US488683A - Producing enameled iron ware - Google Patents
Producing enameled iron ware Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US488683A US488683A US488683DA US488683A US 488683 A US488683 A US 488683A US 488683D A US488683D A US 488683DA US 488683 A US488683 A US 488683A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ware
- enamel
- iron
- paste
- producing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H Sodium hexafluoroaluminate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].F[Al-3](F)(F)(F)(F)F REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H Tricalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
Definitions
- My invention relates to an improvement in the process of making enameled iron-ware of the kind known as speckled or pepperedware.
- the characteristic of the Ware answering the above description is the presence throughoutthe enamel, and preferably as a constituent part thereof, of specks contrasting in color with the remainder of the enamel.
- the ware is distinguished from whatis known as mottled ware, such as granite or agate ware, in the fact that the contrasting specks are produced by the incorporation in the enamel coating of an agent which presents the contrasting color, whereas in the case of the mottled ware the specks or spots are not only generally of a larger and somewhat less defined character than those found in the speckledware, but are caused by the absorption into the glaze of oxide of iron formed upon the surface of the metal during the process of enameling.
- My invention therefore, consists, broadly, in a process of making speckled enameled ware, which consists in preparing a paste from the desired ingredients and adding thereto a granular enamel, ground to a proper degreeof fineness and having a f usibility greater than that of paste, and thereupon applying the mixture to the article, and drying and fusing in the usual manner.
- My invention consists further in the preferred composition which I employ for the best results.
- This ground mass may consist of the following ingredients; fifty parts of flint or quartz sand, thirty to sixty (30-60) parts of borax, and five (5) to ten (10) parts of lime. These are melted together, ground with water into a paste and the paste is distributed over the article in the usual manner; the article is then dried and introduced into a muf le, where the glaze is fused at the ordinary temperaturefabout 1000 to 1200 Fahrenheit. Previous to the application of the enamel paste to the iron, whether wrought or cast, the usual scouring is performed, for the well known purpose.
- the surface coating or that which affords the ornamental, spleckled appearance to the ware, is made in the following manner; a mixture of the following ingredients is produced, viz., feldspar, sixty parts; borax, thirty to thirty-five parts; cryolite, thirty parts; soda, ten to fifteen parts; saltpeter, five parts. This mixture is melted in a crucible and then thoroughly ground with water, clay being added if desirable, until it assumes the consistency of cream.
- this mixture is melted, cooled and ground, in the dry state, to a granular form of greater or less fineness, according to the size of the specks ultimately desired.
- the presence of the additional quantity of borax in the granular mass makes it more readily fusible than the mass prepared in the form of a paste; hence, when the two masses are combined and applied to the iron, dried and fused, notwithstanding that the second enamel is coarser in its nature than that to which it is added, a substantial uniformityin fusing is presented which affords in the finished product a perfectly smooth and even surface of enamel containing sharply contrasting specks in its body.
- borax other agents may be added to the mixture for the purpose of rendering the granular mass more easily fusible, such as any other fluxingagent; or the reverse operation may be performed, viz., to render the pasty mass less readily fusible in its character.
- This maybe done, among other ways, by increasing the proportion of feldspar, or by adding about ten parts of boneash, or by combining these proceedings, or by adding similar agents, but I intend by my claims to cover either of these methods of effecting the result desired, and while I prefer the formula first given, viz., that involving the addition of borax in greater quantity to the granular mixture, I do not confine my invention thereto.
- the quantity of added borax, or other ingredient for increasing fusibility may be reduced nearly, or quite, to the proportion provided in the paste; on the other hand, if a much coarser spot is desired the proportion of borax, or other similar ingredients, may be increased.
- speckled enameled iron-ware which consists in mixing two enamels having different fusibility and ground to different degrees of coarseness, applying them to the article, drying and fusing, substantially as described.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
CARL A. V. VOLLRATH, OF SHEBOYGAN, WISCONSIN.
PRODUCING ENAMELED IRON WARE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 488,683, dated December 27, 1892.
Application filed June 27, 1891- Serial No. 397.740. (N0 specimens.)
To all whom, iv may concern.-
Be it known that I, CARL A. W. VOLLRATH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Sheboygan, in the county of Sheboygan and State of Wisconsin, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Method of Producing Enameled Iron fare, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to an improvement in the process of making enameled iron-ware of the kind known as speckled or pepperedware. The characteristic of the Ware answering the above description is the presence throughoutthe enamel, and preferably as a constituent part thereof, of specks contrasting in color with the remainder of the enamel. The ware is distinguished from whatis known as mottled ware, such as granite or agate ware, in the fact that the contrasting specks are produced by the incorporation in the enamel coating of an agent which presents the contrasting color, whereas in the case of the mottled ware the specks or spots are not only generally of a larger and somewhat less defined character than those found in the speckledware, but are caused by the absorption into the glaze of oxide of iron formed upon the surface of the metal during the process of enameling.
The particular product to which my invention relatesis Very fully described in my pending application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 342,883, filed March 6, 1890, and a process fully capable, under proper manipulation, of making Ware presenting the general characteristics above described, is set forth in Letters Patent No. 415,485, granted to me November 19, 1889. Ihave found, however, that in order to obtain the best results in the matter of size and regularity of the spots and fin ish in the enamel, an improvementis possible in the composition of the enamel, not only as the same is set forth in my Letters Patent, above mentioned, but also that described in connection with my application for Letters Patent on the article of manufacture, now pending. I have found that to produce a perfect uniformity in the character of the enamel coating, the best result is obtained by making the contrastingly colored enamel, or that which produces the speck, of ingredients offering readier fusibility than those constituting the paste into which the contrasting enamel is introduced.
