US510673A

US510673A - Apparatus for combustion

Info

Publication number: US510673A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1893-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 1910-12-12

Description

4 Sheets Sheet 1.

(No Model.) i

" A. BRYCE.

APPARATUS FR GOMBUSTION.

Patented Deo'. l2, 1893.

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' 4`Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

' A. BRYOE.A Y APPARATUS FOR OOMBUSTION.

N0.510,6'Z 3. Pa'tnted'Deo. 12, 1893.

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F h E v (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet:v 3.v

AfBRYGE. APPARATUS PORICOMBUSTION. No. 510,673. Patented Deo. 12, 1893.

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4 sham-sheetl 4.

(No Model.)

A BRYCE APPARATUS FOR G OMBUSTION. A A Nollovsi- Patented--nec--- -12, 189.3,

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,.NITED STATES PATENT Erica- ANDREW Enron, or ALLEGH'ENY, AssrcNoR or NINE-TWENTIETHS To -cHAELEs A. oBEIEN, or PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS 1FOR *COiViBUSTlOh-i.

SPECIFICATION forming pari-.of Letters Patent No. 510,673, dated December 12, 189.3. pplicationiiiled Jnne', 1892.: Serial No. 437,231. (No model.)

,with hot air pipes entering and leaving said hollow shaft. Fig. 3, is a sectionpar'tly in plan through the furnace on linea-'cof Fig` 6. Fig. .itis a view partly in elevatin'and partly in vksection on line m-m of Figf6., Fig. 5, is a sectional plan on line n-nof Fig. 6. Fig. 6, is a lvertical section on line s-S of Fig.

Fig. 18, and also a sectional plan view of one of the auxiliaries. Fig. 8, is a front elevation auxiliaries. away rearview of one of the fire arch bricks. Fig. 10,`is a vertical central section of one of the injector nozzles. Fig. 11, is a front perspective view of re arch brick.A Fig. 12, is a plan of double brick for fire arch and p-p of Fig. 7.

The purposes of my invention generally stated are directed toward attaining prac` tically perfect combustion in all kinds of furnaces and the consequent prevention of smoke or soot. f

In the accompanying drawings which make part of this application I show my method and devices applied to the furnace of van ordinary stationary boiler for illustration, but it is understood that it may be applied to all forms of steam generators. l

In the several views 1, is a boiler having a stack 2, and steam drum 3.

4 is the usual brick work of the furnace.

The upper andforward end of the boiler is inclosed inthe sheet, iron envelope 5 which communicates with hot airtlues 6-6 built in both side walls of the furnace.

7, is a mud drum running transversely/.of

3. Fig. 7'-, is a sectionalk plan on line o-Uof Fig. 13 is a central verticalsection 'on linef The hollow Shaft 22, is surrounded by a 'dethe furnace and supported upon the brick pier 9. It is connected with the boiler the steam pipe 10. Connected with saiddrum is the water jacket V'11, a longitudinal section thereof being substantially fish-hooked in appearance as seen in Fig. 1.l Said'water leg has a number of forward extensions 12 connecting with the front water leg 3, which forms the front wall of the furnace above the line of the grate. This water jacket 1l, with the extension 12, formsthe roof of what Icall the'inner combustion chamber, 14. The bottom of said combustion chamber is formed by concaved grate bars 15, 16.

Ofver the front end of the water jacket 11 is what. I term aspraying conduitlfl." This is formed by' the line of arched brick 18-18, which are shown in views 9, 11 and 12. These bricks have a very great number of pe'rforations extending in various directions.v 7 o Returning now to the sheet iron envelope 5, -19 is the opening for cold air which Venterof the central injector and pipesl leading tot yfing said envelope circulates through-the flues Fig. 9, is a perspective brokenA -''where it becomes thoroughly heated, by the waste heat, thence out of 'said ues by theopening 20, thence by pipe 2ly seen in Flg. 1, to the far side of a hollow shaft `22 to be subsequently described; thence through said hollow shaft, and thence by pipe23 toa central injector hereinafter described.

, Returning now to the hollow shaft, 22;- this lies at the base of a hopper 23, said hopper being fed by an elevator 24C from bin 25.

tachable worm .26 adjusted to dierent lon- S5 gitudinal positions on said hollow shaft by set screws 27. .2S- 28, are different sized pulleys or other equivalent devices to give variable speeds to the shaft. Attached to said shaft is also a cam 29, with connectionslead- 9 ing to the grate .bars to automatically shake them. Vhen the worm 26 is set forward toward the pulleys it enters a burr 30 and pulverizes the fuel fed into the hopper; when f setv back .it acts only as a feed and pushes the fuel forward into chamber 3l connecting with hot air pipe 312,l leading to furnace. This hot air pipe bears along'the iinely divided fuel to the central ejector.

I will now'describe' the path of the oil to roo the several injectors: 3l is an elevated oil tank. Leading therefrom is pipe 32 which passes through a length of superheated steam pipe 33, where the oil is converted into a vapoigor at least highly heated. 1 Emerging from said superheatcd steam pipe the oil vapor passes to the central and two auxiliary side injectors by

pipes

34, 35 and 36.

