US504922A - Territory - Google Patents

Description

f 4 sheets-sneer. 1. HARTT.

GRAVITY PUMP.

Patented Sept. `-12, 1893.

(Ne Model.)

ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. A, VHART-T.v GRAVITY PUMP.

No. 504,922. Patented Sept. 12,1893

LSWD Y .UrvoR/VEYS,

(No Model.) "4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

LW. A. HARTT. GRAVITY PUMP.

No. 504,922. Patented sept. 12, 189s..

W/NESSES.' 4

@gm-ff@ (No Model.) 4 sheetssheet 4 W'. A. HARTT. GRAVITY PUMP. v No. 504,922.v lPatented Sept-12, 189,3.

l' R5. T

ATTORNEYS.

lNrrnp STATES VPATENT Fries.

WILLIAM ALLEN HARTT, OF TUCSON, ARIZONA TERRITORY.v

GRAVITY-PU MP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 504,922, dated September 12, 1893. Application led VFebruary 1893. Serial No. 462,510- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM ALLEN HARTT,

of Tucson, in the county of Pima and Territory of Arizona, have invented a new and Improved Gravity-Pump, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The' object of the invention is to providea new and improved gravity pump which operates automatically and is more especially designed for raising water or other liquids out of mines, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, &c., and depositing the discharge at a point lower than the level from which the liquid is raised.

The invention consists of two sets of cylinders, each set containing two cylinders of dit'- ferent diameters, one set being located beyond the other, connected pistons of different diameters traveling in each set of cylinders,

. drawings forming apart of this specification,

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are cross sections of the same in different positions; and Figs. 9 and l0 are enlarged transverse sectionsof an air valve for one `of the outer cylinders. Fig. ll is an elevation, partly in section, showing the arrangement and connections of the several parts 0f my improved gravity pump.

The improved machine is operated by two columns of liquid ofdierent weights, and is jp than asi-.phon or other contrivance, dependcapable of being operatedata greater depth ing on atmospheric pressure.

Fig. a is an' The pump, as shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, is applied to a mine and consists principally of the three parts A, A', and A2, of which the u part A is located in the bottom of the mine shaft B, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the top part A is located at the upper end B of the mine shaft, as illustrated in Fig. 2, and the part A2 is located on the outside of the mine at the point B2, which is below the bottom of the mine shaft B. The partA (see Fig. l) is provided with a suction pipe O, extending into the liquid accumulating in the bottom of the mine shaft B, and in this suction pipe C are arranged two suction valves C and O2, of which the latter opens into the lower end of a vertically-disposed cylinder D connected near its lower end with an upwardly-extending pipe E passing through the mine shaft B and opening at its upper end into a tank F Vlocated on the upper end B of the mine shaft as shown in Fig. 2.

In the lower end of the pipe E is a check valve F. for. disconnecting the pipe E and the cylinder D. In the latter is mounted to travel a piston D"provided with a piston rod forming the piston G for a cylinder G, arranged above the cylinder D, but in alignment with the same, as plainly illustrated in Fig. l. The piston G passes through suitable stuffing boxes in the adjacent ends of the cylinders D and Gso asv to prevent leakage. From the upper end of the "piston G extends a small rod Gzfpa'ssing ,through a suitable stuffing box in the upper end of the cylinder G, the outer end offthis rod being connected with one end offa rope G3 passing over a pulley Gtand supporting at its other end a weight G5.

From the upperend of the cylinder G leads asmall pipe H which extends upward through the mine shaft B and passes into and through the tank F to then extend downward, as at H', on the outside of the mine to the point B2 located below the lower point of the mine shaft B, as previously mentioned.

From the bottom of the tank F leads a pipe I which extends alongside the pipe H'on the outside of the mine to the point B2, as will be readily understood by reference to Figs. 2 and 3. In the lower end of this pipe I which is about of the same size as the pipeE and consequently larger than the pipes H, H', is arranged a regulating valve I for controlling ICO 4theroutfloweof the liquidrfrom thelower end of thesadfpipe I. -ThevalvelLi-dischargesi into an elbow J containing a valve J and connecting with a cylinder Kdisposed hor-i 5 zontally and provided with a piston K havingfaupiston rodfwhichrfforms theUpiston-Lf. for a cylinder L arranged in line with the cylinder K, but considerably smaller in diameter than the latter, as will be"read-ilyandere stood by reference to Fig. 3. The outer end of this cylinder L is connected with the lower evid'of .thepipe H.

