US5041457A - Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides - Google Patents
Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- This invention relates to synergistic antimicrobial or biocidal compositions including an isothiazolone and one or more of known biocides for more effective and broader control of micro-organisms in various industrial systems and for household products, agricultural products, and biomedical products, etc.
- the present invention relates to the use of a composition of 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (also known as 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone or 2-n-octylisothiazolone) with one or more of the following 21 compounds: 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine; ⁇ -benzoyl- ⁇ -chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; 5-hydroxypoly(m
- the isothiazolones are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,761,488; 4,105,431; 4,252,694; 4,265,899 and 4,279,762, and elsewhere.
- the 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (octhilinone) is a superior fungicide with relatively lower activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
- the low activity against Gram negative bacteria has limited its uses in industrial systems where both bacteria and fungi are fouling the systems. To control these situations requires a higher concentration of octhilinone, which increases the cost of the treatment. Therefore, it is useful to find compositions which are more effective and exert broader control.
- compositions formed from 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and one or more of the 21 specified compounds (supra) within specified range of ratios unexpectedly afforded synergistic antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms.
- the synergy in which the disruptive action on the organisms by the two compounds together is greater than the sum of both compounds taken alone does not arise from the expected activity of the components or from the expected improvement in activity.
- the effective dose which can be lowered is not only more economical but also increases safety margin.
- the synergistic compositions provide more effective and broader control of microorganisms in a number of industrial systems.
- synergistic antimicrobial compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to: inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in aqueous paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, latex emulsions, and joint cements; preserving wood; preserving cutting fluids, controlling slime-producing bacteria and fungi in pulp and papermills and cooling towers; as a spray or dip treatment for textiles and leather to prevent mold growth; protecting paint films, especially exterior paints, from attack by fungi which occurs during weathering of the paint film; protecting processing equipment from slime deposits during manufacture of cane and beet sugar; preventing microorganism buildup and deposits in air washer or scrubber systems and in industrial fresh water supply systems; preserving fuel; controlling microorganisms contamination and deposits in oil field drilling fluids and muds, and in secondary petroleum recovery processes; preventing bacterial and fungal growth in paper coatings and coating processes; controlling bacterial and fungal growth and deposits during the manufacture of various specialty boards, e.g., carboard and particle board
- synergistic compositions of the invention may be added separately to an industrial system or may be formulated as a simple mixture comprising its essential ingredients, and if desired a suitable carrier or solvent, or as an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
- compositions of octhilinone and one or more of the following compounds when employed at specified range of ratios exhibit synergistic biocidal and antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms: 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl) aminoethanol; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine; ⁇ -benzoyl- ⁇ -chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; 5-hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane; di
- the invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae in a locus subject to contamination by bacteria, fungi or algae, which comprises incorporating into or onto the locus in an amount which is effective to adversely affect the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae one or more of the synergistic combinations described above.
- the composition of the invention can be formulated as a solution in water. While the amount of the instant composition in the formulated solution can vary over a wide range, the solutions can conveniently be formulated to contain from about 20 to about 400 ppm of the composition in solution, with the preferred range being from about 25 to 200 ppm of the composition.
- other solvents which are water-miscible such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethyl ether, and the like, may be employed in order to aid in solubilizing the active components.
- various other conventional additives may be employed, such as surfactants, dispersing agents, corrosion inhibitors, and the like.
- the ratio of the first component to second component is in the range of from about 150:1 to about 1:400.
- the other specific and preferred ratios are given in the examples.
- MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
- MBC minimum biocidal concentration
- QA concentration of compound A in parts per million (ppm), acting alone, which produced an end point.
- test medium by either trypticase soy broth (TSB) or a minimal salt medium+0.2% glucose (M9G);
- the MBCId means MBC determined after 1-day exposure to biocides.
- MBC2d means MBC determined after 2-days exposure to biocides, etc.;
- compositions demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activities as measured by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and synergistic biocidal activity as measured by minimum biocidal concentrations (MBC), and show surprisingly greater activity than the algebraic sum of the individual ingredients which make up the respective composition.
- MIC minimum inhibitory concentrations
- MSC minimum biocidal concentrations
- the synergistic activities in most cases are applicable to bacteria, fungi, and a mixture of bacteria and fungi.
- the combinations not only lower the use-level of biocide but also broaden the spectrum of activity. This is especially useful in situations where either component alone does not achieve the best results due to weak activity against certain organisms.
- the synergistic activity against Gram-negative bacteria is most significant in situations where both bacteria and fungi are present in the system.
- octhilinone-containing compositions Another example is provided below to demonstrate the advantage of using octhilinone-containing compositions.
- a combination of octhilinone and 5-hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane (DBO) was evaluated for the control of fouling bacteria and fungi in a metalworking fluid.
- the test was a 4-week multiple challenge efficacy test.
- Octhilinone, DBO, and the combination of octhilinone and DBO were added to specified concentrations into 50 ml use dilution of the metalworking fluid in 4 oz. jars.
- Each jar was then inoculated weekly with a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi isolated from naturally contaminated metalworking fluid to make final concentration of about 2 ⁇ 10 6 fungi and 2 ⁇ 10 7 bacteria per ml of fluid.
- the viable counts were determined 7 days after each inoculation by 10-fold serial dilutions and platings on Trypicase Soy Agar (Difco) for bacteria and on Rose Bengal Agar with 100 ppm chloramphenicol (Oxoid) for fungi. Results of such tests are shown in Table 23. Rating of efficacy is based on generally accepted criteria in the metalworking fluid industry that >10 5 bacteria or 10 3 fungi per ml failed the efficacy test, and less than 10 5 bacteria and 10 3 fungi passed the test.
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Abstract
Synergistic antimicrobial and biocidal compositions comprising 2-n-octyl-4-isothizolin-3-one and one or more known biocides for more effective, and broader control of miccroorganisms in various industrial systems are disclosed.
