US4999615A - Device for detecting the exceeding of a temperature threshold - Google Patents

Device for detecting the exceeding of a temperature threshold Download PDF

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US4999615A
US4999615A US07/503,738 US50373890A US4999615A US 4999615 A US4999615 A US 4999615A US 50373890 A US50373890 A US 50373890A US 4999615 A US4999615 A US 4999615A
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axis
displacement
magnetic
facing
poles
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Joseph F. Toupin
Xavier Douesnel
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/008—Alarm devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/06—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using melting, freezing, or softening

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for detecting the exceeding of a temperature threshold to which a solid, liquid or gas may be exposed.
  • detectors of the exceeding of a temperature threshold generally in the form of pellets or small rods, whose colour changes on exceeding the temperature for which they were set, the cause of said colour variation being either an enzymatic reaction, or the melting of a "solid-liquid” phase change material, which in the liquid phase displaces by capillarity within a support comparable to blotting paper.
  • Detectors of the exceeding of a temperature threshold in the form of pellets or small rods only give an optical indication and can only fulfil said function, reference only being made thereto for information purposes.
  • Detectors making use of the expansion law of bodies can only operate in accordance with a generally linear curve, so that for non-negligible temperature variations, there are very small variations in the value of the parameter used as the reference (length, volume or shape memory of materials).
  • Detectors using a phase change or shape memory material permit, e.g. by the release of a spring, relatively large displacements of a mobile member for a small temperature variation but, like the other detectors referred to hereinbefore, they are difficult to reuse after the threshold has been exceeded once.
  • the problem to which the invention provides a solution is that of supplying a temperature threshold exceeding detector, which is reusable and which can more specifically return to its initial state, provided that
  • the detector according to the invention must emit an alarm signal as soon as the threshold has been exceeded and when the two aforementioned conditions are not simultaneously fulfilled.
  • alarm signal is here understood to mean not only a sound, electric or optical signal, but also the signal constituted by the mechanical displacement of a part, e.g. constituting a bolt opposing the opening of a door without a special manipulation.
  • the invention provides a device for detecting the exceeding of a temperature threshold having a first part, which can move within a sealed chamber containing a temperature which melts or softens at the temperature of the threshold and a second part able to exert on the first part a magnetic force, at least when said first part is in a first position, so that a melting of said material leads to the displacement of the first part towards a second position.
  • This device has the special feature that the displacement of the first part during the melting of the material leads to a correlative displacement of the second part from a third to a fourth position, said displacement causing the actuation of alarm means and in the fourth position the second part exerts on the first part a magnetic force returning the first part to its initial position.
  • the first and second parts when they are both in their initial position, exert magnetic forces on one another, the force being exerted on the second part immobilizing the latter in the third position by the combination of shapes with a fixed support.
  • the magnetic force to which the second part has been subject decreases and enables said second part to pass into the fourth position under the effect of the elastic means and when the second part is in the fourth position, it exerts on the first part a magnetic force in the reverse direction, which tends to bring said first part into said first position.
  • the initial and second parts when they are in their first position, they exert magnetic repulsion forces on one another.
  • the displacement of the first part towards the second position takes place with an initially intense force, which then decreases, which produces a tripping or release effect not occurring with attracting forces, which lead to a slow and therefore less precise starting.
  • the displacement of the second part towards the fourth position controls the exit of a bolt preventing the opening of a door, or the cover of an enclosure, a voluntary manipulation at the same time controlling the reinsertion of the bolt and the return of the second part to the third position.
  • a simple optical signal such as the appearance of a warning light may not be noticed either as a result of poor visibility, or lack of attention, whereas the impossibility of opening the door or cover cannot pass unnoticed.
  • Security can be further increased if it is necessary in this case to seek a key in a monitoring room for the purpose of opening the door.
  • the device according to the invention can be used with other types of alarm means, which are either separate or combined with one another, whilst including among said means, those controlling the starting up of an emergency power supply.
  • the first part can move in translation only along one axis and carries a magnetic pole on a face perpendicular to said axis
  • the second part can move in translation parallel to said axis and also perpendicular thereto and carries two magnetic poles of opposite sign, on faces directed perpendicular to said axis, one of the poles facing the pole of the first part in the first position and the other pole in the second position.
