US5110854A - Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof - Google Patents
Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US5110854A US5110854A US07/492,346 US49234690A US5110854A US 5110854 A US5110854 A US 5110854A US 49234690 A US49234690 A US 49234690A US 5110854 A US5110854 A US 5110854A
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- nitriding
- water
- stop
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005267 amalgamation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
Definitions
- This invention relates to metal surface coating compositions known as "stop-offs" or “resists” for shielding metal during certain case hardening operations and, more specifically, to a water-based stop-off composition for use in nitriding and in ferritic nitrocarburizing (carbonitriding).
- Case hardening is a heat treating practice by which a thin, hardened "skin" is formed on a steel article.
- Case hardening generally designates any of three types of hardening processes: carburizing wherein carbon is added to low carbon steel, nitriding wherein nitrogen is added, and nitrocarburizing wherein both carbon and nitrogen are added to the steel.
- carburizing the article is exposed to a gaseous carbon containing atmosphere (gas carburization) or packed in a carbonaceous powder (pack carburization) or immersed in a cyanide-salt bath (liquid carburizing) and heated so that the carbon diffuses into the surface of the steel to form the skin.
- the steel article In nitriding, the steel article is placed in a heated nitrogen containing atmosphere (gas nitriding), or the article is placed in a heated cyanide bath (liquid nitriding) so that the nitrogen from the gas or bath diffuses into the surface to form the skin.
- gas nitriding gas nitriding
- liquid nitriding liquid nitriding
- the medium In both liquid carburizing and liquid nitriding, the medium is a molten cyanide salt bath; the temperature at which the case hardening is carried out determines the result).
- Ferritic nitro-carburizing is a combination of gas carburization and nitriding wherein a nitrogen gas, usually ammonia, and an endothermic gas are added to the carburizing gas.
- anti-nitriding and anticarburizing compositions are sometimes employed to shield selected metal surfaces from the nitriding or the carburizing medium, whether gas, liquid or powder. These compositions are called “stop-offs” or “resists.”
- Stop-offs are typically employed to prevent a predetermined portion of the steel from forming a hardened skin so as to facilitate later machining operations on the unhardened areas.
- a stop-off should exhibit certain desirable performance characteristics: the stop-off must be capable of effective application to the articles at room temperatures (preferably by an easily practiced technique, such as by "painting" the article with the stop-off); the stop-off must provide a gas impervious shield which not only resists gaseous penetration at high temperatures but also withstands the stresses and strains caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the underlying article; and the stop-off must be easily removable from the article after the case hardening process is complete.
- Carburizing takes place at substantially higher temperatures than nitriding or ferritic nitrocarburizing so that carburizing stop-off formulations have been different from those used in nitrogen processes.
- Nitriding and ferritic nitro-carburizing are carried out at temperatures lower than those for carburizing.
- Nitrogen process frequently employ a layer of tin on the surfaces of the article to be shielded.
- Electroplating was one technique of providing a tin layer, and where electroplating was not feasible, various tin-bearing coatings have been employed to shield parts of the article. When the article was brought to an elevated operating temperature, the tin in the coating melted to form a coherent, fluent shield.
- a tin technique albeit for prevention of carburization in a cyanide bath, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,485,176, which teaches a copper/tin (bronze) composition in an organic vehicle.
- stop-offs were formulated with combustible or flammable resins, as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 2,485,176, wherein the finely powdered metal particles are dispersed in an organic vehicle so as to be sprayable or paintable on surfaces not required to be case-hardened. If further thinning or dilution of these stop-offs was needed, for example after a period of storage or standing open so as to cause the resin to evaporate, additional flammable resin or solvent therefor had to be handled. Thus, use of many prior stop-offs involved the risk of fire or explosion. It can be appreciated that such stop-offs required special ventilation of the work place as well as special handling and storage facilities. Lastly, flammable stop-offs present transportation problems in that they require special packaging, labeling and handling.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,178,321 teaches a wide temperature range (i.e., from about 800° F. to about 1900° F.) protective coating comprising refractory clays in a water-dispersible resin.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,454,433 discloses low temperature (i.e., below about 1600° F.) protective ceramic coatings comprising frits and refractory materials in both organic solvent type binder carrier and water-base binder carrier.
- 3,661,820 teaches an anti-carburization compound containing boric acid or borax in "water reducible" resins. Although the greater water content of these stop-offs may have improved safety, there was a trade-off in terms of drying techniques and times.
- the '321 patent reports oven drying at 180° F. In the '433 patent, air drying is followed by baking the water-soluble resinous varnish-containing formulation at about 180° C. to thermoset the binder; drying times are reported in the '820 patent to be around eight hours at room or factory temperatures.
- the present invention provides a new and improved anti-nitriding composition
- a water-based alkyd resin having particulate tin suspended therein is safer to use and to transport than flammable prior art formulations and has an air drying time at normal working temperatures comparable to those drying times previously achievable only with organic-solvent based stop-off compositions.
- the new composition is suitable for use as a local shield during the heat treatment of metals to prevent nitriding or ferritic nitrocarburization at temperatures in the range of about 800°F. to about 1150° F.
