US5119679A - Optically powered and linked pressure transducer - Google Patents
Optically powered and linked pressure transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5119679A US5119679A US07/681,854 US68185491A US5119679A US 5119679 A US5119679 A US 5119679A US 68185491 A US68185491 A US 68185491A US 5119679 A US5119679 A US 5119679A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- output signal
- controller
- optical
- sensor
- signal
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
- G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
- G01L19/06—Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
- G01L19/069—Protection against electromagnetic or electrostatic interferences
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/0001—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of elastically deformable gauges by electric, electro-mechanical, magnetic or electro-magnetic means
- G01L9/0008—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of elastically deformable gauges by electric, electro-mechanical, magnetic or electro-magnetic means using vibrations
- G01L9/0022—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of elastically deformable gauges by electric, electro-mechanical, magnetic or electro-magnetic means using vibrations of a piezoelectric element
- G01L9/0023—Optical excitation or measuring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pressure transducers, and particularly to pressure transducers that are adapted to operate in environments that include electromagnetic interference.
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- One way to reduce or eliminate the EMI problem is to use a passive, all-optical sensor.
- an optical signal is transmitted from a control system to the sensor, the optical signal is affected in some manner (e.g., intensity modulation) at the sensor by the quantity being sensed, and the modulated optical signal is then returned from the sensor to the control system for detection.
- some manner e.g., intensity modulation
- a requirement that a sensor cannot include any electronic components places a severe limit on the types of sensor that can be used, and on the quantities that can be sensed.
- all-optical sensors produced to date have been very expensive, and have not been able to match the resolution of electrical sensors.
- a well-known type of sensor makes use of a piezoelectric (e.g., quartz) crystal mounted such that the crystal deforms in some manner in response to pressure.
- the crystal is coupled to a suitable drive circuit such that the combination of the drive circuit and crystal forms a crystal-controlled oscillator, i.e., an electrical oscillator whose oscillation frequency follows the "natural" oscillation frequency of the crystal itself.
- a change in pressure deforms the crystal such that the natural frequency of the crystal changes, causing the oscillator frequency to change. By measuring the frequency of the oscillator, the pressure can be determined.
- An optically-powered strain sensor that utilizes a piezoelectric crystal is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,571.
- a pulsed optical signal is launched through a fiber-optic cable to a remote sensor.
- the optical pulses are converted into a DC voltage, as well as into electrical pulses that are used to drive a quartz crystal into oscillation.
- the oscillation of the crystal generates an AC voltage signal that is fed to a detector that is powered by the DC voltage.
- the detector amplifies the electronic pulses, and converts them into a corresponding optical pulse train which is transmitted back to the drive circuit along a second fiber-optic cable.
- the returned optical pulses are converted by a photocell into an electronic output signal.
- the frequency of the output signal indicates the frequency of vibration of the crystal, and therefore of the strain. This output signal is also used as a feedback signal to modify the frequency of vibration of the original drive circuit.
- the present invention provides a pressure sensing system that is particularly adapted for use in an environment that includes electromagnetic interference (EMI).
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- the pressure sensing system is relatively straightforward in design, and does not require the pressure transducer itself to be divided between separate modules of the system.
- the pressure sensing system comprises an EMI shielded sensor, an EMI shielded controller, and fiber-optic cable means coupling the sensor to the controller.
- the sensor comprises an electronic pressure transducer that includes means for receiving the fluid whose pressure is to be sensed, means for receiving DC electrical power, and means for producing an electronic output signal having a characteristic that encodes the pressure.
- the sensor also includes first conversion means for converting an optical power signal (from the controller) into the DC electrical power for operating the transducer, and second conversion means for converting the electronic output signal into a corresponding optical output signal.
- the controller comprises means for generating the optical power signal, and means for receiving the optical output signal.
- the controller also comprises means for converting the optical output signal into a corresponding electronic output signal.
- the fiber-optic cable means couples the optical power signal from the controller to the sensor, and couples the optical output signal from the sensor to the controller.
- the fiber-optic cable means comprises a single fiber-optic cable for transmitting both optical signals.
- separate cables are used for the power and output signals.
- a preferred pressure transducer is a vibrating crystal pressure transducer, the output signal of which can be demodulated in the controller by a counter.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the pressure sensing system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 A block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the sensing system of the present invention is set forth in FIG. 1.
- the sensing system comprises sensor 12 and controller 14 coupled to one another by a single fiber-optic cable 16.
- the sensor and controller include EMI shielded cases 22 and 24, respectively.
- the cases substantially shield the components located within from electromagnetic interference.