Description
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 322,455, filed Mar. 10, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,892.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to synergistic antimicrobial or biocidal compositions including an isothiazolone and one or more of known biocides for more effective and broader control of micro-organisms in various industrial systems and for household products, agricultural products, and biomedical products, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a composition of 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (also known as 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone or 2-n-octylisothiazolone) with one or more of the following 21 compounds: 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine; α-benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; 5-hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane; dipropylamine ether; dodecylamine; N-(hydroxymethyl)-N'-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea; 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride; 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane; N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenyl-N'-(fluorodichloromethylthio)sulfamide; N,N'-di(hydroxmethyl)-5,5'-dimethylhydantoin; 2-bromo-2-nitropropanediol; methylene-bis-thiocyanate; and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol.
2. Prior Art
The isothiazolones are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,761,488; 4,105,431; 4,252,694; 4,265,899 and 4,279,762, and elsewhere. The 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (octhilinone) is a superior fungicide with relatively lower activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The low activity against Gram negative bacteria has limited its uses in industrial systems where both bacteria and fungi are fouling the systems. To control these situations requires a higher concentration of octhilinone, which increases the cost of the treatment. Therefore, it is useful to find compositions which are more effective and exert broader control.
It has been discovered that compositions formed from 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and one or more of the 21 specified compounds (supra) within specified range of ratios unexpectedly afforded synergistic antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. The synergy in which the disruptive action on the organisms by the two compounds together is greater than the sum of both compounds taken alone does not arise from the expected activity of the components or from the expected improvement in activity. As a result of the synergy, the effective dose which can be lowered is not only more economical but also increases safety margin. The synergistic compositions provide more effective and broader control of microorganisms in a number of industrial systems.
It is the principal object of this invention to provide the use of synergistic compositions which overcome the disadvantages of the known biocidal compositions.
Important applications of the synergistic antimicrobial compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to: inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in aqueous paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, latex emulsions, and joint cements; preserving wood; preserving cutting fluids, controlling slime-producing bacteria and fungi in pulp and papermills and cooling towers; as a spray or dip treatment for textiles and leather to prevent mold growth; protecting paint films, especially exterior paints, from attack by fungi which occurs during weathering of the paint film; protecting processing equipment from slime deposits during manufacture of cane and beet sugar; preventing microorganism buildup and deposits in air washer or scrubber systems and in industrial fresh water supply systems; preserving fuel; controlling microorganisms contamination and deposits in oil field drilling fluids and muds, and in secondary petroleum recovery processes; preventing bacterial and fungal growth in paper coatings and coating processes; controlling bacterial and fungal growth and deposits during the manufacture of various specialty boards, e.g., carboard and particle board; preventing sap stain discoloroation on freshly cut wood of various kinds; controlling bacterial and fungal growth in clay and pigment slurries of various types; as a hard surface disinfectant to prevent growth of bacteria and fungi on walls, floors, etc.; as a preservative for cosmetic and toiletry raw materials, floor polishes, fabric softeners, household and industrial cleaners; in swimming pools to prevent algae growth; inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeasts, fungi on plants, trees, fruits, seeds, or soil; preserving agricultural formulations, electrodeposition systems, diagnostic and reagent products, medical devices; protecting animal dip compositions against the buildup of microorganisms, and in photoprocessing to prevent buildup of microorganisms, and the like.
The synergistic compositions of the invention may be added separately to an industrial system or may be formulated as a simple mixture comprising its essential ingredients, and if desired a suitable carrier or solvent, or as an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
Compositions of octhilinone and one or more of the following compounds when employed at specified range of ratios exhibit synergistic biocidal and antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms: 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl) aminoethanol; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine; α-benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; 5-hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane; dipropylamine ether; dodecylamine; N-(hydroxymethyl)-N'-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea; 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride; 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane; N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenyl-N'-(fluorodichloromethylthio)sulfamide; N,N'-di(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 2-bromo-2-nitropropanediol; methylene-bis-thiocyanate; and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol.
The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae in a locus subject to contamination by bacteria, fungi or algae, which comprises incorporating into or onto the locus in an amount which is effective to adversely affect the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae one or more of the synergistic combinations described above.
The composition of the invention can be formulated as a solution in water. While the amount of the instant composition in the formulated solution can vary over a wide range, the solutions can conveniently be formulated to contain from about 20 to about 400 ppm of the composition in solution, with the preferred range being from about 25 to 200 ppm of the composition. In formulating the solutions, other solvents which are water-miscible, such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethyl ether, and the like, may be employed in order to aid in solubilizing the active components. Furthermore, various other conventional additives may be employed, such as surfactants, dispersing agents, corrosion inhibitors, and the like.
In general, the ratio of the first component to second component is in the range of from about 150:1 to about 1:400. The other specific and preferred ratios are given in the examples.
The synergism of these two-components compositions is demonstrated by testing a wide range of concentrations and ratios of compounds, generated by two-fold serial dilutions in a liquid growth medium of a biocide in one dimension and another biocide in the second dimension, against a bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) or a fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 11651), or a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi which are natural contaminants of a metalworking fluid. Each test tube was inoculated to about 2×107 bacteria per ml or 2×106 fungi per ml. The lowest concentrations of each compound or mixtures to inhibit visible growth (turbidity) at 37° for E. coli and at 30° C. for C. albicans, or the mixed culture for over 2 days is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The lowest concentration of each compound or the mixtures to kill 99.99% of fungi or 99.999% of bacteria after certain period of exposure from 1 day to 7 days is taken as minimum biocidal concentration (MBC). Both MIC and MBC are taken as end points of activity. End points for the mixtures of compound A and compound B were then compared with the end points for compound A alone and compound B alone. Synergism was determined by a commonly used and accepted method described by Kull, F. C.; Eisman, P. C.; Sylwestrowicz, H. D. and Mayer, R. L., in applied Microbiology 9:538-541 (1961) using the ratio determined by
Qa/QA+Qb/QB=Synergy Index (SI)
wherein
QA=concentration of compound A in parts per million (ppm), acting alone, which produced an end point.
Qa=concentration of compound A in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point.
QB=concentration of compound B in ppm, acting alone, which produced an end point.
Qb=concentration of compound B in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point
when the sum of Qa/QA and Qb/QB is greater than one, antagonism is indicated. When the sum is equal to one additivity is indicated, and when less than one synergism is demonstrated.