- the water-based anti-nitriding composition of the present invention is non-flammable and non-combustible, and hence amenable to being freighted by air.
- non-flammable character means that it can be applied in the work place without danger of fire or explosion, and that it can be stored in the work place without special storage provisions, such as a fire-proof cabinet.
- water-based anti-nitriding composition of the present invention is that it is easily applied by brushing or dipping or spraying selectively on the part to be shielded and, after heat treatment, the residue of the composition can be easily removed by brushing or wiping off.
- a metal surface coating composition for selective shielding during heat treatment of the metal surface coated therewith which comprises: a carrier of fast air drying water-reducible alkyd resin having dispersed therein a quantity of granular tin sufficient to form a molten coat of tin thick enough to prevent penetration of the nitriding atmosphere and thin enough so as not to flow onto adjacent metal surfaces; a quantity of filler resistent to degradation at heat treatment temperatures, the amount of filler being sufficient to prevent amalgamation of the molten tin coating so that after heat treatment is complete and the metal surface is cooled, the coating is removable; a quantity of a thixotropic agent sufficient to maintain the tin dispersed in the resin; and a quantity of surfactant in an amount effective to impart paint-like flow characteristics.
- the composition may also include a co-solvent to increase viscosity and decrease the rate of evaporation of the composition, and may further include an antifreeze.
- a preferred fast air drying water-reducible alkyd resin is available from Spencer Kellogg Products as Arolon 585-W-43.
- a preferred co-solvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, available as Butyl Cellosolve from Union Carbide Corporation.
- fast air drying when applied to water-based or water-dispersable alkyd resin means an air drying (water-release) time comparable to vinyl-toluenated or styrenated alkyds, and which is less than about thirty minutes at room or factory temperatures of up to about 30° C.
- drying time of preferred water-based alkyd resins is sometimes so short that, depending on the conditions under which it is used, such as relative humidity, etc., it may be necessary to add a co-solvent to increase viscosity and decrease the rate of evaporation of the resultant composition so that the composition may be applied with a brush or by dipping or by spraying and still stay fluid enough for such application. Even when such characteristics are not affected by the working environment, a co-solvent may be useful simply to enhance the general handling properties of the resultant composition.
- the particulate tin is preferably in powder form, but the particulate size need not be uniform and may vary somewhat, it being known in the art how to chose particulate sizes for optimum behavior at case hardening temperatures.
- a preferred size is about 325 mesh and a preferred range is 38-43%.
- a preferred filler material is titanium dioxide which is resistant t degradation at nitriding and carbonitriding temperatures.
- the titanium dioxide is preferable of powdered form and size 325 mesh, and is available from Tioxide, Inc.
- the thixotropic agent is necessary to keep the particulate tin in suspension during storage and use.
- the particulate tin is extremely dense, so that should it ever settle during storage, it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to resuspend.
- Standard thixotropic agents as are known in the art, are various clay compositions.
- Preferred thixotropic agents are titanates and most preferred are alkanolamine titanates, such as are available from TIL Division, Tioxide UK, Ltd., Cleveland, United Kingdom, under the trade name Tilcom AT23.
- surfactant imparts paint-like qualities to the resin and to the resultant composition, enhancing its paintability and sprayability.
- Preferred surfactants are non-ionic, such as the octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols available from Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Penna., under the trade names Triton 405 and Triton 705.
- a quantity of suitable antifreeze may be included if the composition is expected to be exposed to freezing temperatures during storage or transport.
- Tables I and II below, for the preferred ranges of the ingredients of the inventive stop-offs. It is to be appreciated that the quantities in Table I are expressed as they are for ease of explanation.
- the formulations of Table I are prepared by mixing and grinding 10-14 ounces of resin with the shown amounts of the other ingredients. Grinding of the tin powder should be at high shear to ensure dispersion, but the time of shearing should not exceed five minutes and the temperature of shearing should be kept below about 100° F. to prevent coagulation. The same conditions and precautions are applicable to the addition of titanium dioxide to the mixture.
- the preferred formulation for the composition is shown in Table III, below, and is based on 12 (twelve) fluid ounces of Arolon 585-W-43 as a reference against which the other ingredients are measured. (At a density of 8.9 pounds per gallon, 12 fluid ounces of Arolon 585-W-43 weigh about 355-365 grams. As explained in connection with Table I, above, the preferred formulation is expressed in the listed amounts solely as a matter of convenience, and it will be appreciated that the inventive stop-off may be formulated in fractional and whole number multiples of the amounts given in Table III.
- the amount of tin for 12 oz of resin is preferably between 320 grams and 420 grams.
- Amounts at and below the lower limit do not reliably provide a coherent, fluent molten tin shield at operating temperatures. Amounts at and above 420 grams result in so much molten tin, that after heat treatment, it is necessary mechanically to grind off the metallic amalgam of tin. The preferred amount of tin powder is 360 grams, which gives a nice balance between a coherent shield and an easily brushed off residue after heat treatment.
- the titanium dioxide amount interplays with the amount of tin powder.