- Case 22 includes an EMI-proof optical connector 26 at which fiber-optic cable 16 enters case 22 while maintaining the EMI shielding.
- Case 24 of controller 14 includes a similar EMI-proof connector 28.
- Sensor 12 includes pressure port 30 at which the sensor receives a fluid (e.g., air) whose pressure is to be measured.
- pressure port 30 includes a conduit 32 having within it a metallic screen or the like, to substantially prevent electromagnetic interference from entering the sensor via the pressure port.
- the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 is an example of an absolute pressure sensor that measures the absolute value of pressure at its port. For a differential pressure measurement, two pressure ports would be used, each preferably with suitable metallic screening.
- the pressure of the fluid is sensed by pressure transducer 40. Transducer 40 receives DC electrical power on line 42, and produces an electronic output signal on line 44 that has some characteristic, such as frequency, that encodes the measured pressure.
- pressure transducer 40 is a vibrating crystal transducer, comprising an electronic drive circuit 50 coupled to piezoelectric crystal 52.
- the combination of drive circuit 50 and crystal 52 comprises an electronic oscillator that oscillates at a frequency substantially equal to one of the natural vibration frequencies of crystal 52.
- the pressure transducer is arranged such that a change in the pressure of the fluid entering port 30 produces a change in the natural vibration frequency of the crystal.
- crystal 52 is mounted on a diaphragm that flexes as the pressure changes. As a result, the natural vibration frequency of the crystal, and therefore the oscillation frequency of the oscillator as a whole, encodes the pressure.
- the preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes a vibrating crystal pressure transducer
- other types of pressure transducers may also be used within the scope of the present invention.
- the principal requirements are that the transducers be capable of operating on relatively low power from a DC voltage, and that the transducer produce an output signal that encodes the sensed pressure.
- a particular advantage of a vibrating beam transducer is that the transducer output is an inherently digital signal i.e., a frequency, that can be readily transmitted to the controller and demodulated at the controller by a relatively simple counting circuit, as described below.
- Suitable vibrating crystal pressure transducers are available from ParoScientific of Redmond, Wash.
- the electronic output signal on line 44 would be routed to controller 14 via an electrical wire, and a second wire (plus a ground wire) would be required to couple electrical power from the controller to the sensor.
- This arrangement would require that all wires include EMI shielding.
- electrical power and the transducer output signal are carried between the sensor and controller via a single fiber-optic cable 16, thereby resulting in a signficant decrease in the shielding requirements of the system.
- sensor 12 includes photovoltaic cell 60, DC regulator 62, output driver 64, optical source (e.g., LED) 66, and beamsplitter 68.
- controller 14 probably produces a DC (i.e., time invariant) optical power signal on fiber-optic cable 16, at a first wavelength ⁇ 1 .
- Beamsplitter 68 is made transmissive at ⁇ 1 , such that the optical power signal passes through the beamsplitter, and strikes photovoltaic cell 60.
- the photovoltaic cell preferably is a high-efficiency type of photovoltaic cell, such as a GaAs photovoltaic cell.
- the photovoltaic cell may also comprise a tandem cell to further maximize efficiency.
- the photovoltaic cell responds to the optical power signal by producing a DC electrical signal on line 70.
- a plurality of photovoltaic cells may be arranged in series such that each receives a portion of the power signal at ⁇ 1 , to produce a suitable voltage level.
- the electrical power signal on line 70 is input to DC regulator 62, the regulator providing filtering to provide a steady DC voltage level on line 42.
- the frequency-modulated output signal produced by transducer 40 on line 44 is input to driver 64 that also derives its electrical power from regulator 62.
- the output of driver 64 drives optical source 66 that emits at a wavelength ⁇ 2 different from ⁇ 1 .
- the combination of driver and optical source converts the FM electrical output signal on line 44 into an equivalent optical "data" signal at wavelength ⁇ 2 .
- Beamsplitter 68 is made reflective at ⁇ 2 , such that the beamsplitter reflects the data signal produced by optical source 66 back into fiber-optic cable 16.
- the controller comprises DC power supply 80, optical source 82, beamsplitter 84, photodetector 86, and counter 88.
- Optical source 82 may comprise, for example, a laser diode, a light-emitting diode, a superluminescent diode, or a xenon lamp.
- DC power supply 80 energizes optical source 82, such that the optical source produces a steady state optical "power" signal at a first wavelength ⁇ 1 .
- DC power supply 80 energizes optical source 82 in a manner that is independent of the optical output signal returned from the sensor, i.e. the DC power supply is not part of a feedback circuit. This produces a significant simplification in comparison to some prior designs.
