US491720A - Gustave retterer - Google Patents
Gustave retterer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US491720A US491720A US491720DA US491720A US 491720 A US491720 A US 491720A US 491720D A US491720D A US 491720DA US 491720 A US491720 A US 491720A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spelter
- bath
- galvanizing
- sheets
- retterer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000635 Spelter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095054 ammoniac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02041—Cleaning
- H01L21/02043—Cleaning before device manufacture, i.e. Begin-Of-Line process
- H01L21/02052—Wet cleaning only
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved galvanizng bath and its method of-employment for galvanizing iron whereby the formation of hard spelter, so prejudicial with the processes heretofore employed is in a great measure prevented.
- At present sheet iron is generallygalvanized by immersing the sheets, previously pickled and scoured by an acid bath, in a bath of melted spelter covered with sal-ammoniac where they become covered with a superficial coating of spelter. This operation requires two workmen to operatethe sheets and a third to spread (spatnler) the surface of the bath when the sheets are withdrawn.
- the sheets are first dipped in a bath of melted lead and are afterward immediately immersed in another bath of melted spelter.
- This method only possesses the advantage of better preparing the sheet to receive the covering of spelter the process otherwise having the same defects as exist with the single bath process.
- the galvanizing bath at its upper part is divided bymeans of a longitudinal partition int-0 two compartments which communicate with each other below the partition; one of these compartments which forms the continuation of the lower part of the galvanizing bath'is filled, as well as such lower part, with melted lead and the other compartment with melted spelter which floats on the lead which has free access through the bottom of this second compartment.
- the sheets to be galvanized are first immersed in the lead bath suiciently deep to allow of the upper longitudinal side to descend somewhat below the dividing partition and in any suitable manner caused to pass to the other side of the thickness of the said partition when by reason of the difference of the densities of the lead and the sheet the latter will be automatically projected through the spelter bath until it arrives within reach of the workmen who grasp it with their lifting tongs and withdraw it perfectly galvanized.
- Oscillating guides are provided in the spelter baths arranged on two bars which oat on the surface of the spelter, which guides direct the automatic upward movement of the sheet and the bars spread the insulating layer which re-covers the surface of the spelter in the necessary manner and at the moment required.
- Figure 1 shows a vertical section on the longitudinal axis of the galvanizing bath, that is to say, on the line 1--2 of Figs. 2 and 3.
- Fig. 2 is a plan.
- Fig. 3 represents a vertical cross-section on the line 3 4 of Fig. l.
- the grate a is preceded byl'he opening a', whichopens into the engine room a2; the combustion gases issue through the ues b, in an arch b', on which the galvanizing bath c rests.
- Cast iron lugs of progressively increasing heights keep the bottom of the galvanizing bath in a horizontal position, in spite of the back of the arch, which I have caused to be inclined for the sole purpose of directing to a main gutter d the molten metal which may escape, and which flows of itseli into a reservoir placed for that purpose in the engine room.
- Two bars k 1c', placed in the middle of the compartment o, are carried respectively by two series of supports m m', mounted by means of staples or eyes s respectively on two horizental pivoted rods 'n fn', the former being nearthe partition h, and the latter near the side of the galvanizing bath.
- the rods fn fa are pivoted at their ends to the two cross supports t. This arrangement allows the bars kit/,to come together as near as possible when in the normal position, and also to open out in turning on their pivotal sup-ports.
- the compartment o In the galvanizing bath c, and the compartment o is found pure molten lead, and in the compartment o, melted spelter. By reason of the difference of the densities of the lead and the spelter, the levels of the lead in o and o will be nearly as shown in Fig. 3. On the level of the lead in o', sal-ammoniac, or muriate of ammoniac, or a zinc salt such as chloride of zinel has been spread. On the sur- Y in the compartment o'.
- the operation is as follows: The iron to be galvanized, taken hold of by two workmen, is immersed in the compartment o' until its upper edge has gone a little below the partition h; then the workmen incline the sheet in pushing such upper edge toward the compartment o, and afterward leave hold of it. By reason of the difference of the densities of the lead and the sheet, this latter rises in the Ycompartment o until it cornes andjscparates the bars k, lo', at which point it is again taken hold of by the workmen and carried to the storerooin. By this new process, the sheets are then passed to the lead baths, and afterward, and without any handling whatever, to the spelter baths.
- the bars 7c k have acted just as spreaders do for, in being opened out by the pressure of the rising sheet, they have just sufficiently uncovered the surface of the spelter to let the sheets come out of therbath.
- the sheets thus treated are more brilliant, finer, more malleable, more salable in fact' than those galvanized as heretofore, and, besides, there is very much less hard spelter and less evaporation by reason of the auto matical spreading of the layer of line powder on the spelter. Oxidation takes place in a lesser deg'ree, and the spelter is laid on in the lowest quantity.
- the stock of zinc also neednot be so large,'on' account of the quantitiyiusd at time in the bath being as small vas possible.
- a galvanizing bath provided with a substantially vertical partition in the upper part dividing said upper part into two spaces or compartments, one of said compartments being provided with movable guide bars or spreaders arranged normally near each other and constructed to he separated by the upward movement between the same ofthe matoo IIO
- a galvanizing bath provided with a sub- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my stantially vertical partition in its upper part hand in presence of lnwo Witnesses.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Description
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
G. RETTBRBR; APPARATUS POB. GALVANIZING' IRON.
No'. 491,720. Patented Feb. 14, 1893.
Zil
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
G. RETTERER. APPARATUS EUR GALVANIZING IRON.
No. 491,720. Patented Peb. 14, 1893.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GUSTAVE RETTERER, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.
APPARATUS FOR GALVANIZING IRON.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 491,720, dated February 14, 1893.
ApplicationiiledMay 23, 1892. Serial No. 433,936. (No modeL) Patented in France April 14, 1892,N0. 220,948, and in England April 16, 1892,11'0. 7.332.'
To all whom, it may concern,.-
Be it known that I, GUsrAvE RETTERER, engineer, of 31 Rue du Commerce, Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented a new Improvement in Galvanizing Iron and Apparatus Therefor, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent of France,'No. 220,948, for fifteen years, dated April 14, 1892, and of Great Britain, No. 7,332, dated April 1G, 1892;) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.
This invention relates to an improved galvanizng bath and its method of-employment for galvanizing iron whereby the formation of hard spelter, so prejudicial with the processes heretofore employed is in a great measure prevented.
At present sheet iron is generallygalvanized by immersing the sheets, previously pickled and scoured by an acid bath, in a bath of melted spelter covered with sal-ammoniac where they become covered with a superficial coating of spelter. This operation requires two workmen to operatethe sheets and a third to spread (spatnler) the surface of the bath when the sheets are withdrawn. By this process hard spelter is largely produced and an excessive evaporation results from the frequent and considerable oxidation of the snrface of the spelter from contact with the atmosphere for, it will be understood,that for each sheet the upper surface of the spelter has to be spread whereby it is uncovered more than is expedient and is pnt directly-and for a certain length of time in contact with the atmosphere. This method of galvanizing possesses the further disadvantage of charging the immel-sed sheets with spelter to too great an ex tent, doubtless owing to the length of time occupied in immersing them in and removing them from4 the bath. By another method, also Well known, the sheets are first dipped in a bath of melted lead and are afterward immediately immersed in another bath of melted spelter. This method only possesses the advantage of better preparing the sheet to receive the covering of spelter the process otherwise having the same defects as exist with the single bath process.
According to my invention the galvanizing bath at its upper part is divided bymeans of a longitudinal partition int-0 two compartments which communicate with each other below the partition; one of these compartments which forms the continuation of the lower part of the galvanizing bath'is filled, as well as such lower part, with melted lead and the other compartment with melted spelter which floats on the lead which has free access through the bottom of this second compartment. The sheets to be galvanized are first immersed in the lead bath suiciently deep to allow of the upper longitudinal side to descend somewhat below the dividing partition and in any suitable manner caused to pass to the other side of the thickness of the said partition when by reason of the difference of the densities of the lead and the sheet the latter will be automatically projected through the spelter bath until it arrives within reach of the workmen who grasp it with their lifting tongs and withdraw it perfectly galvanized. Oscillating guides are provided in the spelter baths arranged on two bars which oat on the surface of the spelter, which guides direct the automatic upward movement of the sheet and the bars spread the insulating layer which re-covers the surface of the spelter in the necessary manner and at the moment required.
By my invention the oxidation of the spelter takes place only on the withdrawal of each of the sheets and not during the whole of the operation as with the processes hitherto employed, the formation of hard spelter and evaporation are reduced to a minimum; the charge of spelter is as small as possible and is uniformly applied and finally the spreading being effected automatically the workman charged with this duty in the well known processes can be dispensed with whereby an economy of labor is effected.
Still other advantages are possessed by the mode of operatin g which I have just described and by the new arrangements that I have de- Vsigned for putting my method into actual manufacturing practice, arrangements which I will describe hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section on the longitudinal axis of the galvanizing bath, that is to say, on the line 1--2 of Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 is a plan. Fig. 3 represents a vertical cross-section on the line 3 4 of Fig. l.
'lhe stonework of the galvanizing bath is of well known construction; the grate a is preceded byl'he opening a', whichopens into the engine room a2; the combustion gases issue through the ues b, in an arch b', on which the galvanizing bath c rests. Cast iron lugs of progressively increasing heights keep the bottom of the galvanizing bath in a horizontal position, in spite of the back of the arch, which I have caused to be inclined for the sole purpose of directing to a main gutter d the molten metal which may escape, and which flows of itseli into a reservoir placed for that purpose in the engine room. The combustion gases, after having passed through the lines b at the front and at the back of the upper part of the furnace, 'mount up to about one half the height of the sides of the galvanizing bath, are then led to near the end at the back of the furnace, are brought back afterward to heat the upper part of the sides of As shown by the drawings, t-he workmen s are placed at g, on a level with' the ground,
5 or at g', on a level with the upper edges of `of the galvanizing bath.
At its upper part the galvanizing bath, is
longitudinally divided by an iron partition h, forming a metal-tight joint atits two ends,
l 1 so as to make, with the sides of the galvanizing bath, two bottomless compartments o o',
` either of the same or of diiferent size.
Two bars k 1c', placed in the middle of the compartment o, are carried respectively by two series of supports m m', mounted by means of staples or eyes s respectively on two horizental pivoted rods 'n fn', the former being nearthe partition h, and the latter near the side of the galvanizing bath. The rods fn fa are pivoted at their ends to the two cross supports t. This arrangement allows the bars kit/,to come together as near as possible when in the normal position, and also to open out in turning on their pivotal sup-ports. Fig. 4
is a detail view of this arrangement.
In the galvanizing bath c, and the compartment o is found pure molten lead, and in the compartment o, melted spelter. By reason of the difference of the densities of the lead and the spelter, the levels of the lead in o and o will be nearly as shown in Fig. 3. On the level of the lead in o', sal-ammoniac, or muriate of ammoniac, or a zinc salt such as chloride of zinel has been spread. On the sur- Y in the compartment o'.
face of the spelter floats a layer of fine powder, such as powdered coke.
The operation is as follows: The iron to be galvanized, taken hold of by two workmen, is immersed in the compartment o' until its upper edge has gone a little below the partition h; then the workmen incline the sheet in pushing such upper edge toward the compartment o, and afterward leave hold of it. By reason of the difference of the densities of the lead and the sheet, this latter rises in the Ycompartment o until it cornes andjscparates the bars k, lo', at which point it is again taken hold of by the workmen and carried to the storerooin. By this new process, the sheets are then passed to the lead baths, and afterward, and without any handling whatever, to the spelter baths. In this last period of the process, the bars 7c k have acted just as spreaders do for, in being opened out by the pressure of the rising sheet, they have just sufficiently uncovered the surface of the spelter to let the sheets come out of therbath. The sheets thus treated are more brilliant, finer, more malleable, more salable in fact' than those galvanized as heretofore, and, besides, there is very much less hard spelter and less evaporation by reason of the auto matical spreading of the layer of line powder on the spelter. Oxidation takes place in a lesser deg'ree, and the spelter is laid on in the lowest quantity. Finally, there is economy of labor, by reason of the automatical spreading. The stock of zinc also neednot be so large,'on' account of the quantitiyiusd at time in the bath being as small vas possible.
In conclusion, I may again remark that the destroying action of the spelter is only felt on the upper parts of the galvanizing bath; that such action can be looked after; and that if necessary it can be attenuated in a great measure in this sense that if the compartment o has got out of order after a certain time, the spelter bath and its self-working system, which is movable, can be placed In this way, the gaivanizing bath lasts very much longer.
'What I claim is:
1. A galvanizing bath provided with a substantially vertical partition in the upper part dividing said upper part into two spaces or compartments, one of said compartments being provided with movable guide bars or spreaders arranged normally near each other and constructed to he separated by the upward movement between the same ofthe matoo IIO
terialY operated upon, substantially as `de- Y between the same of the material operated pivoted arms or supports, substantially as deupon, substantially as described. scribed. bI0
3. A galvanizing bath provided with a sub- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my stantially vertical partition in its upper part hand in presence of lnwo Witnesses.
dividing said upper part into two spaces GUSTAVE RETTERER.
or `compartments one of said compartments Witnesses:
being provided with two movable bars or PAUL RUBY,
spreaders secured to downwardly extending ALEXANDRE IIBAUT.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US491720A true US491720A (en) | 1893-02-14 |
Family
ID=2560566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US491720D Expired - Lifetime US491720A (en) | Gustave retterer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US491720A (en) |
-
0
- US US491720D patent/US491720A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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