My invention, therefore, consists, broadly, in a process of making speckled enameled ware, which consists in preparing a paste from the desired ingredients and adding thereto a granular enamel, ground to a proper degreeof fineness and having a f usibility greater than that of paste, and thereupon applying the mixture to the article, and drying and fusing in the usual manner.
My invention consists further in the preferred composition which I employ for the best results.
I use the process with equal success in enameling wrought or cast-iron, but where castiron is enameled it is desirable to provide a ground coating, which is ordinarily unnecessary with wrought-iron. This ground mass may consist of the following ingredients; fifty parts of flint or quartz sand, thirty to sixty (30-60) parts of borax, and five (5) to ten (10) parts of lime. These are melted together, ground with water into a paste and the paste is distributed over the article in the usual manner; the article is then dried and introduced into a muf le, where the glaze is fused at the ordinary temperaturefabout 1000 to 1200 Fahrenheit. Previous to the application of the enamel paste to the iron, whether wrought or cast, the usual scouring is performed, for the well known purpose.
The surface coating, or that which affords the ornamental, spleckled appearance to the ware, is made in the following manner; a mixture of the following ingredients is produced, viz., feldspar, sixty parts; borax, thirty to thirty-five parts; cryolite, thirty parts; soda, ten to fifteen parts; saltpeter, five parts. This mixture is melted in a crucible and then thoroughly ground with water, clay being added if desirable, until it assumes the consistency of cream. Into the paste thus formed is introduced a separate mixture of the same ingredients in about the same proportion, except for the addition of about fifteen parts of borax to that already employed, and with the further addition of the coloring ingredient, such as any of the coloring oxidescobalt, for blue, manganese, for brown, &c.',in such proportion as may be necessary to get the tint or density of color desired in the specks; and
this mixture is melted, cooled and ground, in the dry state, to a granular form of greater or less fineness, according to the size of the specks ultimately desired. The presence of the additional quantity of borax in the granular mass makes it more readily fusible than the mass prepared in the form of a paste; hence, when the two masses are combined and applied to the iron, dried and fused, notwithstanding that the second enamel is coarser in its nature than that to which it is added, a substantial uniformityin fusing is presented which affords in the finished product a perfectly smooth and even surface of enamel containing sharply contrasting specks in its body.
Instead of borax other agents may be added to the mixture for the purpose of rendering the granular mass more easily fusible, such as any other fluxingagent; or the reverse operation may be performed, viz., to render the pasty mass less readily fusible in its character. This maybe done, among other ways, by increasing the proportion of feldspar, or by adding about ten parts of boneash, or by combining these proceedings, or by adding similar agents, but I intend by my claims to cover either of these methods of effecting the result desired, and while I prefer the formula first given, viz., that involving the addition of borax in greater quantity to the granular mixture, I do not confine my invention thereto. If it be desired that the specks shall have an especially minute dimension, the quantity of added borax, or other ingredient for increasing fusibility, may be reduced nearly, or quite, to the proportion provided in the paste; on the other hand, if a much coarser spot is desired the proportion of borax, or other similar ingredients, may be increased.
While I have described the mixing of the granular and pasty mixtures before applying to the iron, I have obtained good results by applying the paste first to the iron by dipping or floating, and thereupon sifting upon it the granular mixture of contrasting color, then drying and fusing. The advantage of this procedure is found in the possibility of varying the style or ornamentation, but it is a slower process than the other.
WVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is;
1. The process of producing speckled enameled iron-ware, which consists in mixing two enamels having different fusibility and ground to different degrees of coarseness, applying them to the article, drying and fusing, substantially as described.
2. The process of producing speckled enameled iron-ware, which consists in first preparing the enamel paste, adding thereto a granular enamel of contrasting color and fusible more readily than the enamel paste, applying the mixture to the article, drying and fusing, substantially as described.
3. The process of producing speckled castiron ware which consists in coating the iron CARL A. V. VOLLRATH.
In presence of JOHN R. RIESS, FELIX BENFEY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US488683A true US488683A (en) | 1892-12-27 |
Family
ID=2557529
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US488683D Expired - Lifetime US488683A (en) | Producing enameled iron ware |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US488683A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2587152A (en) * | 1949-01-07 | 1952-02-26 | Ceratile Corp | Method of decorating ceramic bodies |
US3058443A (en) * | 1958-06-09 | 1962-10-16 | Paton Erskine Norman | Machine for the electrostatic deposition of powders on heated surfaces |
US3279941A (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1966-10-18 | Corning Glass Works | Method of forming a moisture-collecting coating of porous glass |
-
0
- US US488683D patent/US488683A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2587152A (en) * | 1949-01-07 | 1952-02-26 | Ceratile Corp | Method of decorating ceramic bodies |
US3058443A (en) * | 1958-06-09 | 1962-10-16 | Paton Erskine Norman | Machine for the electrostatic deposition of powders on heated surfaces |
US3279941A (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1966-10-18 | Corning Glass Works | Method of forming a moisture-collecting coating of porous glass |
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