  • the first part can move in translation only along a first axis and carries a pair of magnetic poles of opposite signs on a face perpendicular to said axis and the second part can travel in translation along said axis and turn about said axis and carries a pair of poles of opposite signs on a face turned towards said face of the first part, a rotation of 180° of the second part bringing into a facing position the poles of the same sign of the two parts, or the poles of opposite signs, the magnetic force developed being adequate to rotate the second part about said axis and thus bring about the emission of an alarm signal.
  • the materials used for immobilizing the first part can be of the "clear-cut melting” type, such as solidified water, as well as of the "pasty melting” type, such as animal or vegetable fats or greases, certain organic acids and certain aqueous mixtures, including e.g. hydrocarbon derivatives, such as glycol.
  • This pasty melting type has interesting solid phase blocking and pasty phase braking characteristics, which in the process of the invention make it possible to regulate the operating inertia of the detector.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 in longitudinal section the two possible positions of the parts of the device, respectively in the armed and released position, with action on the locking system of a freezer door.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 a constructional variant of the device in the armed position, respectively in longitudinal section and in front view with partial section.
  • FIG. 5 a second variant of the device according to the invention in the armed position and longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 6 in partial section, the device of FIG. 5 in the released or tripped position.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 details, respectively in front view and half-section along line VIII--VIII, of the device of FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 details of a freezer door locking device with movement transmission by flexible sheath.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 a magnetic alarm member using the repelling forces of two anisotropic magnetic elements.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 diagrams illustrating the operation of the device according to FIG. 5.
  • the detector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a cylindrical tube 4 sealed at its two ends and in tight form, within which can move over its entire length and along its axis an anisotropic permanent magnet 5 crimped within a tubular cylindrical skirt 6, said magnet constituting the said aforementioned "first part".
  • This assembly constitutes a "piston-cylinder” system containing a meltable substance 7 within which, as a result of a certain clearance, can move the magnet 5 with its skirt, which represents the piston.
  • a sliding alarm control part 8 Perpendicular to the axis of tube 4 is able to move, with a certain clearance, a sliding alarm control part 8 guided by a fixed case 9 and which forms the aforementioned "second part".
  • This sliding part is subject to the action of two perpendicular forces, one developed by a spring 10, which tends to bring about its upward displacement in the longitudinal direction, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of tube 4 and the other developed by a spring 11, which tends to bring about its displacement towards tube 4 in the lateral direction, i.e. parallel to the axis of said tube.
  • springs 10 and 11 are shown as a spiral spring or a plate spring. Obviously, these springs, like those referred to hereinbefore, can be magnetic springs.
  • the alarm control member 8 has a bevelled tooth 12 on a lateral face able to bear on an identical, but reversed tooth 13 integral with the fixed case 9.
  • the assembly constitutes a system of catches preventing the displacement, under the action of spring 10, of the mobile alarm control part 8, when the detector is in the armed position (FIG. 1).
  • Part 8 has, mounted and bonded in two circular cavities located in the longitudinal axis of said part, but reciprocally displaced, two axial field, permanent anisotropic magnets 14, 15.
  • Magnet 14 is positioned in such a way that, when the detector is in the armed position (FIG. 1), it is placed precisely in the axis of the permanent magnet 5 located within tube 4, the polarity of the faces facing its two magnetic elements being of the same sign.
  • Magnet 15 is positioned in such a way that, when the detector is in the released position (FIG. 2), it is placed exactly in the axis of the permanent magnet 5 located within tube 4, the polarity of the facing faces of these two magnetic elements being of opposite signs.
  • the magnets 14 and 15 can be replaced by a single U-shaped magnet, whose two poles occupy the position of magnets 14 and 15.
  • the sliding part constituting the mobile alarm control part has, at the end opposite to spring 10, a planar boss 16 on which bears by gravity a sliding control rod 17 traversing the insulating material of the freezer door 2 and stops in the upper part thereof.
  • This system of sliding parts, one 17 ensuring a transmission function and the other 18 a reception function is designed in such a way that no contact is possible between the end of rod 17 and the end of part 18 facing the same when the detector is in the armed position (FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the position of the different parts in the released or tripped position of the detector, where door 2 is locked by the control rod 17 entering tube 19 integral with the control panel and in which the alarm member 18 appears as a result of the same translation movement.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show in elevation and longitudinal section a variant of the detector. Its positioning and general structure remain unchanged.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 differs from that of FIGS. 1 and 2 as a result of the structure of the alarm control part 8 within which is formed a bore 21, whose axis is parallel to that of tube 4 and permits a cylindrical part 22' surrounding magnet 14 to slide towards tube 4 under the action of a spring 23 bearing on the bottom of bore 21 and in the opposite direction under the action of the magnet 5 located in the same axis, when the alarm control part is in the armed position.
  • the end 24 of the cylindrical part 22' penetrates with a slight clearance a hole 25 made in case 9, the axis of the hole then being located precisely in the axis of said part.
  • the system described hereinbefore ensures the locking of the detector in the armed position and takes the place of the catch system described relative to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This embodiment also differs from that of FIGS. 1 and 2 by the fact that at its end the control rod 17 carries a cylindrical permanent magnet 26 oriented in accordance with the axis of the rod and which, at the end of translation, i.e. in the released position, occupies the top position illustrated in FIG. 4, i.e. it does not then oppose the opening of the door.
  • the optical alarm member comprises a fixed tube 27 and at least its upper end is transparent over a height A and within which freely slides a light tube 28 carrying in its upper part a ring having a fluorescent colour, whilst on the lower part of tube 28 is fastened an axial field, anisotropic permanent magnet 29.
  • the two axial field cylindrical magnets 26, 29 are mounted in such a way that their facing faces have the same polarity and their respective minimum air gap position leads, as a result of the interaction of the two magnets, to a repelling force forcing upwards the light tube 28 and enabling the fluorescent ring to appear over the entire height A of the transparent part of the fixed tube 25.
  • rearming can be carried out by means of e.g. a coin 30, which is introduced into a slit 31 formed in door 2, in the extension of rod 17, in order to manually compress spring 10.
  • the alarm control part 8 only maintains the armed position if the temperature of the freezer has become correct again, i.e. the substance 7 in tube 4 has returned to the solid state.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 illustrates a detector based on an operating principle identical to the two other embodiments described hereinbefore, but in which for developing the attracting and repelling forces, use is made of bipolar permanent magnets, which are in the form of axial field orientation pellets.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 explain the different operating phases.
  • FIG. 13 shows the situation corresponding to the detector in the armed position, the bipolar magnets 40, 41 mounted on a same axis developing between them a repelling force.
  • the only possible movement for magnet 40, which constitutes the first part referred to hereinbefore is a translatory movement along axis X--X.
  • the solidified meltable substance 7 immobilizes magnet 40 in the indicated position, despite the repelling force developed by magnet 41 in the first position referred to hereinbefore.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the phase corresponding to the start of melting of substance 7, which progressively frees the magnet 40, which makes it possible for the mobile alarm control part 8 carrying the magnet 41 to move towards the right under the action of a spring 46, along axis X--X, in order to reach the second position.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the detector tripping phase. Melting continues and an immobilization lug 42 integral with the mobile alarm control part 8 is freed from a fixed cavity 43 and allows the potential energy accumulated by the interaction of the two magnets to be converted into kinetic energy, which ensures the rotary torque not only of magnet 41, but the entire alarm control part 8.
  • the two bipolar permanent magnets have their opposite polarity sectors facing one another, which leads to a magnetic attraction force on magnet 40, which corresponds to a translation of the latter to return it to its first position, i.e. to a correct position for a further solidification of the meltable substance.
  • FIG. 5 shows the construction of the variant illustrated by FIGS. 13 to 15.
  • the detector incorporates a cylindrical tube 4 sealed at its ends and externally provided with fins 44 and within which can axially move the bipolar anisotropic permanent magnet 40, surrounded by a skirt integral with two pins or keys 45 sliding in two slots machined within the finned tube.
  • This mobile assembly constituted by the permanent magnet 40 and the skirt carrying the pins 45 prevents any rotary movement thereof, but permits a translation over the entire length and in the axis of tube 4.
  • the mobile alarm control part 8 Located in the same axis as tube 4, the mobile alarm control part 8 comprises, on the one hand the anisotropic bipolar magnet 41 in which it is crimped or bonded, and on the other hand the stop lug 42 preventing the rotation of the alarm control part 8 by penetrating a hole 43 made in the fixed case 9 mounted in door 2.
  • lug 42 and hole 43 are arranged in such a way that in the armed position, the poles of magnet 41 are slightly displaced with respect to those of magnet 40. An angular displacement of approximately 3° is sufficient. An excessive displacement would lead to excessive friction of lug 42 against the wall of hole 43.
  • Case 9 is centrally provided with a first bore forming a bearing and ensuring the guidance of the mobile alarm control part, as well as a larger diameter second bore at the bottom of which bears the helical spring 46 and develops a force tending to free lug 42 from the hole 43 in case 9.
  • the axial clearance of the mobile alarm control part within the case 9 slightly exceeds the length of lug 42.
  • the end 47 of the alarm control part 8 opposite to magnet 41 acts via a link 43 on the sliding rod 17 carrying at its end an anisotropic permanent magnet 26 able to interact with the magnet 29 integral with the optical alarm member 28.
  • member 28 is positioned in front of a transparent window 19' (FIG. 7) formed in the upper part of the fixed tube 19 mounted in the control panel 3.
  • the sliding rod 17 projects from the upper part of the freezer door during the tripping of the detector (FIG. 6) and thereby prevents its closure.
  • the latter is only possible by manual intervention on an arming control button 49 (in dotted line form) or by e.g. applying a manual force which, bearing on the end of the sliding rod 17, forces back the latter and thereby permits the closing of the door.
  • the mobile alarm control part can only reassume the armed detector position if the temperature within the freezer is correct.
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 show the detail of a locking device according to the invention for a freezer door with the materialization of an optical alarm system.
  • the device illustrates the transmission of a translatory movement ensured by the alarm control part of the detector applied to the interior of a cavity 1 of freezer door 2.
  • a pliable, flexible steel wire 50, joined to the alarm control part of the detector by fitting and bonding, is able to faithfully transmit to the cylindrical part 51 sliding within tube 52 a displacement movement corresponding to the value of its own displacement.
  • a rearming pushbutton 53 also ensuring the optical and tactile alarm.
  • the latter is constituted by a tube 54 traversing the control panel and integral therewith and within which can slide the pushbutton 53 and having a height identical to the control panel thickness.
  • a circlip 55 on which bears a spring 56, which forces a cylindrical sliding part 57 back into the tube 54.
  • Part 57 serves as an abutment and determines the bottom position of pushbutton 53, which is only subject to the action of gravity when the detector is in the armed position.
  • the flexible steel wire 50 transmits the translatory movement of the alarm control part of the detector to the cylindrical part 51 which, on penetrating tube 54, forces back the pushbutton 53 and simultaneously ensures the locking of the door bringing about the appearance of the fluorescent coloured end of pushbutton 53 over a height A.
  • Door 2 is opened by manually pressing on pushbutton 53 which, forcing back the cylindrical part 51, moves aside the thus formed bolt and when the door is open the cylindrical part 51 reassumes the position indicated in dotted line form at 51A.
  • part 51 For closing the door, it is necessary to press manually on part 51 ensuring the displacement thereof by a value slightly exceeding the height A corresponding to the arming travel.
  • the detector can only be armed if the temperature within the freezer has returned to a correct level.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a repulsion-attraction magnetic alarm member.
  • the latter comprises a tube 19 traversing the control panel and which is transparent over a height F, within which can slide a light tube 28 having in its upper part a fluorescent ring and in its lower part a force-fitted, anisotropic permanent magnet 29.
  • This alarm member is characterized in that a soft iron pellet 60 is fixed to the lower part of tube 19, e.g. by bonding. This makes it possible to produce an attracting force immobilizing the light tube 28 in the position indicated in FIG. 11 and corresponding to the armed detector position.
  • the displacement of the permanent magnet 22 modifies the air gap, whose value passes from H1 to H2.
  • the value of H2 is small, so that the presence of the soft iron pellet 60 ensures a sudden deformation of the magnetic field developed by magnets 22 and 29.
  • the force lines are concentrated in the axis of the magnets forcing back the light tube 28 and ensuring the appearance of the fluorescent ring in front of the transparent window of tube 19.
  • the arrangement is such that, during release, the air gap decreases from H1 to H2.
  • the arrangement could also be such that, during release, the air gap increases from H2 to H1, the value H2 representing the position corresponding to the armed detector and H1 that corresponding to the released detector.
  • the device can be identical to that described relative to FIGS. 1 and 2 or FIG. 3, spring 10 being replaced by a tension spring, magnets 14 and 15 being reversed and the locations of the complementary shapes of part 8 and fixed case 9 being modified, so that locking is normally obtained in the top position of part 8.
  • the system acquires the new function of door opening indicator.
  • the appearance of the fluorescent ring on the light tube 28 facing the transparent part of the fixed tube 19 indicates either the tripping of the detector, or the opening of the door.
  • these two indications are obtained for two different positions of the light tube 28.
  • the soft iron pellet 60 is then replaced by a mechanical stop or abutment.
  • the opening of door 2 has the effect of eliminating the alignment of magnets 22 and 29, so that the light tube 28 descends by gravity to a bottom position a few millimetres below the tripping position.