The test results for demonstration of synergism of biocide combinations are shown in Table 1 through Table 21. Each table is organized to show:
1. the specific combination of compound A and compound B;
2. test against E. coli or C. albicans, or a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi;
3. test medium by either trypticase soy broth (TSB) or a minimal salt medium+0.2% glucose (M9G);
4. the method of evaluation by either MIC or MBC. The MBCId means MBC determined after 1-day exposure to biocides. MBC2d means MBC determined after 2-days exposure to biocides, etc.;
5. the end-point activity in ppm measured by MIC or MBC for compound A alone (QA), for compound B alone (QB), for compound A in the mixture (Qa), or for compound B in the mixture (Qb);
6. the calculation for synergy index (SI) based on the formula SI=Qa/QA+Qb/QB, and for the ratio of compound A to compound B in the synergistic combinations (Qa:Qb);
7. the range of ratios for synergism and the preferred ratios.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 2-(Hydroxymethyl)amino-2-
methylpropanol
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5
1000.0
1.3 500.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1:400
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
62.0 2.0 31.0 0.02
0.50
0.52
1:16
125.0
62.0 8.0 16.0 0.06
0.26
0.32
1:2
125.0
62.0 62.0
8.0 0.50
0.13
0.63
8:1
MBCId 250.0
250.0 16.0
31.0 0.06
0.12
0.19
1:2
250.0
250.0 31.0
16.0 0.12
0.06
0.19
2:1
250.0
250.0 62.0
8.0 0.25
0.03
0.28
8:1
MBC4d 125.0
62.0 2.0 31.0 0.02
0.50
0.52
1:16
125.0
62.0 8.0 16.0 0.06
0.26
0.32
1:2
125.0
62.0 62.0
8.0 0.50
0.13
0.63
8:1
MBC7d 125.0
62.0 2.0 31.0 0.02
0.50
0.52
1:16
125.0
62.0 8.0 16.0 0.06
0.26
0.32
1:2
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 2(Hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 8:1 to 1:16.
The preferred ratios are 1:2 to 1:16.
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 2-(Hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
62.0 4.0 31.0 0.03
0.50
0.53
1:8
125.0
62.0 62.0
8.0 0.50
0.13
0.63
8:1
MBCId 250.0
500.0 62.0
16.0 0.25
0.03
0.28
4:1
MBC4d 125.0
62.0 4.0 31.0 0.03
0.50
0.53
1:8
125.0
62.0 62.0
8.0 0.50
0.13
0.63
8:1
MBC7d 125.0
62.0 4.0 31.0 0.03
0.50
0.53
1:8
125.0
62.0 62.0
8.0 0.50
0.13
0.63
8:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 1.3
1000.0
0.6 31.0 0.50
0.03
0.53
1:50
MBCId 1.3
1000.0
0.6 125.0
0.50
0.13
0.63
1:200
MBC4d 1.3
1000.0
0.6 125.0
0.50
0.13
0.63
1:200
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 2(Hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 8:1 to 1:200.
The preferred ratios are 1:8 to 8:1
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MBC 125.0
50.0 16.0 25.0 0.13
0.50
0.63
1:1.6
MBC 125.0
50.0 2.0 25.0 0.02
0.50
0.52
1:1.25
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.0 25.0 0.5 3.1 0.25
0.12
0.37
1:6.2
2.0 25.0 1.0 0.1 0.50
0.00
0.50
10:1
MBC2d 2.0 25.0 1.0 0.4 0.50
0.02
0.52
25:1
MBC6d 2.0 25.0 1.0 0.8 0.50
0.03
0.53
1.2:1
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
10.0 62.0 0.6 0.50
0.06
0.56
100:1
125.0
10.0 16.0 2.5 0.13
0.25
0.38
6.4:1
125.0
10.0 2.0 5.0 0.02
0.50
0.52
1:2.5
MBCId 125.0
20.0 62.0 0.6 0.50
0.03
0.53
100:1
125.0
20.0 31.0 2.5 0.25
0.13
0.37
12.5:1
125.0
20.0 8.0 5.0 0.06
0.25
0.31
1.5:1
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0
12.5 8.0 5.0 0.03
0.40
0.43
1.5:1
MBCId 250.0
50.0 31.0 20.0 0.12
0.40
0.52
1.5:1
MBC2d 250.0
50.0 31.0 20.0 0.12
0.40
0.52
1.5:1
MBC6d 250.0
12.5 8.0 5.0 0.03
0.40
0.43
1.5:1
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 5Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 100:1 to
1:12.5.
The preferred ratios are 1.5:1 to 1:12.5.
TABLE 4
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and
Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine
calculations
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/ Qa:
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB SI Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G
MIC 125.0 16.0 62.0 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 16:1
MBCId 250.0 125.0 62.0 16.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 4:1
MBC4d 125.0 16.0 62.0 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 16:1
MBC7d 125.0 16.0 62.0 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 16:1
______________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Hexahydro1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 16:1.
The preferred ratios are 4:1 to 16:1.
TABLE 5
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and α-Benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
500.0
8.0 125.0
0.06
0.25
0.31
1:15
125.0
500.0
31.0 62.0 0.25
0.12
0.37
1:2
125.0
500.0
62.0 31.0 0.50
0.06
0.56
2:1
MBCId 250.0
500.0
4.0 250.0
0.02
0.50
0.52
1:62
250.0
500.0
62.0 62.0 0.25
0.12
0.37
1:1
250.0
500.0
125.0
2.0 0.50
0.00
0.50
62:1
MBC4d 125.0
500.0
8.0 125.0
0.06
0.25
0.31
1:15
125.0
500.0
31.0 62.0 0.25
0.12
0.37
1:2
125.0
500.0
62.0 31.0 0.50
0.06
0.56
2:1
MBC7d 125.0
500.0
8.0 125.0
0.06
0.25
0.31
1:15
125.0
500.0
31.0 62.0 0.25
0.12
0.37
1:2
125.0
500.0
62.0 31.0 0.50
0.06
0.56
2:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 1.0
2000.0
0.3 31.0 0.25
0.02
0.27
1:100
MBC2d 2.0
2000.0
0.3 31.0 0.13
0.02
0.15
1:100
MBC6d 1.0
2000.0
0.3 31.0 0.25
0.02
0.27
1:100
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 250.0
2000.0
125.0
62.0 0.50
0.03
0.53
2:1
MBC2d 250.0
2000.0
125.0
62.0 0.50
0.03
0.53
2:1
MBC6d 250.0
2000.0
125.0
62.0 0.50
0.03
0.53
2:1
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = α-Benzoylα-chloroformaldoxime
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 62:1 to 1:100.
