US4944843A - Process and apparatus for forming particulate layers - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for forming particulate layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4944843A US4944843A US07/198,217 US19821788A US4944843A US 4944843 A US4944843 A US 4944843A US 19821788 A US19821788 A US 19821788A US 4944843 A US4944843 A US 4944843A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- vacuum
- foraminous element
- free air
- dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/002—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines by using a foamed suspension
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in a process and apparatus for forming fibrous or particulate layers, from foamed dispersions.
- UK Patent Specification No. 1397378 discloses a process and apparatus for making fibrous webs from a foamed dispersion of fibres.
- the process disclosed involves the generation of a foamed fibrous dispersion, the draining of the dispersion on a foraminous material to form a web without substantial breakdown of the foam, and continuously recycling the drained foam for re-use in forming new fibrous dispersion.
- the character of the foam used in the foregoing system needs to be relatively stable, so as to both achieve an even distribution of fibres on the foraminous material and facilitate recycling of the foam.
- foams typically have an air content in excess of 65%, a viscosity of at least 22 seconds measured by Ford Cup No. 4 according to British Standard No. 1733, and in which the air is contained in very small bubbles of in the region of 0.2 millimeters in diameter.
- the invention therefore provides a process for forming a layer of particulate material, comprising the steps of forming a foamed dispersion of the particulate material, supplying the foamed dispersion to a predetermined zone of a plane through which a foraminous element is moving, applying vacuum to the plane across the zone on the other side of the foraminous element, so as to drain foam therethrough and form a particulate layer thereon, removing from the drained foam any free air drawn through or past the foraminous element during drainage, and continuously recycling the resulting foam for re-use in forming foamed particulate dispersion.
- partate material is to be taken as including any particles which are capable of being dispersed in a foamed dispersion and specifically as including fibres, for example of wood pulp, glass, metal or, carbon or other suitable fibres.
- the invention provides apparatus for forming a layer of particulate material from a foamed dispersion of such material, comprising a movable foraminous element, a headbox having an extended slice disposed above the foraminous element to define a layer forming zone, means for generating foamed fibrous dispersion and supplying it to the headbox, wet vacuum box means disposed below said foraminous element co-extensively with the layer forming zone and slice, for draining foam through the foraminous element to form a particulate layer thereon, means for removing from the drained foam any free air which has entered the vacuum box means during drainage and, means for continuously recycling the resulting foam to the foam generating means.
- the means for removing the free air from the drained foam may comprise a secondary vacuum line connected to the vacuum box means at a position above the level of the foam therein.
- the outlet duct from the vacuum box means may include an in-line centrifugal separator through which the free air is removed by vacuum before the foam is recycled.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional side elevation of part of an apparatus for laying down a particulate or fibrous layer on a foraminous element from a foamed dispersion;
- FIG. 2 is a view on the line II--II of FIG. 1, showing in addition one embodiment of an improvement according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view on the line II--II of FIG. 1, showing in addition a second embodiment of an improvement according to the invention.
- an endless foraminous belt 1 for example a Fourdrinier wire passes over a breast roll 2 and across a series of wet vacuum boxes 3 which are evacuated through ducts 4 by a positive displacement pump 5.
- a headbox 6 is located above the Fourdrinier wire 1 and has a slice opening 7 co-extensive with the vacuum boxes 3.
- foamed fibrous dispersion 8 is fed to the headbox 6 through an inlet duct 9.
- the dispersion passes through the slice 7 and is drained through the Fourdrinier wire 1 to deposit a fibrous web 10 on the moving Fourdrinier wire. Drainage of the foam through the wire is assisted by the evacuation of the wet vacuum boxes 3 caused by operation of the positive displacement pump 5.
- gaps 11 must be left between the wire and the upper and lower edges of the wet vacuum boxes and slice opening, respectively.
- the partial vacuum generated in the wet vacuum boxes by the positive displacement pump 5 therefore invitably draws in free air through the gaps 11.
