US495593A - Process of manufacturing zinc oxide - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing zinc oxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US495593A US495593A US495593DA US495593A US 495593 A US495593 A US 495593A US 495593D A US495593D A US 495593DA US 495593 A US495593 A US 495593A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulphur
- zinc oxide
- ore
- zinc
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 24
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 46
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 14
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001187 sodium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
Definitions
- My invention relates to processes for makin g zinc oxide and especially to the treatment. of such zinc ores as contain sulphur, and the object of my invention is to treat these ores in such a Way that the sulphur will be entirely eliminated from the ore and the zinc oxide obtained free from any trace of sulphur.
- My improved process of manufacturing zinc oxide consists in mixing with the ores containing small percentages of sulphur a quantity of a salt having an alkaline base which is of such a character as to be either vaporized or melted at a temperature less than that at which sublimation of zinc occurs and which will form in combination with the sulphur present soluble sulphates; such salts are sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrate and equivalent potassium salts and others which will be at once recognized by chemists and metallurgists as having similar properties. I prefer however to use sodium nitrate because of the powerful oxidizing properties of the nitric acid liberated in this treatment; but on the other hand the sodium chloride will be found to be well Serial Nor 107,027. (N0 specimens.)
- the quantity of the salt required depends onthe sulphur left in the ore each per cent. of sulphur requiring three and two-thirds percent. of the salt which, however, is preferably used slightly in excess.
- the mixture formed as above is then heated or roasted to a temperature which will volatilize or fuse the salt causing it to permeate the mass of ore so that it will comein contact and form a union with all the sulphur present.
- the next step of the process consists in leaching out the soluble sulphates formed by the treatment above described,after which leaching the ores will be found to be free from any substantial or material percentage of sulphur.
- the next step in my process of manufacturing zinc oxide consists in charging the ores thus freed from sulphur into an oxidizing furnace, preferably of the Wetherill type with carbonaceous material and oxidizing the zinc which passes off in the form of fuel and is collected in the usual way.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
IINTTED STATES PATENT FFICE.
GEORGE T. LEWIS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING ZINC OXIDE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 495,593, dated April 18, 1893.
Application filed September 28, 1891.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, GEORGE T. LEWIs, a citizen of the United States,'residingin the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Processes of Manufacturing Zinc Oxide, of which the following is a true and exact decription.
My invention relates to processes for makin g zinc oxide and especially to the treatment. of such zinc ores as contain sulphur, and the object of my invention is to treat these ores in such a Way that the sulphur will be entirely eliminated from the ore and the zinc oxide obtained free from any trace of sulphur.
In the production of oxide of zinc it has been customary to first desulphurize the ore by roasting, and then heat it in a compound reducing and oxidizing furnace to form the oxide, which is caught and saved in bags in the well known manner. The roasting of the ores however does not free them entirely from the presence of the sulphur and in consequence a-small percentage of sulphate or sulphite of zinc is present in the oxidizing furnace and passes from the furnace together with the zinc oxide with which it remains in admixture and the value of which is seriously impaired by its presence.
In mypresent invention I free the ores from sulphur before the formation of the zinc oxide so that the remaining product shall be entirely free from the injurious impurities mentioned.
My improved process of manufacturing zinc oxide consists in mixing with the ores containing small percentages of sulphur a quantity of a salt having an alkaline base which is of such a character as to be either vaporized or melted at a temperature less than that at which sublimation of zinc occurs and which will form in combination with the sulphur present soluble sulphates; such salts are sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrate and equivalent potassium salts and others which will be at once recognized by chemists and metallurgists as having similar properties. I prefer however to use sodium nitrate because of the powerful oxidizing properties of the nitric acid liberated in this treatment; but on the other hand the sodium chloride will be found to be well Serial Nor 107,027. (N0 specimens.)
adapted for use and is ofcourse readily and cheaply procured. The quantity of the salt required depends onthe sulphur left in the ore each per cent. of sulphur requiring three and two-thirds percent. of the salt which, however, is preferably used slightly in excess. The mixture formed as above is then heated or roasted to a temperature which will volatilize or fuse the salt causing it to permeate the mass of ore so that it will comein contact and form a union with all the sulphur present. The next step of the process consists in leaching out the soluble sulphates formed by the treatment above described,after which leaching the ores will be found to be free from any substantial or material percentage of sulphur.
The next step in my process of manufacturing zinc oxide consists in charging the ores thus freed from sulphur into an oxidizing furnace, preferably of the Wetherill type with carbonaceous material and oxidizing the zinc which passes off in the form of fuel and is collected in the usual way.
In cases where the ore contains a large amount of sulphur I first roast it to drive off the sulphur to as great an extent as possible and then add the salt of the alkaline base to the roasted ore. the end of the calcination by stirring it in with the ore in the furnace but this requires a considerable excess of salt to insure a perfect reduction of the sulphur and I therefore prefer to draw the charge after it has been 'roasted and mixing the salt of an alkaline base with it outside of the furnace, subjecting the mixture to an additional heating or roasting to effect the desired combination with the sulphur and the formation of the soluble sulphates, after which I leach out the soluble sulphates and oxidize the ore thus freed from the sulphur.
Ihave in another application filed by meSeptember 6, 1891, Serial No. 404,438, described and claimed a process for accomplishing the same results, to Wit, the obtaining zinc oxide free from sulphates or sulphites and which resembles my present process in so far as the treatment of the roasted ore with alkaline salt is concerned, but in that process the alkaline sulphates were not extracted previous to the sublimation of the zinc.
Having now described my invention, what The salt maybe added at I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The process of manufacturing zinc oxide from zinc ores containing sulphur, which consists in mixing with theore, sodium nitrate or its equivalent as described in quantity sufficient to unite with the sulphur present, roasting the mixture to eifect the formation of a soluble sulphate leaching out the soluble sulphate, and finally oxidizing the zinc in the ores thus freed from sulphur and collecting the zinc oxide fume.
2. The process of manufacturing zinc oxide, which consists in roasting the ore to drive off sulphur, mixing with the roasted oresodium nitrate or its equivalent as described 111 quantity sufficient to unite with the sulphur left in the ore and exposing the mixture to a further roasting to effect the formation of a soluble sulphate then leaching out the soluble sulphate and finally oxidizing the zinc in the orcs thus freed from sulphur and collecting the zinc oxide fume.
H. B. RIANHARD, SAMUEL N. LEWIS.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US495593A true US495593A (en) | 1893-04-18 |
Family
ID=2564431
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US495593D Expired - Lifetime US495593A (en) | Process of manufacturing zinc oxide |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US495593A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070116852A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Josef Schnatmann | Cattle feed preparation |
-
0
- US US495593D patent/US495593A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070116852A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Josef Schnatmann | Cattle feed preparation |
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