREATMENT OF TUBERS OR BULBS; TREATMENT PROCESS |
| FR2733393B1 (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1999-03-26 | Xeda International | METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR ANTIFUNGAL TREATMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES |
| FR2786664B1 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2001-03-09 | Xeda Internat Sa | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES USING EUGENOL AND / OR ISOEUGENOL AND USE OF A COMPOSITION BASED ON EUGENOL AND / OR ISOEUGENOL |
| ES2385166B1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-01-28 | Ángeles Albánchez Matiaci | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AROMATIZED TUBERCULOS |
| EP3011834A1 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-27 | Agriphar S.A. | Improved tuber storage |
| PE20180979A1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-06-14 | Univ Cesar Vallejo S A C | FORMULATIONS OF ANTIFUNGAL SACHETS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FRUITS IN POST HARVEST STAGE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THESE |
-
1990
- 1990-12-19 US US07/634,853 patent/US5139562A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-12-18 AU AU91582/91A patent/AU9158291A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-12-18 WO PCT/US1991/009591 patent/WO1992010934A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (12)
| Title |
|---|
| Klingman and Ashton, Weed Science: Principles and Practices, Second edit., John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1982, pp. 70 79. * |
| Klingman and Ashton, Weed Science: Principles and Practices, Second edit., John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1982, pp. 70-79. |
| Putnam and Tang (ed.), The Science of Allelopathy, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1986, pp. 1 19, 79 81, 171 218. * |
| Putnam and Tang (ed.), The Science of Allelopathy, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1986, pp. 1-19, 79-81, 171-218. |
| R. Owen Asplund, Monoterpenes: Relationship Between Structure and Inhibition of Germination, Phytochemistry 7: 1995 1997 (1968). * |
| R. Owen Asplund, Monoterpenes: Relationship Between Structure and Inhibition of Germination, Phytochemistry 7: 1995-1997 (1968). |
| T. J. Aliaga and W. Feldheim, Inhibition of Sprouting of Stored Potatoes by the Essential Oil of the Munaplant from South America [in German; English translation attached], Ernahrung 9: 254-256 (1985). |
| T. J. Aliaga and W. Feldheim, Inhibition of Sprouting of Stored Potatoes by the Essential Oil of the Munaplant from South America in German; English translation attached , Ern hrung 9: 254 256 (1985). * |
| T. Reynolds, Comparative Effects of Alicyclic Compounds and Quinones on Inhibition of Lettuce Fruit Germination, Annals of Botany 60: 215 223 (1987). * |
| T. Reynolds, Comparative Effects of Alicyclic Compounds and Quinones on Inhibition of Lettuce Fruit Germination, Annals of Botany 60: 215-223 (1987). |
| W. Feldheim, Practicability and Mode of Action of Quality Storage of Potatoes After Harvest [in German; English translation attached], In Report of Lecture Given to the German Institute for Quality Research (Plant Nutrition Products), Mar. 1985, 6 pp. |
| W. Feldheim, Practicability and Mode of Action of Quality Storage of Potatoes After Harvest in German; English translation attached , In Report of Lecture Given to the German Institute for Quality Research (Plant Nutrition Products), Mar. 1985, 6 pp. * |
Cited By (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5580596A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1996-12-03 | Cpc International Inc. | Sprout inhibitor for potatoes |
| US5849664A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1998-12-15 | B.V. Chemische Pharmaceutische Industrie "Luxan" | Composition suitable for inhibiting potato sprouting and/or fungoid growth |
| US5436226A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-07-25 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Natural suppression of sprouting in stored potatoes using jasmonates |
| WO1995012311A1 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-11 | The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Natural suppression of sprouting in stored potatoes using jasmonates |
| US6193988B1 (en) | 1994-01-13 | 2001-02-27 | Stoner, Ii Richard J. | Tuber planting system comprising chitin or chitosan |
| WO1996013012A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag | Journal store |
| US5858436A (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1999-01-12 | Xeda International | Process for the treatment of fruits and vegetables |
| US5622912A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-04-22 | Platte Chemical Company | Sprout inhibition compositions comprising chlorpropham and substituted naphthalenes and methods of using same |
| US5811372A (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 1998-09-22 | Platte Chemical Company | Method of controlling sprout formation in potatoes by selective application of chlorpropham, carvone, benzothiazole and ethylene |
| US6107247A (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Biological control of sprouting in potatoes |
| WO2000049877A1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-31 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Biological control of sprouting in potatoes |
| WO2001072129A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-04 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Acyclic monoterpenes as anti-sprouting agents for potato tubers |
| US6313073B1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-11-06 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Anti-sprouting agent for potato tuber and a method for producing the same |
| US6432882B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-08-13 | Christopher W. Yamamoto | Method and apparatus for atomizing an organic compound |
| US20040053787A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2004-03-18 | Knowles Norman R. | Use of alpha beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones to inhibit potato tuber sprouting |
| US6855669B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2005-02-15 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Use of α,β unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones to inhibit potato tuber sprouting |
| US20100216644A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2010-08-26 | Olav Messerschmidt | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same |
| US20070049496A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2007-03-01 | Olav Messerschmidt | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same for organic production |
| US20080004183A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2008-01-03 | Olav Messerschmidt | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same |
| US20060199739A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-07 | Olav Messerschmidt | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same |
| US8153561B2 (en) | 2005-03-02 | 2012-04-10 | Cutting Edge Formulations, Inc. | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same for organic production |
| US8273687B2 (en) | 2005-03-02 | 2012-09-25 | Cutting Edge Formulations, Inc. | Limonene-containing herbicide compositions, herbicide concentrate formulations and methods for making and using same |