- the presence of this free air in the system has the effect of destabilizing the drained foam 12 being recycled by the pump 5 to a foamed fibrous dispersion generator of known kind (not shown) which is connected to the inlet duct 9 of the headbox.
- the present invention provides for the secondary application of vacuum by a conventional vacuum pump, such as a liquid ring vacuum pump, through the line 13 and a control valve 14 which may be automatic from a point above the level of the drained foam 12 in the wet vacuum boxes 3.
- a conventional vacuum pump such as a liquid ring vacuum pump
- FIG. 3 shows an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 2 but omitting the vacuum line 13 and control valve 14.
- the remaining features of this embodiment are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2 and will not be further described.
- a centrifugal separator 15 is included in the outlet duct 4 from the vacuum box 3.
- the centrifugal separator has connected thereto a vacuum line 16 and an automatic control valve 17.
- the centrifugal separator serves to separate the free air from the foam and discharge it from the system through the vacuum line 16 and valve 17.
- the secondary vacuum can also be controlled to increase the pressure differential across the Fourdrinier wire, and thereby increase the weight per unit area of the web 10 being laid down.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Magnetic Heads (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8712522 | 1987-05-28 | ||
GB878712522A GB8712522D0 (en) | 1987-05-28 | 1987-05-28 | Forming particulate layers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4944843A true US4944843A (en) | 1990-07-31 |
Family
ID=10618024
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/198,217 Expired - Lifetime US4944843A (en) | 1987-05-28 | 1988-05-25 | Process and apparatus for forming particulate layers |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4944843A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0293179B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2618686B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE81167T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3874965T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2034222T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI89513C (en) |
GB (1) | GB8712522D0 (en) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5720851A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1998-02-24 | Sca Hygiene Paper Ab | Method and arrangement for producing a foam-formed fibre or paper web |
WO1998027276A1 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Ahlstrom Paper Group Oy | Using centrifugal pumps in the foam process of producing non-woven webs |
US5904809A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-05-18 | Ahlstrom Paper Group Oy | Introduction of fiber-free foam into, or near, a headbox during foam process web making |
US6444088B2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2002-09-03 | Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy | Foam process web production with foam dilution |
US6562193B1 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 2003-05-13 | Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy | Using centrifugal pumps in the foam process of producing non-woven webs |
US20050215698A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-09-29 | Venkatkrishna Raghavendran | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US20060029476A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-02-09 | Cardemon Richard A | Adjustment method and apparatus for a boring tool |
US20060240242A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-10-26 | Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US20070238378A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Conover Amy M | Lightweight composite thermoplastic sheets including reinforcing skins |
US20070269644A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Azdel, Inc. | Method of increasing loft in a porous fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet |
US20080248278A1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-09 | General Electric Company | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings and methods of making |
USRE44893E1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2014-05-13 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
WO2015173474A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | Metsä Board Oyj | Method of producing boards |
WO2016077527A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Prepregs, cores and composite articles including expandable graphite materials |
WO2016183079A1 (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-17 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Underbody shield composition and articles that provide enhanced peel strength and methods of using them |
WO2016201279A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Impact resistant underbody shield materials and articles and methods of using them |
WO2017082958A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-18 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Acoustic prepregs, cores and composite articles and methods of using them |
WO2018111781A1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles including surface layers that provide enhanced formability |
WO2019136302A1 (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles providing retardancy and noise reduction |
EP3578356A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-11 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles including textured films and recreational vehicle articles including them |
US10519606B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2019-12-31 | Kimberly-Clark Wordlwide, Inc. | Process and system for reorienting fibers in a foam forming process |