- Beamsplitter 84 preferably has transmission/reflection characteristics similar to that of beamsplitter 68. Thus beamsplitter 84 transmits the power signal at ⁇ 1 into fiber-optic cable 16. However, the data signal at ⁇ 2 that returns from the sensor via fiber-optic cable 16 is reflected by beamsplitter 84 into photodetector 86. The photodetector produces a corresponding electrical signal on line 90 that is input to counter 88. By counting cycles of the FM data signal over predescribed time intervals, counter 88 demodulates the FM data signal, to produce a pressure signal on line 92 that indicates the sensed pressure.
- sensor 12 and controller 14 could be interconnected by a pair of fiber-optic cables, one fiber-optic cable for coupling the power signal from optical source 82 to photovoltaic cell 60, and a second fiber-optic cable for coupling the data signal from optical source 66 to photodetector 86.
- the beamsplitters would not be needed, and in general a higher optical efficiency would be achieved at the expense of using two cables.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/681,854 US5119679A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1991-04-05 | Optically powered and linked pressure transducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/681,854 US5119679A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1991-04-05 | Optically powered and linked pressure transducer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5119679A true US5119679A (en) | 1992-06-09 |
Family
ID=24737124
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/681,854 Expired - Lifetime US5119679A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1991-04-05 | Optically powered and linked pressure transducer |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US5119679A (en) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5223707A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-06-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Optically powered remote sensor apparatus with synchronizing means |
US5399875A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-03-21 | Simmonds Precision Product, Inc. | Liquid gauging apparatus and remote sensor interrogation |
US5537858A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-07-23 | National Technical Systems, Inc. | System for the nonintrusive monitoring of electrical circuit breaker vessel pressure |
US5627380A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1997-05-06 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Fluid gauging apparatus using integral electrical sensor and a stick gauge |
US5723870A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1998-03-03 | Simmonds Precision Products Inc. | Fluid gauging apparatus using magnetostrictive sensor and stick gauge |
US5727110A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-10 | Rosemount Inc. | Electro-optic interface for field instrument |
US5771114A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-06-23 | Rosemount Inc. | Optical interface with safety shutdown |
US5796890A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1998-08-18 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Bidirectional optically powered signal transmission apparatus |
US5814830A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1998-09-29 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Liquid gauging apparatus with a magnetoresistive sensor and remote sensor interrogration |
US20020161309A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2002-10-31 | Physiometrix, Inc. | Fiber optic power source for an electroencephalograph acquisition apparatus |
US6604423B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2003-08-12 | Smc Kabushiki Kaisha | Pressure sensor, pressure sensor control apparatus, and pressure sensor system |
US20050041917A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-24 | Harres Daniel N. | Apparatus and method for fiber optic link with built-in test |
US20060226841A1 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-12 | Boskamp Eddy B | Wireless rf coil power supply |
US20060289724A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-28 | Skinner Neal G | Fiber optic sensor capable of using optical power to sense a parameter |
US20070062696A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and Apparatus for Photonic Power Conversion Downhole |
US20070143027A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-06-21 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and Apparatus for Borehole Sensing |
US20070165487A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-07-19 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and apparatus for borehole sensing including downhole tension sensing |
US20070165680A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-19 | The Boeing Company | Built-in test for high speed electrical networks |
US20090016715A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | James Furey | Power over optical fiber system |
US20090038794A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2009-02-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | High-temperature downhole devices |
US7840145B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2010-11-23 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and methods for noise-feedback controlled optical systems |
US7941022B1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2011-05-10 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Single fiber optical links for simultaneous data and power transmission |
WO2016203026A1 (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2016-12-22 | Bia | Transmission of information and energy between a mobile sensor and a stationary element |
US20170366228A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-21 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Transmission of power and communication of signals over fuel and hydraulic lines in a vehicle |
US9979491B2 (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2018-05-22 | Teledyne Instruments, Inc. | Subsea power-over-fiber can bus converter |
US20180323880A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2018-11-08 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Optically powered media converter |
US10641673B2 (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2020-05-05 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Optically powered remotely interrogated liquid gauging system |
US11333557B2 (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-05-17 | Raytheon Company | Optically powered cryogenic focal plane array (FPA) with an optical data link |
US12015449B2 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-06-18 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Sensing apparatus and system |
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US4212513A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-07-15 | Sperry Corporation | Pulse transformer technique for optical switch |
US4283114A (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1981-08-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fiber optic light valve |
US4321831A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1982-03-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Digitally compatible optical pressure measurement |
US4325137A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1982-04-13 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd. | Power supply system to terminal equipment through an optical fiber cable |