In order to control a.uto.matically,.the movee. ment of the valve J arranged in the elbow J, y, ,15 and shown in, detail in Figs', 6, 7 and 8, I provide a shiftingmechanism v0 'presently to "be ydescribed andactuated from/jthe'piston vKz-, For. this purpose, then piston AKfis'povided; Vv:with`- afrod :'O Y'extendingthroughsuitable .12of`stufngboxes' inthe. endtof th'efcylinder K J' andfhavingtitsbearing Nnearfjts outer end in c. nlV -ars`11itable"bracket O2. v

"On the rod'O. is secured afc'an'rP-form-ed" w'ithfour steps IP', P2, P3, and P4l adapted to` vloe-'engaged'b'yafffriction' rolle'r-'-Q'l heldxona" 'lQe'verQ'pivoted' at `Q2 Ona suitable "bracket," v"thesaid lever. beingformed .witli ra down'l f ivardly-extendin g arm QS pivotal'lyconnected by a link J2 with an-arm Jsecured'to thel i- R pivotally-'c'on'nectedbyvan armwR with ,theh cam'Pat R2. so'that when the' cam is moved 235l forward' or backward,I -the'weight Ris shifted v on the lever Q for the lpurpose'hereinafter ..zgfully described; The valveJisformed with aipoirt'f-J1 adaptedftoconnect'with the ports roller` Q. follows they raisedpart Pas the said frolleris-heldagainstthe latter bytheweight v fr' ,15g-.forward endof the lever Qswings upward in -1 *thedirect-ionof the arrow b,"so that .the arm y-.Q'vpushes 'the link J2. tothe leftwherebythe isterwith the. po'rts'J5 and Jilin the elbow J .f

' n' 6o..7l`hus communication isestablished between the, pipe I and the cylinder K,so.that the piston K therein is forced forward'in the directin'of the arrow a slowly.V atprst, then gradt Vually;increasing in speed until the. rollerl Q( .65 has reached fa' 4point near. the-center of the Scam P. '.AtV this point the valve J is openedy toits fullest extent, asindicatediin Fig. 6.

1 'y oste'mof kthe valvefJ; as'. plainiy illustrated in-f Fig. 3. n 'the 'lever Qvis mounted tofsliderafvwei'ghit l Ja'ndJ.6 to establish. communication-between `j .Y 5o ngin the same Adirection,thenthet'frictionV t# Ri-pressing on the outerv end of the lever Q. f .1 As thef'cam P travels inthis direction, the

valve J isfturned .to moveitsport'Ji in regiy When :the roller-Q11` has yreached the center of the cam Pthe WeightR has. also reached the center or fulcrum point of the lever Q and when the Weight has passed this point then the roller Q is caused to bear down onto the cam part P2, as thefweightiR 4isthen on that side of the lever Q -between its fulcrum and the roller Q. The friction roller Q traveling on -`:tfheicam part P2 causes a swinging of the lever Q in the inverse direction of the arrow b', so that the valve J is gradually rotated back :ias the :frictiontrollerrQ '.nears :the right hand end-of-thetcam part P2. Now, when the friction roller has reached this point the valve J is back to its original position, as illustrated in Figf, and'lisadmittingonlya s'mallstream 'offwaterrfrom 'thef-pipe Izf'to `the 'cylinder K.

rPhe 'pistnfKisthen moving very slowly near -.-the-inner endI ofitsstroke.M Thervveight R has nowiabont-reachfed the forward endiof the lever Q=rne`ar the-frictionrollferQ E'sol that the '.latter-sudden-lydrops thefrightahand end suddenlyt-hrownover fromzthe position shown l'in Figi tothatf shownin'Fig: 8;--w-hereby the JVp'ort J4;i's entirely-disconnectedfrom the ports 'J5 ar'idzJi and th-e'outlet"port opens a very :smal-l' 'discharge`v by lregisteringslight] y with theport J5: vAsf'soon as thewater-begins to ischargefrom the cylinder through this out-let p'rtJ7,the-piston/Kreturns onits back '.strbkebyf-virteof thefwei-ghtof thewater in :pipe H.' The: friction roller-Qfnowl follows the cam parts P3 andtP. until ithe valve again "assumes the*position-shownin Figi. 8, it being understood that the valveopens -fully to theexhaustfas shown in Figfjwhile the frictionirollierfQftravelslalon-g the camfpart P3 and again commences to-close'durin-gthe time the friction roller Qrtrav'elsralong the cam 'fpartP .Whelrthe frictionjrollerliinally slips "off the left hand endrof 'thecam part'Pi, then 'it'movesin contact-With Atheunder side of the fcjamf' part Pf; whereby the valvefJfis moved =back to its original position shownin Fig. 3, thusestablishing a very-slight communication Vbetween the lpipe Pand the Ycylinder K, to'rsta'rt the Vpiston'K therein onsits return stroke: 'i ,Thiscontrivance does awayrwith the shock caused by-reversing the Ehea'vycolu mn of'water toosuddenly andl at the Asame time leaves zno= dead` center-to be overcome by balance wheels or other means.