The path of the steam is as follows: 37 is the steam drum from which leads a pipe 38 containing wet steam which is siiperheated in passing through the outer combustion chamber of the furnace and connects with pipe 33 described before. The pipe 33 before described as containing the oil pipe emerges from the front of the furnace and runs in three separate branches to the central and two auxiliary injectors. 4The auxiliary injectors also receive hot air from the het air lines through

pipes

39,39.

The construction of the three injectors is substantially the same so that a description of one will do for all. These injectors are best seen in Figs. 7, 8, l0 and 13. The injector consists of a shell 40, into which is screwed a short pipe length 4l, which connects said main shell 40 with a T. 42 having drain cock 43. Into said pipe length 4l, is screwed jet 44, which may have a'variable opening to increase or decrease the blast power. The drain cock, 43, is screwed inside a plug 45 which has opening 46 which when the plug is rotated communicates with steam pipe and regulates admission ot steam into the injector. 47 :is a short screw threaded sleeve which connects the shell 40 with a mixer 48. This sleeve 47 by being advanced or drawn back from the jet varies the amount of the blast. 49, 49 are pipes for admitting natural gas when the apparatus is used to supplement a natural gas suppl y. The mixer 48, has side branches, 50, 50 to distribute the force of the blast to the auxiliary injectors and leave just siiflicient force to the blast at the central injector to carry the particles of solid fuel to the far end of the inner coinbustion chamber. The

mixers

48, 48, of the side injectors have an additional member 5l screwed therein making it a compound injector receiving hot air at 52 and cold air at 53, if desired. Otherwise 53 may be closed by a cap 54.

The whole apparatus is provided with a sufiicient number of suitable valves to work any part independently.

The operation of my device is as follows: A re of coke or suitable fuel is made on the grate bars of the furnace and maintained until a head of about five pounds of steam is obtained to start the injectors. Coal preferably slack or dust fuel, having been delivered into the hopper, if it is necessary I pulverize it there in the necessary amount; if not,I change the pulverizer into a mere feeding device for gaging the quantities of fuel needed to keep up the fires. This is done by a simple re-arrangement of the rotating shaft or threaded device in the hopper. lvleair time, the air which has entered the jacket around the boiler and traversed the hot air fines 6-6, has become thoroughly heated and passes by pipe 2l through hollow shaft '22. The coal dust is fed by the worm to the pipe 31a, and both air and coal pass to the. shell 40 of the central injector. I'Iere the jet 4 4 throws in mingled steam and superheated oil which has entered behind the steam jet as seen in Fig-.13. This steam jet makes avacnum at shell 40 which causes a strong siiction in the pipe 3l, and causes the steam, oil vapor, hot air and coal particles to pass through the sleeve 47 with the mixer 48. I` lie reduced diameter of the sleeve 4'7 greatlyincreases the force ofthe blast as it enters the mixer 48. From there the force of. the blast is lessened and drawn oft by suctionto the

side branches

50, 50 to the auxiliary 1njectors while the solid particles of fuel are sprayed out from the incandescent. mixer 48 in a thin wide 'stream in the direction given by the tip of the mixer which is directed to strike the central line of the fuel defiector within the inner combustion chamber. lThe solid particles of fuel have just about enough momentum to carry them to this point. l he under surface of the concaved" roof ofthe combustion chamber spreads and scatters them in every direction over the grateupon which is a glowing fire and they are readily and completely consumed. The oil vapor, steam and gases in order to escape from said inner combustion chamber must retraverse its length as the entrance and exit are one and the same opening. During these two passages through this area of heated space within this chamber and over the grate,these gaseous vapors become highly heated audignted and escape in an intense ame fiom the inner combustion chamber. p

In order to avoid dampening the fire Ipi'efer to pass the steam through a steam separator 32", of the ordinary type seen in Fig. 6 before it enters the furnace. Meantime the auxiliary side injectors have beensupplied with the mingled oil and steam 'whiclihavc been delivered by said injector into the conduit formed by the perforated bricks above the inncrcombustion chamber. Through the numerous perforations in said bricks this heated oil vapor and steam is delivered in a multitude of fine jets which meet the pro ducts of combustion escaping from theinner combustion chamber, mingle with them and pass through the full length of the outer combustion chamber in an intense and smokeless Vflame and finally escape through the iiues to to the stack. I may use for `suction andblast either (a) a single jet of gas, steam or superheated steam or all combined in one motor jet, (b) or a blast composed of a jet of heated, or superheated oil and steam or supei'heated steam, combined, as a motor blast, (c) or a combined air or hot air and steam or superheated steam jet as ainotorblast, (d) or either IIO 1. In a stoking apparatus the combination of a hopper, arotatinghollow shaft at the base of said hopper, a detachable worm surrounding said shaft, devices for setting said Worm at various points on said shaft and a burr in which said Worm may turn as a pulverizer.

2. In aninjector for fuelin furnacesamixer having a slot like delivery opening at one end, lateral openings at the other to draw off l by suction the excess of blast.

3. The combination of a central injector; two side injectors and communicating pipes between the two side injectors and the central injector to draw o from the latter the excess of blast and utilize same in the side injectors.

In testimony whereof I havehereunto set my hand this 7th day of June, A. D.l892.

ANDREW BRICE.`

Witnesses:

WM. L. PIERCE, WILLIAM BEAL.