The preferred ratios are 2:1 to 1:2.
TABLE 6
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and Benzylbromoacetate
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 12.5 0.1 3.1 0.03
0.25
0.28
1:40
2.5 12.5 0.3 1.6 0.12
0.13
0.25
1:5
test against a mixed culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0
100.0 62.0 50.0 0.25
0.50
0.75
1.2:1
MBC2d 250.0
200.0 62.0 50.0 0.25
0.25
0.50
1.2:1
MBC6d 250.0
200.0 62.0 50.0 0.25
0.25
0.50
1.2:1
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
12.5 31.0 1.6 0.25
0.13
0.38
20:1
125.0
12.5 16.0 3.1 0.13
0.25
0.38
5:1
MBCId 125.0
25.0 62.0 1.6 0.50
0.06
0.56
40:1
125.0
25.0 31.0 3.1 0.25
0.12
0.37
10:1
125.0
25.0 16.0 12.5 0.13
0.50
0.63
1.2:1
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Benzylbromoacetate
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 40:1 to 1:40.
The preferred ratios are 10:1 to 1:5.
TABLE 7
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and p-Chloro-m-xylenol
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
250.0
8.0 125.0
0.06
0.50
0.56
1:15
125.0
250.0
62.0 62.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
1:1
MBCId 250.0
250.0
8.0 125.0
0.03
0.50
0.53
1:15
250.0
250.0
62.0 62.0
0.25
0.25
0.50
1:1
MBC4d 125.0
250.0
8.0 125.0
0.06
0.50
0.56
1:15
125.0
250.0
62.0 62.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
1:1
MBC7d 125.0
250.0
8.0 125.0
0.06
0.50
0.56
1:15
125.0
250.0
62.0 62.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
1:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 62.0
1.3 8.0
0.50
0.13
0.63
1:6.2
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 125.0
125.0
62.0 31.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
2:1
MBCId 125.0
125.0
62.0 31.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
2:1
MBC2d 125.0
125.0
62.0 31.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
2:1
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = pChloro-m-xylenol
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2:1 to 1:15.
The preferred ratios are 2:1 to 1:15.
TABLE 8
__________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA
Qb/QB
SI Qa:Qb
__________________________________________________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0
125.0
62.0 31.0
0.50
0.25
0.75
2:1
MBC4d 125.0
125.0
62.0 62.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1:1
MBC7d 125.0
125.0
62.0 62.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 0.3 31.0 0.1 8.0 0.26
0.26
0.52
1:100
0.3 31.0 0.2 2.0 0.52
0.06
0.58
1:10
MBCId 0.6 31.0 0.1 8.0 0.13
0.26
0.39
1:100
0.6 31.0 0.2 2.0 0.26
0.06
0.32
1:10
MBC4d 0.6 31.0 0.1 8.0 0.13
0.26
0.39
1:100
0.6 31.0 0.2 2.0 0.26
0.06
0.32
1:10
__________________________________________________________________________
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Bis(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2:1 to 1:100.
The preferred ratios are 2:1 to 1:10.
TABLE 9
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and p-Tolyldiiodomethylsulfone
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = -p-Tolyldiiodomethylsulfone
calculations
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 100.0 2.0 50.0 0.01 0.50 0.51 1:25
250.0 100.0 125.0
0.8 0.50 0.01 0.51 150:1
MBC2d 250.0 100.0 2.0 50.0 0.01 0.50 0.51 1:25
250.0 100.0 125.0
0.8 0.50 0.01 0.51 150:1
MBC6d 250.0 100.0 2.0 50.0 0.01 0.05 0.51 1:25
250.0 100.0 125.0
0.8 0.50 0.01 0.51 150:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 4.0 6.2 0.3 0.8 0.06 0.13 0.19 1:3.2
4.0 6.2 0.5 0.4 0.13 0.06 0.19 1.2:1
4.0 6.2 1.0 0.2 0.25 0.03 0.28 5:1
MBC2d 4.0 6.2 0.3 0.8 0.06 0.13 0.19 1:3.2
4.0 6.2 0.5 0.4 0.13 0.06 0.19 1.2:1
4.0 6.2 2.0 0.2 0.50 0.03 0.53 10:1
MBC6d 4.0 6.2 0.3 0.8 0.06 0.13 0.19 1:3.2
4.0 6.2 0.5 0.4 0.13 0.06 0.19 1.2:1
4.0 6.2 1.0 0.2 0.25 0.03 0.28 5:1
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MBC2d 125.0 25.0 62.0
6.2 0.50 0.25 0.75 10:1
125.0 25.0 31.0
12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5:1
test against a mixed culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 50.0 31.0
12.5 0.12 0.25 0.37 2.5:1
MBCld 250.0 200.0 62.0
25.0 0.25 0.13 0.37 2.5:1
MBC2d 250.0 200.0 62.0
25.0 0.25 0.13 0.37 2.5:1
MBC6d 250.0 50.0 31.0
12.5 0.12 0.25 0.37 2.5:1
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 150:1 to 1:25.
The preferred ratios are 2.5:1 to 1:25.