The. speedrof the gravity pum-p depends on the discharge lof the watenpwGonsequently theival'vexlf can besetto admit more or less `watermo vtheval'veY J; thereby `increasing or :diminishing the speed-'of thepump.

'On the forward end'of thecylinder K is ar- .ranged'af small `air valveStwhichfserves to prevent .axvacu um in the'cylinderzK and also permits `the escapeofl any water that'may leak past the pist-on It will'be seenthat when v the-pistonjK 'moves linthe Ainverse direction of .the arro`w a;; a vacuum willrbe'for'med be- 'hindit' and the resistancelof this vacuum per square inch will-dependen the point of the IOC Y possible.

stroke at which the valve S closes, andthe total resistance will be the difference in the area of the pistons K' and L' multiplied by the resistance per square inch. Now, in order to prevent this vacuum, I automatically open the valve S at the proper time, and for this purpose I form the stem S' of the valve with a ring S2 (see Figs. 9 and l0), through which passes a rod T mounted to-slide longitudinally and attached at its outer end to a bracket projecting from the cam P. 0n this rod T is fitted a sleeve T' adapted to` be secured. in place on the rod by a set screwT2 or other means. The forward end T3 of the sleeve T' is cone-shaped so as to enter the ring S2 and thereby raise the latter, the stem S' and the valve S, at the time the piston K' moves forward in the direction of the arrow a' and nears the end of its forward stroke. It will be seen that. when the sleeve T' enters the ring S2, the valve S is raised and held oif its seat until the sleeve is withdrawn atthe time the piston K' is on its return stroke. It will further be seen that the valve S can be lifted at any time in case water accumulates in front ofthe piston K', so that this water is forced out through the open valve. l

On the pipe I-I in the tank F is arranged a filling valve H2 for admitting water lost by leakage, into the pipes H and H'. This valve H2 is shown in detail in Fig. 4. and isprovided with a hollow metallic ballH3 preferably made of aluminum so as to'be sufficiently light to float on the water. This ball H3 is confined wit-hin a metallic casing H4 provided on its top with an elastic valve seat H5 held in place by the apertured cap H6 of the casing H2. The inlet opening H7 in the cap H6 and seat H5 is preferably cone-shaped with the apex end inward, the inward end being adapted to be closed by the ball H5. In the bottom of the casing H2 are outlet openings H8 which discharge into the pipes H, H'. The space around the upper part of the ball H2 is made very narrow, the object being to float the ball, or seat the same with as little water as Now, it will be seen that if a very small quantity of water should escape from the pipes H and H', the ball H3 will fall as soon as the pressure `is removed which occurs at the end of every discharge or right hand stroke if any water be lacking in H and II', so as to allow a sufficient quantity of water to' enter the pipes H, H', to refill the same, whereby the ballv H3 will again' rise `upward and close the opening H7.

The operation is vas follows: When the several parts of the machine are in the position shown in the drawings and the pipes and cylinders are filled with water, as shown, then the valve J' is just opening tor permit water to flow from the lower end of the pipe I to the cylinder K, the piston K' of which is then at the outer end of the cylinder. Now, suppose for illustration, that the mine shaft B has a depth of two hundred feet from which it is desired to raise the water and deposit it at the point `B2 located three hundred feet down theihill from the top B'. The figures given are supposed to represent the perpendicular depth below the tank F to the water level in the shaft B on the one hand, and fron'rthe tank F to the discharge port J 7 in the valve J on the other. N ow, we will further suppose that the approximate available area of each of the pistons L and G', is fifty inches oreight inches in diameter. The area of the piston K' is three hundred and fourteen inches or about twenty inches in diameter, `and that of the piston D' is, say three hundred and thirty inches, or twenty and one-half inches in diameter. The object of the difference between the pistons D' and K' is to give a surplus of water in the tank F for a purpose hereinafter stated. The dead weight G5, shown in Fig. land previously described, is supposed to weigh Vslightly more than the combined weight of the pistons D' and G', and the weight exerted by the water in the suction pipe and also the weight exerted by the water in the pipe H from the tank F to the piston G. The object of the dead weight G5 is to raise the pistons D' and G' with their load whenever the pressure is released from the pipe II', and to displace the water in the cylinder G through the pipe H when the vacuum caused in the cylinder D below the vpiston D will cause the water to enter the suction pipe C at the lower end or foot valve G', and thence into the cylinder D, where it is retained by the valve O2. Y

It will be obvious that the motive power and resistances are as follows: The motive power is composed rst of the pressure exerted on the piston K' bythe water in pipe I and secondly of the pressure exerted on' the IOO piston G' by the water in pipe H. The components of the resistance acting against the said motive power are, first, theY pressure exerted on the piston D' by the water` `in pipe E, secondly the weight G5, and thirdly, the pressure exerted on thepiston L' by the water in pipe H'. l will now proceed to ascertain the numerical values of these components. There is in the pipe I, a column of water three hundred feet high, which when the valve J' is open, exerts a pressure on the piston K', as follows: three hundred and fourteen square inches multiplied by .434: (which is the weight of one square inch of water one foot high) equals one hundred and thirty-six pounds multiplied by three hundred feet equalsforty ythousand eight hundred pounds, `total pressure on the piston K'. This pressure is transferred to the piston L' as the latter is rigidly connected with the piston K'. The length of the pipe H being say one hundred and. seventy feet, the pressureon the piston G' exerted by the water in the said pipe `will amount to one hundred and seventy feet multiplied by .4:34 equals 73.78 pounds per square inch multiplied by fty square inches equals three thousand six hundred and eighty-nine pounds. The total motive powertherefore IZO amounts to forty thousand eight hundred plus three thousand six hundred and eightynine equals forty-four thousand four hundred and eighty-nine pounds.

The components of the resistance are as follows: In the pipe E we have a column of water two hundred feet high, less the length of the suction pipe C, say fifteen feet equals one hundred and eighty-live feet. This forms a resistance against the piston D', as follows: Three hundred and thirty square inches multiplied by .434 equals one hundred and fortythree pounds multiplied by one hundred and eighty-tive feet equals twenty-six thousand four hundred and titty-five pounds equals the weight to be lifted in the pipe E. In addition to this there is to be raised the dead weight G5 which weighs as much as the pistons G and D plus the weight of the water in the suction pipe, and the column of water in the pipe H plus a certain amount to aid in overcoming friction. The weight of the suction column exerted on the piston D is three hundred and thirty multiplied by .434 equals one hundredV and forty-three multiplied by tifteen feet equals two thousand one hundred and forty-five pounds plus the weight of the water in H which is three thousand six hundred and eighty-nine pounds, plus say one thousand four hundred pounds, as weight of pistons and surplus to move the pistons equals to seven thousand two hundred and thirty-fourponnds, which is the amount of the dead weight G5 and added to the previous twenty-six thousand four hundred and fifty-five pounds, makes thirty-three thousand six hundred and eighty-nine pounds. In addition there is the pressure of the column of water in the pipe H exerted against the-piston L, and amounts to fifty multiplied by .434 equals 21.7 multiplied by three hunred equals six thousand tive hundred and ten pounds, which added to the thirty-three thousand six hundred and eighty-nine pounds equals forty thousand one hundred and ninety-nine pounds. This is the total resistance against the forces tending to move the pistons K and G. Now, when the valve l is opened as illustrated in Fig. 3 and water is admitted` all friction and forces the pistons K and L" ahead, which in turn force the pistons G and D downward, the same distance, so as to causel a displacement of the water in the cylinder D'through the check valve E in the lower end of the pipe E.

When the water is cut off by the valve J" as previously explained and a discharge commences through the port J7, then the pistons L and K move on the retu-rnstroke in the inverse direction of the arrow a by the surplus weight of the columrr of water in the pipe H. This amountis as follows:` Allowing that the valve S is set so asto form a vacuum at the end of the stroke of thev piston K of twelve pounds per square inch, the' weight of the column of water in the pipe'y H is; calculated to be six thousand tive hundred and ten pounds exerted on the piston L and the vacuum holding back the pistonl K will amount to three hundred and fourteen" square inches less titty square inches-equal to thetwo hundred and sixty-four square inches multiplied by twelve poundsequals three thousand one hundred and sixty-eight pounds; This amount will leave a surplus of six thousand five hundred and ten minus three thousand one hundred and sixtyeight equals three thousand three hundred and forty-two pounds to cause a discharge through the port J 7 and at the same time this vacuum also gives three thousand one hundred and sixty-eight pounds toward starting the column of water on the return stroke over and above the gurespreviously stated. But this force is notcont-inuous and falls olf to nothing'as soonv as the column acquires momentum. Thefdead weight G5 draws the pistons G and=D upward-at the time the pressure is relieved from thepipe H, thereby raising the water in the pipe'thedistance equal to the contents of thecylinderG and also drawing another cylinder full of water through the suction pipe C into the lower end of the cylinder D. The operationisithen repeated as before described. If, through any cause, a small quantity of water should escape from the pipes H and H by leakage through the pistons, then inasmuch as the pistons K and L must make'a full stroke of a given length and the up piston stroke of the pistons D and G always terminate at the same point, this would cause a vacu-um at the valve H2 in the tank F. As soon' as this takes place the ball H3 falls and the water rushes from the tank F in and through the casing E12-and ports Hinto the pipes H and H to refill the same at each discharge stroke. From this it will be understood why -th'e cylinder D is made of sixteen square inches greater capacity than the cylinder K. On a ten foot stroke it will pump nineteenV hundred and twenty cubic inches or about eight and one-half gallons more than' cyl'inder'K would use at every stroke and' still leave the surplus working power above mentioned. In cases where long lengths of pipes are used more surplus weight can be given tothe dead weight G5 by deducting it from thesurplus IOO IIO