US11015292B2 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2021-05-25 | Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag | Process and apparatus for wetlaying nonwovens |
US11255051B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-02-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous sheet with improved properties |
US11313061B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
US11591755B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-02-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Paper tissue with high bulk and low lint |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2893486A (en) * | 1956-02-27 | 1959-07-07 | Crown Zellerbach Corp | Fourdrinier paper making machine |
GB1118045A (en) * | 1964-06-16 | 1968-06-26 | Kalle Ag | Manufacture of non-woven fabrics |
GB1129757A (en) * | 1966-05-31 | 1968-10-09 | Wiggins Teape Res Dev | Method of producing a thixotropic liquid suspending medium particularly for the forming of non-woven fibrous webs |
GB1247013A (en) * | 1967-08-02 | 1971-09-22 | Voith Gmbh J M | Dewatering machine for manufacturing a fibrous web, and method of using the same |
US3631982A (en) * | 1969-01-16 | 1972-01-04 | Neyrpic Bmb | Process and apparatus for the control of pressures for the formation of a sheet or layer by continuous filtration of particles in suspension |
GB1329409A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1973-09-05 | Wiggins Teape Research Dev Ltd | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing paper or other non- woven fibrous material |
US3801436A (en) * | 1970-05-14 | 1974-04-02 | Voith Gmbh J M | Fibrous web forming machine with white water recirculating arrangement |
GB1397378A (en) * | 1973-03-30 | 1975-06-11 | Wiggins Teape Research Dev Ltd | Manufacture of non-woven fibrous material |
GB1427272A (en) * | 1974-01-10 | 1976-03-10 | Wiggins Teape Ltd | Method of manufacturing non-woven fibrous material |
GB2460114A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | John Roy Munford | Apparatus for the containment of open water algae plantations |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS559119B2 (en) * | 1972-04-04 | 1980-03-07 | ||
GB1431603A (en) * | 1973-11-26 | 1976-04-14 | Wiggins Teape Ltd | Forming non-woven fibrous material |
JPS6112996A (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1986-01-21 | ジエ−ムズ・リバ−・ノ−ウオ−ク、インコ−ポレ−テツド | Production of nonwoven fiber web by foam formation method |
-
1987
- 1987-05-28 GB GB878712522A patent/GB8712522D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-05-25 EP EP88304726A patent/EP0293179B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-25 US US07/198,217 patent/US4944843A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-25 DE DE8888304726T patent/DE3874965T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-25 AT AT88304726T patent/ATE81167T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-25 ES ES198888304726T patent/ES2034222T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-25 FI FI882460A patent/FI89513C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-27 JP JP63130025A patent/JP2618686B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2893486A (en) * | 1956-02-27 | 1959-07-07 | Crown Zellerbach Corp | Fourdrinier paper making machine |
GB1118045A (en) * | 1964-06-16 | 1968-06-26 | Kalle Ag | Manufacture of non-woven fabrics |
GB1129757A (en) * | 1966-05-31 | 1968-10-09 | Wiggins Teape Res Dev | Method of producing a thixotropic liquid suspending medium particularly for the forming of non-woven fibrous webs |
GB1247013A (en) * | 1967-08-02 | 1971-09-22 | Voith Gmbh J M | Dewatering machine for manufacturing a fibrous web, and method of using the same |
US3631982A (en) * | 1969-01-16 | 1972-01-04 | Neyrpic Bmb | Process and apparatus for the control of pressures for the formation of a sheet or layer by continuous filtration of particles in suspension |
US3801436A (en) * | 1970-05-14 | 1974-04-02 | Voith Gmbh J M | Fibrous web forming machine with white water recirculating arrangement |
GB1329409A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1973-09-05 | Wiggins Teape Research Dev Ltd | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing paper or other non- woven fibrous material |
GB1397378A (en) * | 1973-03-30 | 1975-06-11 | Wiggins Teape Research Dev Ltd | Manufacture of non-woven fibrous material |
GB1427272A (en) * | 1974-01-10 | 1976-03-10 | Wiggins Teape Ltd | Method of manufacturing non-woven fibrous material |
GB2460114A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | John Roy Munford | Apparatus for the containment of open water algae plantations |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5720851A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1998-02-24 | Sca Hygiene Paper Ab | Method and arrangement for producing a foam-formed fibre or paper web |
WO1998027276A1 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Ahlstrom Paper Group Oy | Using centrifugal pumps in the foam process of producing non-woven webs |
US6562193B1 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 2003-05-13 | Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy | Using centrifugal pumps in the foam process of producing non-woven webs |
US20030192661A1 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 2003-10-16 | Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy | Using centrifugal pumps in the foam process of producing non-woven webs |
US6733631B2 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 2004-05-11 | Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy | Using centrifugal pumps in the foam process of producing non-woven webs |