| WO2009023498A1 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-19 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Use of c3 to c14 aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, and primary and secondary c3 to c7 alcohols to inhibit sprouting of potato tubers |
| US8178145B1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2012-05-15 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Methods and systems for applying sprout inhibitors and/or other substances to harvested potatoes and/or other vegetables in storage facilities |
| US9605890B2 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2017-03-28 | Jmc Ventilation/Refrigeration, Llc | Reverse cycle defrost method and apparatus |
| US8999419B2 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2015-04-07 | Washington State University | Enhancement of potato tuber sprouting inhibitors using various combinations of agents |
| WO2012031174A2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Enhancement of potato tuber sprouting inhibitors using various combinations of agents |
| US20130183419A1 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-07-18 | Washington State University | Enhancement of Potato Tuber Sprouting Inhibitors Using Various Combinations of Agents |
| WO2013174704A1 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-11-28 | Xeda International S.A. | Process for producing a gas stream containing an essential oil vapour, process for treating premises with such a gas, and associated device |
| FR2990595A1 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-11-22 | Xeda International | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A GAS FLOW CONTAINING AN ESSENTIAL OIL VAPOR, PROCESS FOR TREATING A LOCAL WITH SUCH A GAS, AND DEVICE THEREFOR |
| US10189044B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2019-01-29 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
| US9392805B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2016-07-19 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Methods for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
| US11071992B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2021-07-27 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
| US20210354160A1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2021-11-18 | 1, 4 Group. Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
| US11602762B2 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2023-03-14 | 1, 4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
| WO2014190108A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | Amvac Chemical Corporation | Treatment of potatoes and root vegetables during storage |
| JP2018505843A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2018-03-01 | アリスタ ライフサイエンス ベネルクス エスピーアールエル | Method for anti-budding tuber treatment using reduced amount of CIPC |
| US11344039B2 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2022-05-31 | Arysta Lifescience Benelux Sprl | Method for anti-sprouting tuber treatment with reduced amount of CIPC |
| US10076129B1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-09-18 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Systems and methods for inhibiting spoilage of stored crops |
| US10638780B1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2020-05-05 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Systems and methods for inhibiting spoilage of stored crops |
| US10653170B1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2020-05-19 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Systems and methods for inhibiting spoilage of stored crops |
| US11399555B1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2022-08-02 | JMC Enterprises, Inc. | Systems and methods for inhibiting spoilage of stored crops |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU9158291A (en) | 1992-07-22 |
| WO1992010934A1 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5139562A (en) | Inhibition of potato spouting using volatile monoterpenes | |
| Vaughn et al. | Volatile monoterpenes inhibit potato tuber sprouting | |
| Papachristos et al. | The relationship between the chemical composition of three essential oils and their insecticidal activity against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) | |
| US5129951A (en) | Aromatic aldehydes and alcohols as potato tuber sprout inhibitors | |
| Kim et al. | Toxicity and repellency of origanum essential oil and its components against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults | |
| Carter et al. | Termiticidal components of wood extracts: 7-methyljuglone from Diospyros virginiana | |
| Schearer | Components of oil of tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) that repel Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) | |
| US7892581B2 (en) | Compositions and methods for protection of harvested fruits from decay | |
| US6313073B1 (en) | Anti-sprouting agent for potato tuber and a method for producing the same | |
| Matsuda et al. | AEDES MOSQUITOES | |
| Cao et al. | Pinene-rich essential oils from Haplophyllum dauricum (L.) G. Don display anti-insect activity on two stored-product insects | |
| Chu et al. | Composition and toxicity of Chinese Dracocephalum moldavica (Labiatae) essential oil against two grain storage insects | |
| Dhen et al. | Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of Artemisia absinthium essential oil against Rhyzopertha dominica and Spodoptera littoralis | |
| Polatoğlu et al. | Composition, insecticidal activity and other biological activities of Tanacetum abrotanifolium Druce. essential oil | |
| Tonçer et al. | Essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. at different phenological stages in semi-arid environmental conditions | |
| Popoviæ et al. | Effects of essential oil formulations on the adult insect Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)(Col., Tenebrionidae) | |
| El Ayeb‐Zakhama et al. | Chemical composition and allelopathic potential of essential oils from Citharexylum spinosum L. grown in Tunisia | |
| US5635452A (en) | Suppression of sprouting in stored potatoes using aromatic acids | |
| Shixing et al. | Chemical composition and allelopathic potential of the invasive plant Solanum rostratum Dunal essential oil | |
| Yatagai et al. | Composition, miticidal activity and growth regulation effect on radish seeds of extracts from Melaleuca species | |
| JPH01261303A (en) | Insect pest repellent | |
| Flamini et al. | Essential oil from Crithmum maritimum grown in Liguria (Italy): seasonal variation and antimicrobial activity | |
| Polatoğlu et al. | Sitophilus granarius L.(Coleoptera) toxicity and biological activities of the essential oils of tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) schultz bip. | |
| EP1267623B1 (en) | Acyclic monoterpenes as anti-sprouting agents for potato tubers | |
| Baydar et al. | The effects of volatile oils on in vitro potato sprout growth |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO LICENSE RECITED;ASSIGNORS:VAUGHN, STEVEN F.;SPENCER, GAYLAND E.;POWELL, RICHARD G.;REEL/FRAME:005579/0657 Effective date: 19901204 |
|
| FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
| FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
| LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
| FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20000818 |
|
| STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |