US498518A - Apparatus for vaporizing oil - Google Patents

Description

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APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING 01L. No. 498,518. Patented May 30, 1893.

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R. H. LAIRD. APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING 01L.

No. 498,518. Patented May 30, 1893.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT H. LAIRD, OF TORONTO, CANADA, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM HENRY LAIRD, OF NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZIN G O lL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 498,518, dated May 30, 1893. Application filed September 28, 1892. SerialNo. 447,196. (No model.)

1 To, all whom it may concern.-

tillation the bulk must be distributed in thin sheets over a large generating-surface, and

that this distributed bulk must be heated, in

the first instance, to a temperature of about 212 Farenheit, to generate what is commonly known as the alcoholic series of vapors and that after the alcoholic series of vapors have been obtained the residue 'must be subjected to heat ever and gradually increasing in temperature to obtain therefrom the oleic vapors of the different gravities; and the object of the invention is to construct a still by means of which the foregoing objects may be attained; and the invention consists essentially of a still of any suitable shape and size having arranged within its outer shell a series of distributing surfaces placed one above the other with an intervening space between them and adapted to hold a thin sheet of oil during the process of distillation, each of the distributing surfaces preferably consisting of a perforated metallic plate having a suitable sized circular opening through its middle through which passes a supporting standard or column adapted to hold the distributing surfaces firmly in place, pipes entering the still and adapted to convey heat from the generator to the still, a pipe for admitting oil from the mixing tanks to the still, a vapor dome located within the still and above the uppermost distributing surface, pipes for conducting the vapors from a vapor dome to the filters and means for drawing oif the residue from the still; the whole device being constructed as hereinafter more fully set forth.

It the drawings :--Figure 1 isa perspective view of a still with the outer shell partially broken away showing the various distributing surfaces, the heating pipes, the vapor dome, pipes for conducting the vapors from the vapor dome to the filters and means for introducing the oil into the still. Fig. 2 is a plan view showingthe arrangement of the heating pipes located beneath each of these distributing surfaces exhibited in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional View of an alternative form'of still. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on the lines aa Fig. 3 showing the arrangement of the heating pipes located beneath each of those distributing surfaces shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a planview of one of those distributing surfaces shown in Fig. 3. V

Like numerals and letters of reference refer to like parts throughout the specification and drawings.

The still consists of an outer shell 1, constructed preferably of boiler plate. 7 Located centrally within the outer shell 1 is a standard orupright column 2, onthe outer face of which is formed a screw thread 3.

Located within the shell 1 is a series -of perforated metallic plates 4 having a central opening 5 formed in them through which passes the standard or upright column 2 screw threaded on its outer face. Surrounding the central opening 5 on the underside of the plate 4 is a collar 14 screw threaded on its inner face. As shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings these metallic plates 4 are six in number but the number employed is predetermined and is regulated according to the size of the still. Each of the perforated metallic plates 4 is provided with a downwardly projecting flange 6 which rests upon a bracket 7. It might here be stated that the upper surfaces of the metallic plates 4 are slightly inclined from the circular opening 5 downwardly to a point 4 in close proximity to their peripheries 4 from which point 4 they are inclined upwardly to the peripheries 4 as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings.

The downwardly projecting flange 6 is inclined from its upper edge inwardly toward the column or standard 2 to enable the upper surface of the perforated metallic plate 4 next below it to overlap its lower edge 6 This The supporting bracket 7 comprises a hub 7" and arms 7 radiating from said hub. The inner face of the hub 7 is screw threaded to correspond with the screw threaded outer face of the standard or column 2. The column 2 passes through the hub 7 and the engagement of the screw threaded inner face of the hub with the screw threaded outer face of the column or standard 2 permits of the bracket 7 being raised or lowered to any desired elevation along the said standard. Located on the under side of each of the metallic plates 4 is a series of perforated pipes 8 to each of which is supplied'the heating fluid by means of a supply pipe 9 leading from the generator which generator may be of any ordinary form.

The metallic plates 4 shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings it will be noticed are rectangular in shape and in them are two openings 5 through each of which passes a standard or column 2;

and that connected to each of the standards or columns 2 and on the under side of the metallic plate 4 is a bracket 7 comprising a hub 7 and three outwardly radiating arms 7". Again by reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings it will be noticed that I have modified the shape of the plates by making each of the said metallic plates 4 circular. Again by reference to the same figure it will be noticed that formed centrally in them is an opening 5 through which passes a column or standard 2. It will also be noticed by reference to Fig. 4 of the drawings that the superheating pipes 3 located on the under side of the distributing plate 4 shown in Figs. 3 and 5 of the drawings are in the form of a spiral coil and that the innermost coil is carried outwardly beyond the outermost so that it may be connected to the return pipes 9*.

By reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings it will be noticed that the heating pipes 8 shown therein are in the form of a rectangle having two Ts or T branches 8 one at either end of the distributing plate to each of which are connected two side pipes 8 and four intermediate pipes 8 Leading from the tank (which is not necessary to be shown in this application) and entering the upper portion of the still is a feed pipe 10 which is arranged preferably over the middle of the still and is adapted to distribute the oil evenly in all directions. As the distributing plates shown in Fig. 1 are rectangular in shape I find it convenient to feed the oil from the feed pipe 10 to a perforated distributing pipe 1O which would in turn feed the oil over a much larger area of the plate 4 than could be properly accomplished by the pipe 10. As shown in the same figure I have provided this still with four feed pipes 10 which feed the distributing pipe 10.

The oil is introduced into the still by means of the feed pipe 10 which distributes it over the topmost perforated metallic plate 4 which feeds its overflow to the metallic plate4 next below it, which operation is repeated to the lowermost metallic plate 4. The heating fluid is applied to the pipes A by means of the supply pipes 9 and passes through the perforations in the tops of said pipes 8 to the under sides of the metallic plates 4. This steam acting on the oil converts the said oil into vapor which rises to the vapordome A. The vapor dome A is located in the top of the still and above the uppermost of the perforated metallic plates 4.

When crude oil is being vaporized the heat first introduced to the still by means of the connection pipes 9 is at a temperature of about 212 Fahrenheit and generates from the crude oil at this temperature what is commonlyknownas the alcoholic series of vapors. The alcoholic series of vapors as they are generated rise to the dome A and are conducted from the said dome to their respective filter by means of the pipe B. The pipe B is provided with a valve b which always remains closed except during the passage of the alcoholic series of vapors therethrough at which time it is opened. After the alcoholic series ofvvapors have been obtained from the oil within the still the heat is increased in temperature to about 300 Fahrenheit at which temperature the lightest of the oleic vapors are given off and are conducted from the still by means of the pipe 0 to their respective filter, the pipe 0 being always provided with avalve c which always remains closed except during the passage of the lightest of the oleic vapors therethrough. After the lightest of the oleic vapors have been obtained the temperature of the heat is again increased to 450 Fahrenheit at which temperature the next lightest of the oleic vapors are given off and these oleic vapors rising from the dome A are con: ducted from the said dome to their respective filter by means of the pipe D provided with a valve 01 and after these .oleic vapors have been obtained the temperature of the heat is again increased to about 650 Fahren- 'heit at which temperature the last of the third lightest vapors are given off and are conducted to their respective filter by means of a pipe F fitted with a valve 6.

It might here be stated that the perforations in the pipes 8 on the under sides of the plates 4 are in the tops of the said plates so that when steam is used the condensation that will naturally occur during the continuance of the use of the steam will accumulate in the bottoms of the said pipes and may be blown oif from the pipes 3 into the return pipe 9 by the pressure of the. live steam.

Entering the bottom of the still 1 is an exhaust pipe 13 provided with a valve 13 to empty the still of its contents after the vaporizing is completed. The bottom 14 of the still is inclined to direct its contents toward the opening to the exhaust pipe 13.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus for vaporizing oil the combination of an outer shell, a standard cenriphery, means for supplying oil to said aptrally locatedwithin said outer sl1ell,a series of perforated metallic distributing plates within said outer shell, a series of pipes located on the under side of each of the said distributing plates and entering the apparatus from the said outer shell, said pipes adapted to convey heat to the said distributing plates, brackets secured to the said standard and adapted to support the said distributing plates, a vapor domelocated within said outer shell and above the said distributing plates, a supply pipe adapted to feed' the oil to the said distributing plates and pipes adapted to carry off the vapors from the said vapor dome, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus for vaporizing oil the combination of an outer shell, a series of metallic distributing plates Within said outer shell, each of said distributing plates having its upper surface downwardly inclined from the middle to a'point near the periphery and upwardly inclined from said point to its peparatus, means for supplying heat to the said distributing plates and means for conducting away the vapors as they are generated, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus for vaporizing oil the combination of the outer shell, aseries of metallic distributing plates suitably supported within said outer shell, the upper face of each of the distributing plates inclined downwardly from its middle to a point near its periphery and inclined upwardly from said point to its periphery,a downwardly projecting flange encompassing its edge, said flange inclined inwardly to enable the distributing plate next below it to overlap the loweredge of said flange, a supply pipe entering said outer shell and adapted to feed the oil to the distributing plates, a vapor dome within said outer shell and pipes entering said outer shell and adapted to carry away the vapors from the said vapor dome, substantially as described.

Toronto, July 6, 1892.

ROBERT H. LAIRD.

' In presence of CHAS. H. Brenna, M. ANGELL.

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