US4451730A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1984-05-29 | Asea Aktiebolag | Optical measuring apparatus for measuring force or pressure |
US4629323A (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1986-12-16 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Birefringence type measuring device |
US4651571A (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1987-03-24 | Fisher Controls International, Inc. | Strain sensor |
US4652129A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1987-03-24 | Cise - Centro Informazioni Studi Esperienze S.P.A. | Interferometric detector with fibre-optic sensor |
US4678905A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1987-07-07 | Luxtron Corporation | Optical sensors for detecting physical parameters utilizing vibrating piezoelectric elements |
US4833317A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-05-23 | The Boeing Company | Optically powered resolver |
US4848906A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1989-07-18 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Multiplexed fiber optic sensor |
US4897541A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1990-01-30 | Luxtron Corporation | Sensors for detecting electromagnetic parameters utilizing resonating elements |
US4928007A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-05-22 | Deutsche Forschungs- Und Versuchsanstalt Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Opto-electric A/D converter |
-
1991
- 1991-04-05 US US07/681,854 patent/US5119679A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4212513A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-07-15 | Sperry Corporation | Pulse transformer technique for optical switch |
US4325137A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1982-04-13 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd. | Power supply system to terminal equipment through an optical fiber cable |
US4451730A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1984-05-29 | Asea Aktiebolag | Optical measuring apparatus for measuring force or pressure |
US4283114A (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1981-08-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fiber optic light valve |
US4321831A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1982-03-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Digitally compatible optical pressure measurement |
US4629323A (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1986-12-16 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Birefringence type measuring device |
US4652129A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1987-03-24 | Cise - Centro Informazioni Studi Esperienze S.P.A. | Interferometric detector with fibre-optic sensor |
US4651571A (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1987-03-24 | Fisher Controls International, Inc. | Strain sensor |
US4678905A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1987-07-07 | Luxtron Corporation | Optical sensors for detecting physical parameters utilizing vibrating piezoelectric elements |
US4897541A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1990-01-30 | Luxtron Corporation | Sensors for detecting electromagnetic parameters utilizing resonating elements |
US4848906A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1989-07-18 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Multiplexed fiber optic sensor |
US4833317A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-05-23 | The Boeing Company | Optically powered resolver |
US4928007A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-05-22 | Deutsche Forschungs- Und Versuchsanstalt Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Opto-electric A/D converter |
Cited By (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5223707A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-06-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Optically powered remote sensor apparatus with synchronizing means |
US5627380A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1997-05-06 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Fluid gauging apparatus using integral electrical sensor and a stick gauge |
US5399875A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-03-21 | Simmonds Precision Product, Inc. | Liquid gauging apparatus and remote sensor interrogation |
US5723870A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1998-03-03 | Simmonds Precision Products Inc. | Fluid gauging apparatus using magnetostrictive sensor and stick gauge |
US5530258A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-06-25 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Liquid gauging apparatus and remote sensor interrogation |
US5537858A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-07-23 | National Technical Systems, Inc. | System for the nonintrusive monitoring of electrical circuit breaker vessel pressure |
US5814830A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1998-09-29 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Liquid gauging apparatus with a magnetoresistive sensor and remote sensor interrogration |
US5796890A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1998-08-18 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Bidirectional optically powered signal transmission apparatus |
US5727110A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-10 | Rosemount Inc. | Electro-optic interface for field instrument |
US5771114A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-06-23 | Rosemount Inc. | Optical interface with safety shutdown |
US6604423B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2003-08-12 | Smc Kabushiki Kaisha | Pressure sensor, pressure sensor control apparatus, and pressure sensor system |
US20020161309A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2002-10-31 | Physiometrix, Inc. | Fiber optic power source for an electroencephalograph acquisition apparatus |
US20070165487A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-07-19 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and apparatus for borehole sensing including downhole tension sensing |
US7567485B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2009-07-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for borehole sensing |
US7894297B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2011-02-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and apparatus for borehole sensing including downhole tension sensing |
US7696901B2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2010-04-13 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and apparatus for photonic power conversion downhole |
US20070062696A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and Apparatus for Photonic Power Conversion Downhole |
US20070143027A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-06-21 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and Apparatus for Borehole Sensing |
US7840145B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2010-11-23 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and methods for noise-feedback controlled optical systems |
US20050041917A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-24 | Harres Daniel N. | Apparatus and method for fiber optic link with built-in test |
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