US5904809A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-05-18 | Ahlstrom Paper Group Oy | Introduction of fiber-free foam into, or near, a headbox during foam process web making |
US6444088B2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2002-09-03 | Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy | Foam process web production with foam dilution |
US20060029476A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-02-09 | Cardemon Richard A | Adjustment method and apparatus for a boring tool |
USRE44893E1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2014-05-13 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US7244501B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2007-07-17 | Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US20060240242A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-10-26 | Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US20050215698A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-09-29 | Venkatkrishna Raghavendran | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US7682697B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2010-03-23 | Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings |
US7759267B2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2010-07-20 | Azdel, Inc. | Lightweight composite thermoplastic sheets including reinforcing skins |
US20070238378A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Conover Amy M | Lightweight composite thermoplastic sheets including reinforcing skins |
US20070269644A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Azdel, Inc. | Method of increasing loft in a porous fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet |
US20080248278A1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-09 | General Electric Company | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets with surface coverings and methods of making |
WO2015173474A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | Metsä Board Oyj | Method of producing boards |
WO2016077527A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Prepregs, cores and composite articles including expandable graphite materials |
WO2016183079A1 (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-17 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Underbody shield composition and articles that provide enhanced peel strength and methods of using them |
WO2016201279A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Impact resistant underbody shield materials and articles and methods of using them |
US11591755B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-02-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Paper tissue with high bulk and low lint |
WO2017082958A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-18 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Acoustic prepregs, cores and composite articles and methods of using them |
US11015292B2 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2021-05-25 | Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag | Process and apparatus for wetlaying nonwovens |
US11807986B2 (en) | 2016-09-01 | 2023-11-07 | Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag | Process and apparatus for wetlaying nonwovens |
WO2018111781A1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles including surface layers that provide enhanced formability |
EP4219153A1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2023-08-02 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles including surface layers that provide enhanced formability |
US10519606B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2019-12-31 | Kimberly-Clark Wordlwide, Inc. | Process and system for reorienting fibers in a foam forming process |
US11255051B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-02-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous sheet with improved properties |
US12043963B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2024-07-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous sheet with improved properties |
WO2019136302A1 (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles providing retardancy and noise reduction |
EP3578356A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-11 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles including textured films and recreational vehicle articles including them |
US11313061B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
US11788221B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2023-10-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI89513B (en) | 1993-06-30 |
DE3874965T2 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
GB8712522D0 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
JP2618686B2 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
FI882460A0 (en) | 1988-05-25 |
ATE81167T1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
FI882460A (en) | 1988-11-29 |
DE3874965D1 (en) | 1992-11-05 |
FI89513C (en) | 1993-10-11 |
EP0293179B1 (en) | 1992-09-30 |
JPS63303192A (en) | 1988-12-09 |
EP0293179A1 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
ES2034222T3 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WIGGINS TEAPE GROUP LIMITED, THE, P.O. BOX 88, GAT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WALLACE, PETER L.;WILLIS, ANTHONY J.;REEL/FRAME:004900/0114 Effective date: 19880406 Owner name: WIGGINS TEAPE GROUP LIMITED, THE, A CORP. OF ENGLA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WALLACE, PETER L.;WILLIS, ANTHONY J.;REEL/FRAME:004900/0114 Effective date: 19880406 |
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Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
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Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
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