TABLE 10
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and
3-lodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 3-lodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate
calculations
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 200.0 125.0
100.0
0.50 0.50 1.00 1.2:1
MBC2d 250.0 200.0 125.0
100.0
0.50 0.50 1.00 1.2:1
MBC6d 250.0 200.0 125.0
100.0
0.50 0.50 1.00 1.2:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.0 6.2 0.3 1.6 0.13 0.26 0.38 1:6.2
2.0 6.2 1.0 0.2 0.50 0.03 0.53 5:1
MBC2d 2.0 6.2 0.5 1.6 0.25 0.26 0.51 1:3.1
2.0 6.2 1.0 0.2 0.50 0.03 0.53 5:1
MBC6d 2.0 6.2 0.5 1.6 0.25 0.26 0.51 1:3.1
2.0 6.2 1.0 0.2 0.50 0.03 0.53 5:1
test against E. coli M9G medium
M9G 62.0 3.1 2.0 1.6 0.03 0.52 0.55 1.2:1
MBC2d 62.0 50.0 31.0
3.1 0.50 0.06 0.56 10:1
62.0 50.0 2.0 25.0
0.03 0.50 0.53 1:12.5
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 200.0 31.0
100.0
0.12 0.50 0.62 1:3.1
MBCld 250.0 400.0 31.0
100.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:3.1
MBC2d 250.0 400.0 31.0
100.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:3.1
MBC4d 250.0 200.0 31.0
100.0
0.12 0.50 0.62 1:3.1
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 10:1 to 1:12.5
The preferred ratios are 5:1 to 1:3.1.
TABLE 11
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 5-Hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-
methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 5-Hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-
methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane
Method calculations
of eval-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
ation QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 125.0 250.0 62.0 125.0
0.50 0.50 1.00 1.2
MBC2d 125.0 500.0 31.0 250.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:8
125.0 500.0 62.0 125.0
0.50 0.25 0.75 1:2
MBC6d 125.0 500.0 8.0 250.0
0.06 0.50 0.56 1:31
125.0 500.0 62.0 125.0
0.50 0.25 0.75 1:2
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.0 1000.0 0.3 31.0
0.13 0.03 0.16 1:125
2.0 1000.0 1.0 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50 2:1
MBC2d 2.0 1000.0 0.3 31.0
0.13 0.03 0.16 1:125
2.0 1000.0 1.0 4.0 0.50 0.00 0.50 1:4
MBC6d 2.0 1000.0 0.3 31.0
0.13 0.03 0.16 1:125
2.0 1000.0 1.0 4.0 0.50 0.00 0.50 1:4
test against E. coli M9G medium
MIC 125.0 62.0 31.0 31.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:1
MBCld 125.0 125.0 62.0 31.0
0.50 0.25 0.75 2:1
125.0 125.0 16.0 62.0
0.13 0.50 0.62 1:4
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 500.0 31.0 125.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:4
MBCld 250.0 1000.0 31.0 125.0
0.12 0.13 0.25 1:4
MBC2d 250.0 500.0 31.0 125.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:4
MBC6d 250.0 500.0 31.0 125.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:4
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2:1 to 1:125.
The preferred ratios are 1:4 to 1:31.
TABLE 12
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and Dipropylamine ether
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Dipropylamine ether
Method calculations
of eval-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
uation QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 31.0 2.0 16.0 0.02 0.52 0.53 1:8
125.0 31.0 8.0 8.0 0.06 0.26 0.32 1:1
125.0 31.0 62.0 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 31:1
MBCld 250.0 62.0 62.0 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 8:1
250.0 62.0 2.0 31.0 0.01 0.50 0.51 1:16
MBC4d 125.0 31.0 16.0 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.64 1:1
125.0 31.0 62.0 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 31:1
MBC7d 125.0 31.0 2.0 16.0 0.02 0.52 0.53 1:8
125.0 31.0 62.0 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 31:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 1.3 125.0 0.6 16.0 0.50 0.13 0.62 1:25
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 125.0 50.0 31.0 6.2 0.25 0.12 0.37 5:1
125.0 50.0 8.0 12.5 0.06 0.25 0.31 1:1.6
MBCld 125.0 50.0 31.0 6.2 0.25 0.12 0.37 5:1
125.0 50.0 16.0 12.5 0.13 0.25 0.38 1.3:1
MBC2d 125.0 50.0 31.0 6.2 0.25 0.12 0.37 5:1
125.0 50.0 16.0 12.5 0.13 0.25 0.38 1.3:1
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 500.0 31.0 50.0 0.12 0.10 0.22 1:1.6
250.0 500.0 62.0 25.0 0.25 0.05 0.30 2.5:1
MBC6d 250.0 500.0 62.0 25.0 0.25 0.05 0.30 2.5:1
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 8:1 to 1:25.
The preferred ratios are 2.5:1 to 1:6.
TABLE 13
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and Dodecylamine
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Dodecylamine
Method calculations
of eval-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/
uation QA QB Qa Qb QA Qb/QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 100.0 31.0 25.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 1.2:1
MBCld 250.0 200.0 31.0 25.0 0.12 0.13 0.25 1.2:1
MBC2d 250.0 100.0 31.0 25.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 1.2:1
MBC6d 250.0 100.0 31.0 25.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 1.2:1
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 25.0 62.0 6.2 0.50 0.25 0.75 10:1
125.0 25.0 31.0 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5:1
MBCld 125.0 25.0 31.0 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5:1
MBC2d 125.0 25.0 31.0 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5:1
125.0 25.0 62.0 6.2 0.50 0.25 0.75 10:1
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 10:1 to 1.2:1.
The preferred ratios are 2.5:1 to 1.2:1.
TABLE 14
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and N-(hydroxymethyl)-N'-
(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-
(hydroxymethyl)urea
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = N-(hydroxymethyl)-N'-(1,3-
di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-
imidazolidinyl-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea
Method calculations
of eval-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
uation QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 500.0 31.0 250.0
0.12 0.50 0.62 1:8
MBCld 250.0 1000.0 62.0 500.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:8
MBC2d 250.0 1000.0 31.0 250.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:8
MBC6d 250.0 1000.0 31.0 250.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:8
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 125.0 31.0 62.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:2
MBCld 250.0 500.0 16.0 125.0
0.06 0.25 0.31 1:8
250.0 500.0 31.0 62.0
0.12 0.12 0.25 1:2
250.0 500.0 62.0 31.0
0.25 0.06 0.31 2:1
MBC4d 125.0 125.0 31.0 62.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:2
MBC7d 125.0 125.0 31.0 62.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:2
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 125.0 500.0 62.0 250.0
0.50 0.50 1.00 1:4
MBC2d 125.0 1000.0 31.0 500.0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1:16
125.0 1000.0 62.0 250.0
0.50 0.25 0.75 1:4
MBC6d 125.0 1000.0 8.0 500.0
0.06 0.50 0.56 1:62
125.0 1000.0 62.0 250.0
0.50 0.25 0.75 1:4
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2:1 to 1:62.
The preferred ratios are 1:2 to 1:8.
TABLE 15
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 1-(3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-
azoniaadamantane chloride
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 1-(3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-
azoniaadamantane chloride
Method calculations
of eval-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
uation QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 125.0 16.0 62.0
0.13 0.50 0.62 1:4
125.0 125.0 62.0 31.0
0.50 0.25 0.74 2:1
MBCld 250.0 1000.0 62.0 125.0
0.25 0.13 0.37 1:2
250.0 1000.0 31.0 250.0
0.12 0.25 0.37 1:8
250.0 1000.0 8.0 500.0
0.03 0.50 0.53 1:62.5
MBC4d 125.0 125.0 16.0 62.0
0.13 0.50 0.62 1:4
125.0 125.0 62.0 31.0
0.50 0.25 0.74 2:1
MBC7d 125.0 125.0 16.0 62.0
0.13 0.50 0.62 1:4
125.0 125.0 62.0 31.0
0.50 0.25 0.74 2:1
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2:1 to 1:62.5.
The preferred ratios are 2:1 to 1:4.
TABLE 16
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 1,2-Dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 1,2-Dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane
Method calculations
of eval-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
uation QA QB Qa Qb QA QB Sl Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 125.0 250.0 31.0 50.0 0.25 0.20 0.45 1:1.6
MBC2d 125.0 250.0 62.0 50.0 0.50 0.20 0.70 1.2:1
MBC6d 125.0 250.0 62.0 50.0 0.50 0.20 0.70 1.2:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 62.0 1.3 4.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 1:3.2
2.5 62.0 0.6 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 1:25
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 62.0 25.0 31.0 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 10:1
62.0 25.0 8.0 6.2 0.13 0.25 0.38 1.2:1
62.0 25.0 4.0 12.5 0.06 0.50 0.56 1:3.2
MBCld 62.0 100.0 31.0 3.1 0.50 0.03 0.53 1:1.6
62.0 100.0 8.0 12.5 0.13 0.13 0.25 1:1.6
62.0 100.0 4.0 50.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 1:12.5
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 50.0 16.0 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 1:1.6
MBCld 250.0 400.0 62.0 50.0 0.25 0.13 0.37 1.2:1
MBC2d 250.0 200.0 31.0 50.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 1:1.6
MBC6d 250.0 200.0 16.0 25.0 0.06 0.13 0.19 1:1.6
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 10:1 to 1:25.
The preferred ratios are 1.2:1 to 1:3.2.
TABLE 17
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenyl-N'-
fluorodichloromethylthio)sulfamide
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenyl-N'-
(fluorodichloromethylthio)sulfamide
calculations
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB SI Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 500.0 62.0 62.0
0.50 0.12 0.62 1:1
125.0 500.0 31.0 125.0
0.25 0.25 0.50 1:4
MBC1d 125.0 500.0 62.0 62.0
0.50 0.12 0.62 1:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 500.0 1.3 125.0
0.50 0.25 0.75 1:100
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:1 to 1:100.
The preferred ratios are 1:1 to 1:4.
TABLE 18
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and N,N'-di(hydroxymethyl)-5,5'-
dimethylhydantoin
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = N,N'-di(hydroxymethyl)-5,5'-
dimethylhydantoin
Method calculations
of evalu-
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
ation QA QB Qa Qb QA QB SI Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 250.0 8.0 125.0
0.06 0.50 0.56 1:15
MBC1d 125.0 250.0 8.0 125.0
0.06 0.50 0.56 1:15
test against mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 2000.0 62.0 500.0
0.25 0.25 0.50 1:8
MBC1d 250.0 2000.0 62.0 500.0
0.25 0.25 0.50 1:8
MBC2d 250.0 2000.0 62.0 500.0
0.25 0.25 0.50 1:8
MBC6d 250.0 2000.0 62.0 500.0
0.25 0.25 0.50 1:8
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:8 to 1:15.
The preferred ratios are 1:8 to 1:15.
TABLE 19
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 2-Bromo-2-nitropropanediol
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 2-Bromo-2-nitropropanediol
calculations
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB SI Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MBC1d 125.0 8.0 16.0 4.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 4:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 62.0 0.1 31.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 1:400
2.5 62.0 0.6 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 1:25
2.5 62.0 1.3 5.0 0.50 0.08 0.58 1:4
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MIC 250.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 0.02 0.50 0.52 2:1
MBC1d 250.0 32.0 16.0 8.0 0.06 0.25 0.31 2:1
MBC2d 250.0 16.0 8.0 4.0 0.03 0.25 0.28 2:1
MBC6d 250.0 8.0 4.0 2.0 0.02 0.25 0.27 2:1
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 1:400.
The preferred ratios are 4:1 to 1:4.
TABLE 20
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and Methylene-bis-thiocyanate
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Methylene-bis-thiocyanate
calculations
Method of
end point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB SI Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 4.0 16.0 2.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 8:1
125.0 4.0 62.0 1.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 62:1
MBC1d 250.0 31.0 62.0 16.0 0.25 0.52 0.77 4:1
250.0 31.0 125.0
4.0 0.50 0.13 0.63 31:1
MBC4d 125.0 4.0 31.0 2.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 16:1
MBC7d 125.0 4.0 31.0 2.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 16:1
125.0 4.0 62.0 1.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 62:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 6.2 0.2 3.1 0.06 0.50 0.56 1:20
2.5 6.2 0.6 1.6 0.25 0.26 0.51 1:2.5
2.5 6.2 1.3 0.8 0.50 0.13 0.63 1.6:1
test against a mixed-culture in TSB medium
MBC1d 250.0 100.0 25.0 50.0 0.10 0.50 0.60 1:2
MBC2d 250.0 100.0 25.0 50.0 0.10 0.50 0.60 1:2
MBC6d 250.0 12.5 3.1 6.2 0.01 0.50 0.51 1:2
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 62:1 to 1:20.