  • a third indication carried by tube 28 then appears in front of the window formed in the fixed tube 10.
  • the total travel of magnet 29, which determines the travel of the light tube 28 between its top position (closed door, temperature below release threshold) and its intermediate position (door closed, temperature above release threshold) must by construction be relatively small (e.g. approximately 5 mm).
  • the travel of part 8 can be much greater if the downward displacement by gravity of the rod 17 carrying magnet 26 is limited by means of an abutment formed in the fixed case 9.
  • the devices described hereinbefore can have numerous different applications, apart from the monitoring of a cold chamber. Thus, they can be used for detecting overheating of a furnace or boiler.
  • the device can be used for detecting the clearing of a temperature threshold in the reverse direction.
  • an auxiliary means periodically attempts to pass the device into the armed position from the tripped position and as a result of it reaching the latter the alarm is triggered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
US07/503,738 1989-04-03 1990-04-03 Device for detecting the exceeding of a temperature threshold Expired - Fee Related US4999615A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8904374 1989-04-03
FR8904374A FR2645268B1 (fr) 1989-04-03 1989-04-03 Dispositif de detection de franchissement d'un seuil de temperature

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US (1) US4999615A (fr)
EP (1) EP0391782B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02287229A (fr)
KR (1) KR900016738A (fr)
AU (1) AU5254390A (fr)
BR (1) BR9001511A (fr)
CA (1) CA2013650A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69012622D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2063301T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2645268B1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5460117A (en) * 1991-12-05 1995-10-24 Loustaunau; Albert Temperature indicator for refrigerated products
US5487352A (en) 1994-09-21 1996-01-30 John R. Williams Temperature indicator for cooked meats
US5629569A (en) * 1995-05-15 1997-05-13 Intermatic, Inc. Thermal photocontrol switch circuit
US6176923B1 (en) * 1998-05-20 2001-01-23 Seh America, Inc. Crucible with differentially expanding release mechanism
US20080127882A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-05 Eley Edgar R Circuit breaker with magnetically-coupled trip indicator
US20140266741A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Emerson Power Transmission Corp. Temperature sensing grease fitting with alarm
WO2014194955A1 (fr) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-11 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Ensemble d'ouverture/fermeture de porte et appareil de réfrigération comprenant celui-ci
US20150260585A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-09-17 Rolls-Royce Corporation Emi-compatible mechanical temperature threshold sensor
US20160356147A1 (en) * 2015-01-28 2016-12-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and systems for downhole temperature logging
US20180313132A1 (en) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-01 Rob J. Evans Thermal door release system
CN113280942A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-08-20 西南大学 一种基于压电效应的温度传感器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5745039A (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-04-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Remote sterilization monitor

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5460117A (en) * 1991-12-05 1995-10-24 Loustaunau; Albert Temperature indicator for refrigerated products
US5487352A (en) 1994-09-21 1996-01-30 John R. Williams Temperature indicator for cooked meats
US5629569A (en) * 1995-05-15 1997-05-13 Intermatic, Inc. Thermal photocontrol switch circuit
US6176923B1 (en) * 1998-05-20 2001-01-23 Seh America, Inc. Crucible with differentially expanding release mechanism
US20080127882A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-05 Eley Edgar R Circuit breaker with magnetically-coupled trip indicator
US7649433B2 (en) * 2006-12-04 2010-01-19 Abb Technology Ag Circuit breaker with magnetically-coupled trip indicator
US9291203B2 (en) * 2013-03-12 2016-03-22 Regal Beloit America, Inc. Temperature sensing grease fitting with alarm
US20140266741A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Emerson Power Transmission Corp. Temperature sensing grease fitting with alarm
WO2014194955A1 (fr) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-11 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Ensemble d'ouverture/fermeture de porte et appareil de réfrigération comprenant celui-ci
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CN113280942A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-08-20 西南大学 一种基于压电效应的温度传感器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0391782A1 (fr) 1990-10-10
FR2645268A1 (fr) 1990-10-05
BR9001511A (pt) 1991-04-16
EP0391782B1 (fr) 1994-09-21
ES2063301T3 (es) 1995-01-01
DE69012622D1 (de) 1994-10-27
JPH02287229A (ja) 1990-11-27
AU5254390A (en) 1990-10-04
KR900016738A (ko) 1990-11-14
CA2013650A1 (fr) 1990-10-03
FR2645268B1 (fr) 1991-07-12

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