- the titanium dioxide acting as a filler, should not be present in such a large amount as to interfere with the tin forming a molten shield at operating temperatures, nor be present in such a small amount as to allow the molten tin shield to cool into a metallic mass which cannot be brushed off after heat treatment.
- An amount of titanium dioxide in the range of about 100 grams to 140 grams is satisfactory, and the preferred amount is 120 grams for 360 grams of powdered tin.
- the amount of thixotropic agent is also somewhat dependent on the amount of dense tin powder and titanium dioxide in the resin.
- An amount of Tilcom AT23 in the range of 8 grams to 12 grams is satisfactory, and the preferred amount, based on 360 grams of tin and 120 grams of titanium dioxide is 10 grams.
- Co-solvent may be added in an amount from about 22 grams to about 28 grams. For the preferred formulation, 25 milliliters of butyl Cellusolve were added. (Cellusolve is a trademark of the Union Carbide Corporation). The co-solvent acts to plasticize the mixture as well as to give the mixture more open-time before drying.
- Antifreeze may be added in an amount from about 17 milliliters to about 23 milliliters.
- the preferred formulation contains 20 milliliters of ethylene glycol.
- the ethylene glycol in addition to acting as an antifreeze, also acts as a plasticizer and as a wetting agent.
- Surfactant may be added in an amount from about 1% to about 5% by wt.
- 2% of Triton 705 was suitable.
- the shelf life of the stop-off of the present invention and made according to the preferred formulation was assessed by making a batch as in Table II and allowing the batch to stand in a closed paint can type container at factory temperatures of up to about 30° F. for six months. At six months, the container was opened and the stop-off was observed to be fluid, of a paintable texture and showed no sign of settling or hardening. The container was reclosed and left to stand for another three months, after which time the container was reopened, the stop-off reinspected and the results of the visual inspection found to be the same as at six months. Reinspection at twelve and fifteen months disclosed the condition of the preparation to be unchanged.
- the highly desirable properties of the stop-off formulation of the present invention may be due to the initial pH of the resin and the buffering action of the other constituents so as to maintain the pH in the range of about 6.5 to 7.5; a pH in this range may prevent the resin from reacting with the tin powder, thus ensuring a long, stable shelf life.
- the preferred thixotropic agent is an organotitanate having a buffering capacity not provided by other usual thixotropics, such as clays.
- the preferred stop-off formulation of Table III was painted onto a section of Nitralloy 135 modified steel and allowed to air dry at room temperature.
- the steel was heat treated for 90 hours at 975° F.-1025° F. After heat treatment, the stop-off residue appeared gray and powdery. The residue was removed from the heat-treated metal by wiping with a brush and then with a soft cloth.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TABLE I ______________________________________ Preferred Ranges ______________________________________ Water-reducible resin 10-14 fluid ounces Tin powder 280-460 grams Titanium dioxide 80-160 grams Thixotropic Agent 6-14 grams Co-solvent 15-35 milliliters Antifreeze 12-30 milliliters Surfactant 1-5% by wt ______________________________________
TABLE II ______________________________________ Preferred Ranges % by weight ______________________________________ Water-reducible resin about 36-45% Tin powder about 40-43% Titanium dioxide about 9-13% Thixotropic Agent about 1-2% Co-solvent about 1-3% Antifreeze about 1-2% Surfactant about 1-5% ______________________________________
TABLE III ______________________________________ Preferred Formulation ______________________________________ Water-reducible resin 12 fluid ounces Aralon 585 (355-360 grams) Tin powder 360 grams (325 mesh) Titanium dioxide 120 grams (325 mesh) Thixotropic Agent 10 grams (Tilcon AT23) Co-solvent 25 milliliters Butyl Cellusolve Antifreeze 20 milliliters Ethylene glycol Surfactant 5% by wt. Triton 405 or 705 ______________________________________
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/492,346 US5110854A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1990-03-08 | Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof |
US07/824,728 US5270374A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1992-01-21 | Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19931088A | 1988-05-26 | 1988-05-26 | |
US07/492,346 US5110854A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1990-03-08 | Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US19931088A Continuation | 1988-05-26 | 1988-05-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US07/824,728 Continuation US5270374A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1992-01-21 | Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof |
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US5110854A true US5110854A (en) | 1992-05-05 |
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US07/492,346 Expired - Lifetime US5110854A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1990-03-08 | Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5256810A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1993-10-26 | The Standard Oil Company | Method for eliminating nitriding during acrylonitrile production |
US5270374A (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1993-12-14 | Ratliff Glenn O | Water-based shielding compositions for locally protecting metal surfaces during heat treatment thereof |
US5723707A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-03-03 | Chevron Chemical Company | Dehydrogenation processes, equipment and catalyst loads therefor |
US5807842A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1998-09-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrocarbon processing in equipment having increased halide stree-corrosion cracking resistance |
US5914028A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1999-06-22 | Chevron Chemical Company | Reforming process with catalyst pretreatment |
US6258256B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-07-10 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Cracking processes |
US6419986B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-07-16 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Ip | Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system |
US6548030B2 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 2003-04-15 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Apparatus for hydrocarbon processing |
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