The preferred ratios are 16:1 to 1:2.
TABLE 21
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone and 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
calculations
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
Qa/ Qb/
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb QA QB SI Qa:Qb
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 62.0 62.0 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.75 4:1
MBC1d 250.0 125.0 31.0 62.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 1:2
250.0 125.0 62.0 31.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 2:1
MBC4d 125.0 125.0 31.0 62.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1:2
125.0 125.0 62.0 31.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 2:1
MBC7d 125.0 125.0 31.0 62.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1:2
125.0 125.0 62.0 16.0 0.50 0.13 0.62 4:1
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 125.0 1.3 8.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 1:6.2
______________________________________
The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 1:6.2.
The preferred ratios are 4:1 to 1:2.
TABLE 22
______________________________________
Combination of Octhilinone Sodium dichlorophene
Compound A = Octhilinone
Compound B = Sodium dichlorophene
Method of
end-point activity in ppm
calculations
evaluation
QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB SI
______________________________________
test against E. coli in M9G medium
MIC 125.0 16.0 125.0
16.0 NA NA NA
MBC1d 250.0 16.0 250.0
16.0 NA NA NA
MBC4d 125.0 16.0 125.0
16.0 NA NA NA
MBC7d 125.0 16.0 125.0
16.0 NA NA NA
test against E. coli in TSB medium
MIC 125.0 62.0 125.0
62.0 NA NA NA
MBC1d 125.0 62.0 125.0
62.0 NA NA NA
test against C. albicans in TSB medium
MIC 2.5 50.0 1.3 25.0 0.50 0.50 1.00
______________________________________
NA = not applicable because it is not endpoint of activity.
As can be seen by review of Tables 1-21, the compositions demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activities as measured by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and synergistic biocidal activity as measured by minimum biocidal concentrations (MBC), and show surprisingly greater activity than the algebraic sum of the individual ingredients which make up the respective composition.
In contrast, an example of non-synergistic combination of octhilinone and sodium dichlorophene is in Table 22. In this example of non-synergism, the antibacterial activities of either octhilinone or sodium dichlorophene as measured by the activities against E. coli are not affected by the presence or the absence of the other component in the combination. It is also not antagonistic because no loss of activity of either component in the combination was detected. The antifungal activity, as measured by activity against C. albicans, indeed increased as a result of the combination. The increased activity, however, is merely additive because the synergy index is 1.
The synergistic activities in most cases are applicable to bacteria, fungi, and a mixture of bacteria and fungi. Thus, the combinations not only lower the use-level of biocide but also broaden the spectrum of activity. This is especially useful in situations where either component alone does not achieve the best results due to weak activity against certain organisms. For octhilinone combinations, the synergistic activity against Gram-negative bacteria is most significant in situations where both bacteria and fungi are present in the system.
Another example is provided below to demonstrate the advantage of using octhilinone-containing compositions. In this example, a combination of octhilinone and 5-hydroxypoly(methyleneoxy)-methyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3,3,0)octane (DBO) was evaluated for the control of fouling bacteria and fungi in a metalworking fluid. The test was a 4-week multiple challenge efficacy test. Octhilinone, DBO, and the combination of octhilinone and DBO were added to specified concentrations into 50 ml use dilution of the metalworking fluid in 4 oz. jars. Each jar was then inoculated weekly with a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi isolated from naturally contaminated metalworking fluid to make final concentration of about 2×106 fungi and 2×107 bacteria per ml of fluid. The viable counts were determined 7 days after each inoculation by 10-fold serial dilutions and platings on Trypicase Soy Agar (Difco) for bacteria and on Rose Bengal Agar with 100 ppm chloramphenicol (Oxoid) for fungi. Results of such tests are shown in Table 23. Rating of efficacy is based on generally accepted criteria in the metalworking fluid industry that >105 bacteria or 103 fungi per ml failed the efficacy test, and less than 105 bacteria and 103 fungi passed the test. When a biocide passes all 4 weekly challenge tests, it will effectively preserve the metalworking fluid. It is evident after examining Table 24 that a mixture of octhilinone and DBO preferably at ratios from 1:4 to 1:31, provides a strong synergism and effective control of bacteria, fungi, and the mixed culture of bacteria and fungi. In fact, either octhilinone or DBO is not used as a general biocide in preserving metalworking fluid due to high dosage requirement and thereby cost disadvantage. Now, with the synergistic combination of octhilinone and DBO they can be used effectively as a general biocide for preserving metalworking fluids.
TABLE 23
______________________________________
Efficacy Test on Combinations of Octhilinone and DBO
in a Metalworking Fluid
Treatment
Sample
Octhilinone
DBO Efficacy*
Nos. ppm a.i. ppm a.i. 1 Wk. 2 Wks.
3 Wks.
4 Wks.
______________________________________
1 0 0 4 4 4 4
2 0 125 2 2 4 4
3 0 250 2 2 4 4
4 0 500 2 2 2 4
5 0 750 0 2 2 4
6 0 1000 0 0 0 2
7 0 1250 0 0 0 0
8 4 0 3 4 4 4
9 8 0 3 3 3 4
10 16 0 3 3 3 4
11 32 0 3 3 3 3
12 64 0 3 3 3 3
13 4 250 0 0 2 4
14 8 250 0 0 0 0
15 16 250 0 0 0 0
16 32 250 0 0 0 0
17 64 250 0 0 0 0
18 4 500 0 0 2 2
19 8 500 0 0 0 0
20 16 500 0 0 0 0
21 32 500 0 0 0 0
22 64 500 0 0 0 0
23 4 750 0 0 0 0
24 8 750 0 0 0 0
25 16 750 0 0 0 0
26 32 750 0 0 0 0
27 64 750 0 0 0 0
______________________________________
*4 = failed both bacteria (>10.sup.5 cfu/ml) and fungi (>10.sup.3 cfu/ml)
3 = failed bacteria only
2 = failed fungi only
0 = passed both bacteria (<10.sup.5 cfu/ml) and fungi (<10.sup.3 cfu/ml)
TABLE 24
__________________________________________________________________________
Calculations for Synergy Index (SI) of Octhilinone (A) and DBO (B)
Combinations
Ratio
Sample Nos.
