US491772A - Magazine gun - Google Patents

Description

5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

L. M. R, DAUDETEAU.

MAGAZINE GUN.

Patented Feb ATTOHIVEYJ ms rgonms PUERS 60.. PNOTO-LIYHOWIWASNINGTON, o. c.

(No Model.) 5 SheetsSheet 2.

L. M. R. DAUDETBAU.

MAGAZINE GUN.

Patnted Feb.. 14, 1893.

............ a B. i m

m: ucmins mm 00. Pnorom'noo WASHINGTON n. c.

WITNESSES:

3 t e e h s m e e h s 5 U A M we U m .D Rm M M w a d o M O w No. 491.772. Patented Feb. 14, 1893.

'1 777 Wg/VVE/VTOI? 2 BY kw ATM/MEN" WITNESSES:

ma Ncnms mzRs cow. rum-awn, wnsmuo'rum a c.

, (No Mbdel.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

L. M. R. DAUDBTEAU. MAGAZINE GUN.

MArmn/my Am ooooowooo Patented Feb. 14

; WIT/V 8E8:

unnms PETERS 1:0,. Puma-umm WASHINGTON, n. c.

(No Model.) L M R ETEAUI 5 Sheets Sheet 5.

MAGAZINE GUN.

Patented Feb. -14

INVENTOH 7 S a l W/TNESSES 6 AZTORNEYJ m: NDRRS erms ca. vnomuwo; WASH LOUIS MARIE RENE DAUDETEAU, OF VANNES, FRANCE.

MAGAZINE-GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 491,772, dated February 14, 1893. Application filed January 29, 1891- Serial No. 379,599- (No model.) Patented in England December 10, 1890, No. 20.185.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LOUIS MARIE RENE DAUDETEAU, of Vannes, (Morbihan,) in the Republic of France, have invented Improvements in Repeating Small-Arms, (for which I have obtained a British patent, No. 20,185, dated December 10, 1890,) of which the following is a specification.

The repeating small-arm with the breech closed in two movements and magazine under the breech action forming the object of the present invention is distinguished by the following special arrangements namely: First. A movable or longitudinally sliding breech bolt made in one piece with symmetrical or equally distributed supports in front and a peculiarly arranged plug at the rear end with or without a safety bolt. Second. A trigger action made in two partsthe trigger and the sear nosenot attached to the receiver and working with a helical spring. 'lhird. Spring stops for the cartridges and for releasing the same arranged to prevent the cartridges contained in the magazine from rising when not required. Fourth. A stop for the bolt formed by the sear nose so arranged that by pressing on the trigger the bolt can be drawn out and that this cannot be done when the sear nose is elevated. Fifth. A recoil block on the front part of the receiver. Sixth. A safety bolt attached either to the receiver or to the sliding breech bolt. Seventh. A peculiar action of the spring of the cartridge elevator and of the elevator itself. Eighth. A lateral vent communicating with the recess for the bolt.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in side elevation the breech action or mechanism of a repeating rifle according to my invention, the parts being represented with the sliding bolt drawn back so as to open the breech which can be closed by two movements. Fig. 2 represents the same in plan; Fig. 3 illustrates the sliding breech bolt or cylinder detached, in side elevation, in end elevation and in plan. Fig. 4 illustrates the breech bolt plug (hereinbefore referred to) in side and end elevation; Fig. 5 represents similar views of the firing pin; Fig. 6 represents the extractor in side elevation and plan. Fig. 7 illustrates the receiver viewed from the rear, and Fig. 8 represents this receiver in trans verse section, in the plane of the axis of the screw by which the ejector spring is attached. Fig. 9 represents the receiver in transverse section together with the cartridge magazine likewise in section; Fig. 10 illustrates the left hand magazine stop and ejector. Fig. 11 represents the right hand magazine stop, and Fig. 12 represents the safety bolt in end and side elevation; Fig. 13 represents a side elevation; and Fig. 14 a plan of a modified construction of the breech mechanism; Fig. 15 shows the lock L in its two positions, the views being sections taken on line 1515 of Fig. 13. Fig. 15 represents the lock apart from the gun; Fig. 16 represents a plan and end view of the modified form of the firing pin; Fig. 17

is a section taken on line 1717 of Fig. 14.;

Fig. 17 is a plan of Fig. 17; Fig. 18 shows a side elevation, a plan and a front end view of one form of breech bolt; Fig. 19 shows the movable ejector; Fig. 19 represents the retaining spring; Fig. 20 is a View of a modified form of the magazine stop; Fig. 21 is a side sectional elevation of another form of breech bolt.

I will now describe the several constituent parts in successionas represented in Figs. 1 to 12.

The sliding breech bolt A (Fig. 3), made of one piece of metal, is provided with a hand lever B by means of which it can be caused to slide longitudinally in the direction of the axis of the barrel and to partake of rotary or rocking motion upon this axis. This bolt serving to close the breech is provided at its front part with two diametrically opposite wings or projections a a. situated in a plane perpendicular to that of the lever B. When the breech is completely closed, that is to say when the bolt has completed its rotary movement, these projections are placed vertically and are consequently engaged in circular parts or recesses c, Fig. 1, (and indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 8) which are situated in front of internally projecting flanges or shoulders 0 provided in the receiver. The boltA also carries a guide a (Fig. 3) the base of which presents a passage for the extractor e (Fig. '6) while the front part guides the bolt in the plane of the recess or opening in the receiver. A block b on the upper side of the bolt and forming the base of the hand lever The fore end d of the plug D (Fig. 4) is. screwed into the rear end of the bolt (Figs. 1

and 2) and the screw 1: in the base of the handle jams against the threaded part cl so as to rigidly fix the plug in the bolt and cause it to partake of all the rotary and other movements of the latter. A central longitudinal passage in the axis of the :boltforms a charm her for the reception of a firing pin P representeddetached 'in Fig. 5 and in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2.

The firing P (Fig. 5) is made in one piece with a hammer P and is connected at its front extremity to a firing pin 1) by means of an under-cut or T-shaped tongue and groove. A helical spring r wrapped round this firing pin bears at one end against a shoulder formed by the pin and at the other end against the plug D see dotted lines in Figs. 1 and :2.)

The hammer P fixed on the firing pin is provided with a helical incline T and a corresponding incline r is provided on the plug. D (Fig. 4') so that the rotation of the latter with the bolt presses-back and cocks the hammer and firing pin. On its under side the hammer is provided with a projection or tooth p which when the hammer is cooked bears against the sear nose g and behind this tooth there is a recess for the reception of the sear nose after the hammer has been released in- Lateral projections 19 are formed on f firing. the sides of the hammer so as to stop up or close the ends of the grooves in the receiver into which they enter when a shot is fired. The left hand projection 19 may also be .arranged to bear against a safety bolt L (Fig. 12) attached to the side of the receiver (Figs. 2 and 7) so that when the breech is closed and the hammer cocked the rifle cannot be made to go off even by pressing on the trigger until this safety bolt L has been turned outward or removed from its position in front of the projection on the hammer.

The receiver is perforated from one end to the other by a suitably bored and dressed bed for the reception of the sliding breech bolt A. In the two opposite sides of this bed there are grooves Z for the passage of the lateral projections a a on the bolt. These two grooves are open at the rear ends and at the front they communicate with the circular grooves c c which enable a rotatory motion of the bolt to bring the projections a a in front of the internal projections or shoulders c c hereinbefore referred to and indibears upon flats formed on the cated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. Screw threads 0 (Fig. 1) connect the barrel to the receiver and determine with precision the positions of the recesses for the projections on the bolt.

The right hand side of the bed or recess for the sliding breech bolt is cut away at 0 (Figs. 1, 2 and 9) for the purpose of facilitating the introduction of the cartridges into the receiver and the ejection of the hollow cases or removal of entire cartridges if required.

An opening 0 in the bottom of the bed (Figs. 1, 2, 7 and 9) connects the magazine in the trigger guard with the receiver and enables the cartridges to be passed up from the said magazine into the space in front of the sliding bolt by the action of the cartridge elevator as hereinafter described.

The flat partoredge of the depression Gin the side of the receiver is extended or overhangs as far as the outside edge of the wood or stock and forms a rib which is perforated by an opening 0 (Figs. 1, 2, 7 and 0) for the passage of the nose n of the lower spring stop 11 n acting on the cartridges in the magazine. An opening for the passage of thesear nose g ;(Fig. l) is formed in the planeof the axis in the bed of .the bolt.

At the rear extremity of the receiver there are two external enlargements E (Figs. 2 and 7), one of which (on the left hand side) is perforated with a hole drilled parallel to the axis of the gun, for the reception of the pivot of the safety bolt L (shown detached in Fig. 12) which is maintained in position by a spring at (Fig. 2) attached to the breech case. This safety bolt when rocked outward frees the orifice of the left hand groove Z in the receiver and consequentlyenables the hammer to slide forward when the trigger is pulled.

On the other hand when the safety belt is rocked inward it obstructs the passage of the projection p on the hammer. Thespring 4c spindle so as to retain the bolt in its two positions.

In the interiorot' the receiverover the magazine there are twoprojecting magazine stops m and n (shown separately in Figs. 10 and 11) connected respectively to springs m and 1t attached to the case at m 77. (Figs. 2, 8 and 9). One of these stops namely the stop m (Fig. 10) carries the ejector m and is inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees so as to project above the top cartridge in the magazine as represented in Fig. 9 and prevent it from rising irregularly at the time of the brusque opening of the bolt. The other stop marked n prevents the elevator from pushing against the cartridges until a projection 02 (Fig. 11) on the spring passing through the orifice c (Fig. 9) has been depressed either by hand or automatically by the base b of the lever B in the second or rotary motion completing the closing of the breech. This second stop consequently serves to prevent a second cartridge from rising and presenting itself in front of the completely drawn back bolt when acartridge has been previously introduced into the chamber and has remained there owing to an incompleted forward movement of the bolt. These spring stops m and 'n. are pushed aside by the introduction of the cartridges into the magazine, but do not permit the cartridges to get out y'vithout being pushed forward by the bolt, or by hand. A cartridge never passes over the stop m in a perpendicular plane, but slides diagonally from beneath it. When the empty case is ejected the end of the top cartridge projects up into the path of the bolt enough to be pushed forward from under the stop m into the chamber. The second cartridge cannot, however, rise to the place between the stops on and it until the bolt has been completely closed, that is, at the end of the rotary movement of the bolt when the base I) presses on the projection 01 and pushes the spring 01. aside. The arrangement is such that the extractor e always engages the rim of the car tridge when the base b of the lever B acts upon the-projection n on the spring at in order to push aside the magazine stopn and thus enable the cartridge in the magazine to be raised in turn until it is brought in front of the bolt.

The two stops m and n while retaining the cartridges in the magazine do not oppose their introduction being retained by springs capable of yielding to pressure. In brief the functions of the two spring stops m and n are as follows:-First. To retain the cartridges in the magazine all the force or thrust exerted by the elevator being supported by the stop at. Second. To regulate the feed of the cartridges in such a manner that two cannot present themselves together for entering the receiver. Third. To eject the cartridge cases removed from the receiver.

It will be seen that if the bolt is not drawn back sufficiently to eject the empty case, the top cartridge could not project up enough to be taken by the bolt at the next closing; also that if the bolt is not completely closed the cartridge below the stop it cannot rise,th us avoiding double repetition from either an incomplete backward or incomplete forward movement of the bolt. v

The receiver is completed by a tang, a recoil block R and a vent to (Fig. 1). A screw V (Fig. 1) passed through the tang connects the receiver and the trigger guard plate to the stock. The block R in front of the receiver receives a screw V which holds the front end of the guard plate. The ventu (Fig. 1) places the recess a in communication with the exterior and serves to provide an easy escape for any gas that may penetrate into this recess when a cartridge case bursts accidentally.

The trigger mechanism is composed of three parts namely a trigger G (Fig. 1) a helical spring g and the sear nose 9. The scar nose and the trigger which is provided with two suitable lugs are connected bya pin or pivot a. The spring g is retained between the sear nose and the trigger guard plate by means of studs or projections which enter the coils of the spring as represented in the drawings. The trigger G is provided with two bearing surfaces 1 and 2 bearing against the under surface of the receiver plate and on which it rocks in successiopi when pressed by the finger. This movement of the trigger compresses the spring g and pulls down the sear nose 9 which is guided in the opening in the receiver. The scar spring 9 tends to push up the sear nose and causes it to project into the recess or bed in the receiver.

The cartridge magazine is composed of a metal box F forming part of the trigger guard plate and which being introduced from below the stock fits with its edges against the under side of the receiver (Figs. 1 and 9) opposite the opening 0' in the latter and is secured by the screws V and V. It forms with the. receiver astructure independent of the stock which may even be dispensed with without interfering with the action of the mechanism. In connection with the stock it may be observed that it is provided with a raised part M (Figs. 1 and 2) which partly surrounds the barrel from the receiver to the strap of the fore end without covering or obstructing the back sight thus enabling the barrel to be grasped with the bare hand even during the most rapid fire.

At the rear of the magazine is the trigger guard proper F surrounding the trigger G. At the bottom of the magazine there is an elevator H (Fig. 1) rocking on an axis h and acted upon by a spring h'.attached to the trigger guard plate by a block 70*. On this elevator is hinged a cartridge troughJ acted on by a springj attached to the elevator. The bottom of the magazine is closed by a plate K hinged at one end on a pin is and supported at-the other by a dovetail k. The cartridges are introduced into the magazine through the opening 0' by depressing the elevator. They can be introduced by means of a charger of any suitable construction. I

Having thus described a typical arrangement of the mechanism I will now proceed to describe certain modifications which may be made in some of the parts.

The sliding breech bolt in place of terminatingin the plugD as hereinbefore described may be arranged as represented in side elevation and in plan in Figs. 13 and 14 respectively, being provided with a threaded part q engaging with a head Q rigidly attached to the bolt by a set screw q. This bolt-may also be provided at its rear end with a slot f and a helical incline f with which engagesa projection or tooth 6011' the firing pin, the toot-h being formed with a corresponding incline as represented in side and end elevation in Fig-'16.

On the stem of the firing pin P (Fig. 16) there is a sleeve N slotted longitudinally for the passage of the noset and forming aboaring for the spring 0' wrapped around the said ICC stem. When the head or plug Q is screwed home it pushes the sleeve along the stem to a distance sufficient to give the necessary initial compression to the spring r When the bolt is pushed pin comesin contact with the the rotary motion completing the firing pin (the said tooth tbeing broug t opposite to the slot f), the arm is ready for firing by acting on the trigger. A groove (Fig. 13) in the rear part of the receiver atfords a passage for the tooth t on the firingpin and at the same time serves to retain it in one position during the rotation of the bolt. By these means it is compelled to move back over the incline f which places it in the cocked position. The safety bolt in place of being attached to the receiver may be situated on the sliding bolt as represented in Figs. 13, 14 and 15 and 15. According to this arrangement the head Q attached to the bolt and perforated for the passage of the striker presents two milled surfaces separated by a circular spring U (Fig. 15) contained in an sear nose 9 and the cocking f annular recess in the head Q and acting on a safety bolt L which is the said head. By pressing on a milled projection on this bolt it can be rocked in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the sliding breech bolt. When pushed over in one direction the tail of the safety bolt projects inwardly and engages with a recess 2 (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 16) in the stem of the firing pin which is thereby rendered immovable so that the shot cannot be fired until the safety bolt has been pushed over so as to disengage the firing-pin. The head Q may also be provided with two projections y y (Figs. 13 and 14) at right angles to the projections a a which are provided at the fore end of the breech bolt as hereinbefore described. These projections y 'ywhen the breech bolt is in position for closing the breech engage with a recess Z (Fig. 17) so as to close the lateral grooves in the breech case in such a manner as to prevent any gas that may accidentally penetrate into these grooves from blowing out in the face of the marksman.

The bolt plug or head may be dispensed with altogether as in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 21 in section the bolt itself being prolonged at the rear sufiiciently to form the helical incline 0* which acts in combination with the incline r on the hammer P for :he purpose of cocking the latter. In order .0 facilitate the introduction of the firing-pin tnd of its spring which in this case cannot )e introduced from the closed rear end of the iliding breech bolt, there is provided at the rent end of the bolt a removable head T vhich is attached under the projection a by neans of a screw 12. This removable head arries an extractor e and an ejector 2' hereinafter more fully described) and the we lateral projections a a represented in nd elevation in Fig. 18.

The ejector 1 represented separately in pivoted in a recess in forward the toothtof the firing breech case the base of Fig. 19 may be attached to the bolt as represented in Fig. 18 in place of being attached to the receiver as in the arrangement hereinbefore described. In this case the front end of the groove r in which the sear nose works is formed with a dovetailed or undercut part terminating in a cylindrical hole or passage 0' in which works the ejector t. A spring r (Fig. 19) closes the dovetail and prevents the ejector from falling out at the same time permitting of a certain amount of play in a longitudinal direction. On drawing back the sliding bolt A to open the breech the sear nose 9 strikes against the rear end of the ejector t and causes its point or extremity to protrude in such a manner as to effect the ejection of the case. In closing the breech the protruding extremity of the ejector comes in contact with the fresh cartridge which has been pushed up out of the magazine and is pushed back into its recess when the bolt completes its forward motion.

In order to prevent a fresh cartridge from being pushed up before the preceding cartridge has been completely ejected the top cartridge is retained or held down by the left hand retaining spring which with this object may assume the modified form illustrated in Fig. 20. The effect of this arrangement is that so long as the stop m projects into the the cartridge cannot be sufficiently elevated to be acted on by the bolt. On the other hand when the left hand projection on the bolt presses upon a tooth m projecting into the corresponding groove in the breech case, the stop m moves back and the cartridge is free to rise up in frontof the breech bolt. The tooth m is so arranged that the left hand projection on the bolt acts upon it precisely during that surplus part of the movement described by the bolt in moving backward from the point where the ejector commences to be acted on by the sear nose.

Above the stop m there is a counter stop even with the lower part of the left hand groove in the breech case and carried by a spring specially provided or dependent on the spring step 112 m. This counter stop is employed for the purpose of preventing the cartridge from being jerked out accidentally and retains it correctly in position in front of the bolt. It is consequently impossible for two cartridges to be fed up at once during the backward motion of the sliding bolt as the cartridge in the magazine cannot be pushed up until theempty case, withdrawn from the receiver, has been ejected. It is evident that this modified arrangement with a movable ejector is not necessary except when the diameter of the base of the cartridge does not allow of the employment of the ejector of the type fixed to the case. "When the said base is smaller than or too nearly equal to-the diameter of the recess of the firing pin, it would become necessary, were the other arrangement adopted, to cut the bolt from one end to the otherin forming the groove for the passage of the ejector. This would complicate the construction and reduce the strength of the bolt.

I claim as my invention 1. In arepeating fire-arm,the combination of a receiver and a movable breech-bolt having a hand lever, with a magazine and springstops m and n at the entrance to the magazine, the said stops m and n bein adapted to be actuated by the ejector and the base of the hand lever respectively, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a repeating fire-arm the receiver and movable breech-bolt therein in combination with a magazine opening into the receiver and two spring stops at the opening of the magazine, one stop above the first cartridge and the other between the first and second cartridges, a movable ejector, and means for operating the said stops, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a repeating fire-arm, the combination of a receiver having an opening 0', with a opening,-the said receiver provided with a circular groove 0 having a vent o and a recoil block R, all substantially as set forth.

In testimonywhereof Ihave signed my name 1 to this specificationin the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LOUIS MARIE RENE mnnr'rmu.

W itn esses ALBERT ROBIN,

LEON CRANE KENT.

magazine having its entrance below the said

Images