US503929A - Method of producing aluminum - Google Patents
Method of producing aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US503929A US503929A US503929DA US503929A US 503929 A US503929 A US 503929A US 503929D A US503929D A US 503929DA US 503929 A US503929 A US 503929A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- vessel
- anode
- bath
- producing aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium chloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H Aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229960004424 Carbon Dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting Effects 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
Definitions
- FIG. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of apparatus that I have employed in the practical use of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a like view of the lower part of the apparatus slightly modified as is hereinafter explained.
- Fig. 1 A is a suitable frame in which is mounted a vessel, or electrolytic cell, B, preferably composed of carbon or of carbon and alumina.
- the vessel is preferably inclosed in an iron envelope 0, both frame and envelope resting upon a suitable non-conducting base.
- the vessel is provided with an outlet D near the bottom, and above the vessel the frame bears a holder F (without novelty herein claimed) from which a large anode E depends in the axis of the vessel.
- This anode is formed from carbon and aluminic oxide intimately mixed and is adjusted in vertical position by suitable devices,-shown in this illustration as a nut I Working against the top ofthe frame upon a rod supporting said holder.
- the anode and The latter is decomposed'by the vessel B, or its envelope, are connected,
- the passage of the electric current decomposes the anode and the alumina therein is released and diffused throughout the bath and then reduced and the metal appears at the negative electrode.
- the oxygen collects at the positive electrode where it combines with the carbon setting free more of the aluminic oxide.
- the reduced metal being of greater specific gravity than the bath collects at the bottom of the vessel and maybe drawn off through the outlet shown or maybe dipped from the vessel by the use of a ladle of nonfusing material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
- J. B. HALL.
METHOD OF PRODUCING ALUMINUM. No. 503,929. Patented Aug. 22, 18'93 H N 'i 'si :i iiml ,l.
UNIT D STATES PATENT OFFICE,
JOSEPH B. HALL, OF WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA.
METHOD OF PRODUCING ALUMINUM.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 503,929, dated August 22, 1893.
Application filed August 6, 1892- Serial No. 442,304.. (No specimens.)
To aZZ whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, JOSEPH B. HALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at WVheeling, in the county of Ohio and State of West Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Producing Aluminum; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled .in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The object of this invention is to provide means more satisfactory than any heretofore in use for producing aluminum from aluminous earths. To this end aluminous earth is treated with sulphuric acid which combines with the aluminum forming a hydrated aluminum sulphate. heat and yields aluminum oxide, which in turn is reduced by electrolysis, the bath employed being formed by fusing together aluminum chloride, sodium chloride and lithium chloride, and the aluminum oxide being preferably supplied by the constant decomposition of an anode of which the oxide is a constituent.
In the drawings,-Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of apparatus that I have employed in the practical use of the invention. Fig. 2 is a like view of the lower part of the apparatus slightly modified as is hereinafter explained.
In Fig. 1 A is a suitable frame in which is mounted a vessel, or electrolytic cell, B, preferably composed of carbon or of carbon and alumina. For strength, the vessel is preferably inclosed in an iron envelope 0, both frame and envelope resting upon a suitable non-conducting base. The vessel is provided with an outlet D near the bottom, and above the vessel the frame bears a holder F (without novelty herein claimed) from which a large anode E depends in the axis of the vessel. This anode is formed from carbon and aluminic oxide intimately mixed and is adjusted in vertical position by suitable devices,-shown in this illustration as a nut I Working against the top ofthe frame upon a rod supporting said holder. The anode and The latter is decomposed'by the vessel B, or its envelope, are connected,
rides of aluminum, sodium and lithium. Now
if the parts be properly adjusted, the passage of the electric current decomposes the anode and the alumina therein is released and diffused throughout the bath and then reduced and the metal appears at the negative electrode. At the same time the oxygen collects at the positive electrode where it combines with the carbon setting free more of the aluminic oxide. The reduced metal being of greater specific gravity than the bath collects at the bottom of the vessel and maybe drawn off through the outlet shown or maybe dipped from the vessel by the use of a ladle of nonfusing material. The whole operation is antomatic if proper means be employed to regulate the position of 'the anode, and it is only necessary to renew the anode from time to time as it is consumed and to restore in the bath such loss as may have arisen from volatilization, or from other causes. cient quantityof alumina in the bath increases resistance and carbonous oxide appears and burns at the anode but if the quantity be sufficient, the gas liberated is carbonic anhydride.
While I have found it more satisfactory to difiuse finely divided alumina through the bath by making it a constituent of the anode, since it seems to pass automatically to all parts of the bath and maintain a uniform resistance to the current-,I have obtained tolerably satisfactory results when omitting the alumina from the anode, in which case the alumina was added and stirred into the bath mechanically, either continuously or at in-..
bronze a mass of copper is placed in the bottom of the vessel, as suggested at X, Fig. 1. Now under the conditions existing when the aluminum oxide is reduced, the metal falling to the bottom of the vessel unites with tlie of aluminum chloride, sodium chloride and molten copper. The process as before is conlithium chloride. I tinuous, it being only necessary to remove In testimony WhereofIaEfix my signature in the bronze and to keep up the supply of coppresence of two witnesses.
5 per, in addition to the steps before mentioned. JOSEPH B. HALL.
What I claim is- Witnesses: For the electrolytic production of aluminum WALLACE GREENE,
from its compounds, a fused bath composed J. WM. HENRY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US503929A true US503929A (en) | 1893-08-22 |
Family
ID=2572766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US503929D Expired - Lifetime US503929A (en) | Method of producing aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US503929A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2487770A (en) * | 1946-02-11 | 1949-11-08 | Cons Mining & Smelting Co | Electric furnace |
| US2919234A (en) * | 1956-10-03 | 1959-12-29 | Timax Associates | Electrolytic production of aluminum |
| US2980596A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1961-04-18 | George E Conway | Electrolytic reduction furnace constructions and method |
| US3442787A (en) * | 1966-05-17 | 1969-05-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | High temperature fluid coke electrodes |
| US4338177A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1982-07-06 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum |
| US4342637A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1982-08-03 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Composite anode for the electrolytic deposition of aluminum |
| EP0003598B1 (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1984-06-06 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of aluminium by electrolysis of fused salts |
| US6428675B1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-08-06 | Alcoa Inc. | Low temperature aluminum production |
-
0
- US US503929D patent/US503929A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2487770A (en) * | 1946-02-11 | 1949-11-08 | Cons Mining & Smelting Co | Electric furnace |
| US2919234A (en) * | 1956-10-03 | 1959-12-29 | Timax Associates | Electrolytic production of aluminum |
| US2980596A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1961-04-18 | George E Conway | Electrolytic reduction furnace constructions and method |
| US3442787A (en) * | 1966-05-17 | 1969-05-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | High temperature fluid coke electrodes |
| EP0003598B1 (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1984-06-06 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of aluminium by electrolysis of fused salts |
| US4919771A (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1990-04-24 | Vaw Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag | Process for producing aluminum by molten salt electrolysis |
| US4338177A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1982-07-06 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum |
| US4342637A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1982-08-03 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Composite anode for the electrolytic deposition of aluminum |
| US6428675B1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-08-06 | Alcoa Inc. | Low temperature aluminum production |
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