of four thousandy two hundred and ninety V 1. A gravity pump comprising two set-sv of cylinders, each set containing two cylinders of different diameters and one set being located below the other, connected pistons of different diameters traveling in each set of cylinders, pipes of varying diametersI and `each set containing two cylinders of ditterent diameters, connected pistons of different diameters traveling in each set ot cylinders, pipes of varying diametersand length connecting said two sets of cylinders with each other a valve automatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, and a tank located above the said sets of cylinders, and connected with the said sets of pipes, substantially as shown and described.

3. A gravity pump comprising two sets ot' cylinders located one below the other and each set containing two cylinders of different diameters, connected pistons of different diameter traveling in each set ot' cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting the said two sets of cylinders with each other a valve automatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, a tank located above the said sets of cylinders, and connected with the two larger pipes, and an inlet valve arranged in the said tank at the junction of the twosmaller pipes, substantially as shown and described.

4. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located below the other and each set containing two cylinders of dierent diameter, connected pistons of different diameter traveling in each set of cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two sets of cylinders with each other a Valve automatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, atank located above the said sets of cylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, and a suction pipe connected with the largest cylinders of the uppermost set of cylinders, substantially as shown and described.

5. A gravity pump comprising two sets ot' cylinders, each set containing two cylinders of different diameter and one set being located below the other, connected pistons of difterent diameter traveling in each set ot cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting the said two sets ot cylinders with each other, and an outlet valve operated automatically and located between one of the cylinders of the lowermost set of cylinders and the lowermost end of the largest pipe, substantially as shown and described.

6. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located below the other and each set containing two cylinders of different diameter, connected pistons ot different di ameter traveling in each set of cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two sets of cylinders with each other, a tank located above the said sets of cylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, a` suction pipe connected withthe largest of the cylinders ot' the uppermostset of cylinders, and a check valve arranged in the lower end of the said suction pipe, substantially as shown and described.

7. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located below the other and each set containing two cylinders ot' different diameter, connected pistons of diierent diameter traveling in each set ot cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two sets of cylinders with each other, a tank located above the said sets of cylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, and a valve automatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, substantially as shown and described.

8. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located below the other and each set containing two cylinders of dierentdiameter, connected pistons of ditterent diameter traveling in each set of cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two sets of cylinders with each other, a tank located above the said sets of cylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, a valve automatically controlling the IOO inlet to and outlet from the largest lower-V most cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, and an automat-ic device controlled frorn the piston in the largest outermost cylinder' andadapted to actuate the said valve, substantially as shown and described.

9. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located below the other and each set containing two cylinders of Adifter- `ent diameter, connected pistons of dierent diameter traveling in each set of cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length. connecting said two sets of cylinders with each IIO other, a tank located above the said sets of t cylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, a valve automatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, and an air valve arranged in the largest outermost cylinder and adapted to be actuated from the piston therein, substantially as shown and described.

l0. A gravity-'pump comprising two sets ot cylinders, one located below the other and each set containing two cylinders of diderent diameter, connected pistons of difieren-t diameter travelingein eachset ot cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two sets of cylinders with each other, atank located above the said sets of cylinders and` connected with the: saidv sets-of pipes, a valve automatically controlling the inlet to and outlet fromi thev largest lower'- most cylinder from the lower endV of the largest outermost pipe, an air valve arranged;4 in thel largest outermost cylinder and adapted to be actuatedl from the pis-ton therein, and means, substantially asv-described., for

actuating the said valve from the piston oli the said largest outermost cylinder, substantially as. shown and described.

11. A gravitypulnp comprising-two setsof S. E. BROWN..

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