(a):(b)
SI for Bacteria*
SI for Fungi SI for Mixed Culture*
__________________________________________________________________________
14 1:31
250/1000 + 8/500 = 0.26
250/1250 + 8/32 = 0.45
250/1250 + 8/500 = 0.21
15 1:15
250/1000 + 16/500 = 0.28
250/1250 + 16/32 = 0.70
250/1250 + 16/500 = 0.23
16 1:8 250/1000 + 32/500 = 0.31
NA** 250/2250 + 32/500 = 0.26
17 1:4 250/1000 + 64/500 = 0.37
NA 250/1250 + 64/500 = 0.32
18 1:125
500/1000 + 4/500 = 0.50
NA NA
19 1:62
500/1000 + 8/500 = 0.51
500/1250 + 8/500 = 0.65
500/1250 + 8/500 = 0.41
20 1:31
500/1000 + 16/500 = 0.53
500/1250 + 16/32 = 0.90
500/1250 + 16/500 = 0.43
21 1:16
500/1000 + 32/500 = 0.56
NA 500/1250 + 32/500 = 0.46
22 1:8 500/1000 + 64/500 = 0.62
NA 500/1250 + 64/500 = 0.52
23 1:187
750/1000 + 4/500 = 0.75
750/1250 + 4/32 = 0.88
750/1250 + 4/500 = 0.60
24 1:94
750/1000 + 8/500 = 0.76
NA 750/1250 + 8/500 = 0.61
25 1:47
750/1000 + 16/500 = 0.78
NA 750/1250 + 16/500 = 0.63
26 1:23
750/1000 + 32/500 = 0.81
NA 750/1250 + 32/500 = 0.66
27 1:12
750/1000 + 64/500 = 0.87
NA 750/1250 + 64/500 = 0.72
__________________________________________________________________________
*The endpoint activity of Octhilinone against bacteria and the mixed
culture was independently determined to be 500 ppm.
**NA = Not applicable because they are not end points
Claims (5)
1. A microbicidal composition comprising a synergistic mixture the first component of which is 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and the second component of which is N,N-di(hydroxymethyl)-5,5'-dimethylhydantoin; wherein the ratio of first component to second component is in the range of from about 1:8 to about 1:15.
2. A method for inhibiting the growth of a member selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, algae and mixtures thereof in a locus subject to contamination by said member, which comprises incorporating onto or into the locus, in an amount which is effective to adversely affect the growth of said member, the composition of claim 1.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the locus is an aqueous medium.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the composition is between from about 20 to about 400 ppm.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the composition is between from about 25 to about 200 ppm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/539,254 US5041457A (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1990-06-18 | Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/322,455 US4964892A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1989-03-10 | Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-N-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides |
| US07/539,254 US5041457A (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1990-06-18 | Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/322,455 Division US4964892A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1989-03-10 | Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-N-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides |
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|---|---|---|---|
| US07/674,834 Division US5131939A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1991-03-25 | Synergistic microbicidal combinations containing 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone and certain commercial biocides |
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| US5093368A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-03-03 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone and N,N-dimethyl-N-phenyl-(N-fluoro-di-chloromethylthio) sulfamide |
| US5128372A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1992-07-07 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and N-4-dihydroxy-alpha-oxobenzene-ethanimidoyl chloride |
| US5134160A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-07-28 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and 2,2-dibromo-2-nitrilopropionamide |
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| US5147890A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1992-09-15 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenyl-(N'-fluorodichloromethylthio) sulfamide |
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| US5210094A (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1993-05-11 | Rohm And Haas Company | Sulphur-based stabilizers for 3-isothiazolones |
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| US5512191A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1996-04-30 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Aqueous functional fluid having improved resistance to micro-organisms |
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| US5210094A (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1993-05-11 | Rohm And Haas Company | Sulphur-based stabilizers for 3-isothiazolones |
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| US5162343A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-11-10 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide |
| US5128372A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1992-07-07 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and N-4-dihydroxy-alpha-oxobenzene-ethanimidoyl chloride |
| US5147890A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1992-09-15 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenyl-(N'-fluorodichloromethylthio) sulfamide |
| US5147891A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1992-09-15 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Biocidal compositions and use thereof containing a synergistic mixture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl carbamate and phenyl-(2-cyano-2-chlorovinyl) sulfone |
| US5512191A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1996-04-30 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Aqueous functional fluid having improved resistance to micro-organisms |
| US5631273A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1997-05-20 | Isp Chemicals Inc. | Synergistic water soluble preservative compositions of biocidal mixtures |
| US5428050A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-06-27 | Isp Chemicals Inc. | Synergistic water soluble preservative compositions of biocidal mixtures |
| US5552425A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1996-09-03 | Isp Chemicals Inc. | Synergistic water soluble preservative compositions of biocidal mixtures |
| USRE39033E1 (en) | 1995-05-30 | 2006-03-21 | Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. | Potentiation of the microbicide 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole using an N-alkyl heterocyclic compound |
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| US5859040A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-01-12 | Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. | Synergistic antimicrobial compositions containing 1-hydroxymethylpyrazole and a preservative |
| EP1084619A1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-03-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Stable biocidal compositions |
| US6255331B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-07-03 | Rohm And Haas Company | Stable biocidal compositions |
| KR100751003B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2007-08-22 | 롬 앤드 하스 캄파니 | Stable biocidal compositions |
| US20060058210A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipe lotions comprising particulate material |
| US7666827B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2010-02-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipe lotions comprising particulate material |
| US20100105593A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2010-04-29 | Randall Glenn Marsh | Wet Wipe Lotions Comprising Particulate Material |
| US7977301B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2011-07-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipe lotions comprising particulate material |
| US20110139033A1 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2011-06-16 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Antifungal liquid formulations |
| US8231721B2 (en) | 2008-08-05 | 2012-07-31 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Antifungal liquid formulations |
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