US4872749A - Lens for video terminal screen - Google Patents
Lens for video terminal screen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4872749A US4872749A US06/650,922 US65092284A US4872749A US 4872749 A US4872749 A US 4872749A US 65092284 A US65092284 A US 65092284A US 4872749 A US4872749 A US 4872749A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- image
- lens
- color
- recited
- phosphor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/89—Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined or co-operating with the vessel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/89—Optical components associated with the vessel
- H01J2229/893—Optical components associated with the vessel using lenses
Definitions
- an object of the present invention to provide a lens which reduces operator eye fatigue when a cathode ray tube is used in a piece of equipment, and which increases the contrast and the ability of the operator to read the image.
- a further object of the invention is the provision of a method for improving the visual comfort and perceived vision of a person viewing an image on a video display terminal.
- the invention consists of a lens, preferably a spectacle lens, which, when interposed between the screen of a CRT or VDT and the eye of a viewer, improves the visual comfort and perceived vision of the viewer.
- said lens is treated with a tint integrated with said lens to act on the image passing between the screen and the eye, the tint serving to reduce the intensity of the image reaching the eye and increasing the contrast between the various degrees of shades as perceived and recorded by the eye and the brain.
- said tint forms a filter which passes a color that is the complement of the color transmitted by the CRT screen and which, in effect, tends to particularly block the color transmitted by the screen.
- FIG. 1 is a brightness vs. intensity chart
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are C.I.E. Chromaticity Diagrams (color charts).
- the present invention is based upon the unexpected and surprising discovery that a lens tinted with a color complementary to that transmitted by a terminal screen (CRT or VDT) improves the visual comfort and perceived vision of a person viewing an image on said screen through such a lens.
- CTR or VDT terminal screen
- the use of a complementary color tint for such a lens improves the contrast of the screen display.
- color contrast is improved as well as brightness contrast by tailoring the spectral properties of the light transmitted by the lens to complement the color of the light emitted by the screen phosphor.
- a green image will appear against a background having a blue-red cast when viewed through a magenta lens.
- the tinted lens also reduces glare emanating from the terminal screen, as well as from other light sources.
- the transmittance of the lens should not be so low (i.e. not less than 65%), nor the color so saturated (i.e. not greater than 30%) as to cause significant or displeasing color distortion or visibility reduction when viewing the surrounding environment.
- a person viewing a terminal screen such as a cathode ray tube or video display terminal, observes the image on the screen through a lens (or lenses) which is interposed between the viewer's eyes and the screen.
- the lens may be made of conventional spectacle lens material, such as glass or plastic, particularly polymers of diethylene glycol bis (allyl-carbonate).
- the lens is particularly advantageous when placed close to the viewer's eyes, such as when incorporated in a pair of eyeglasses or the like.
- the image observed by the viewer i.e. the light from the screen
- the tint incorporated into the lens is magenta.
- the tint would be a sky-blue color to go with an amber image on the screen or a neutral grey color for use with a black-and-white visual image on the video display terminal.
- the terms "complement” and “complementary colors” are used. The simplest definition is that, when two colors can be added together to obtain white, they are called “complementary”. Examples are red/blue and yellow/violet.
- the complementary color to green is magneta. More precisely, colors may be defined by a point (x, y) on a standard C.I.E. Chromaticity Diagram, such as shown in FIG. 2. This drawing shows the diagram with the areas labeled according to their common usage of color designation. The point indicated by “C” represents white when the illuminant is average daylight, and is so-called “Illuminant C".
- any color with (x,y) chromaticity coordinates falling on a straight line through point C (or approximately through point C) and the image color coordinate and on the opposite side of point C may be said to be complementary.
- points G and M on line 21 would be considered complementary for purposes of this invention, as would points A and B on line 22.
- FIG. 3 the chromaticities of two phosphors P31 (green) and P27 (red-orange) that are known to be used for video display terminals are shown along with the chromaticities of a magenta (M) and a blue (B) tinted lens. It can be seen that, although it is not nearly as saturated, the magenta is opposite the P31 and the blue is roughly opposite the P27. A black and white display would, of course, be used with a grey lens which reduces the overall light intensity, but does not affect the color.
- M magenta
- B blue
- an ophthalmic lens can also produce spurious images by reflectances from the lens surface(s) of peripheral light sources, such as overhead lighting or window light, which are distracting and interfere with clear vision
- these "ghost" images are advantageously reduced by the use of an anti-reflective coating on the lens.
- such treatment also reduces "veiling glare", caused by light coming from behind the viewer or light reflected from the viewer's face or eyes, which creates an overall background light level super-imposed on the terminal display and interferes with clear vision.
- Lenses of the present invention may also be advantageously treated with an ultra-violet absorbing compound to filter out more than 90%, and preferably more than 99%, of the ultra-violet radiation between 300 nm and 400 nm. Infra-red absorbers and scratch resistant coatings may also be applied to the lenses.
- the present invention uses, therefore, a tinted lens which has been tinted to about 70-85% transmittance with a color complementary to the color of the image transmitted by the terminal screen.
- said lens has also been treated with an anti-reflective coating.
- the color of the tint is selected to be the complementary color to that of the light emitted by the phosphor of the terminal screen being viewed.
- a magenta (or minus green) tint is used for a green video display terminal.
- a blue tint is used for an amber display and a grey tint is used for a black-and-white display.
- the anti-reflective coating is such that the reflectance of a clear untinted lens would be reduced from 7.7% to around 3.0% or less (both surfaces included), and the transmittance increased from about 92% to about 95%. Ordinarily, a tinted lens will realize an increased transmittance of about 2 to 7%, and a decreased reflectance of about 2 to 7%.
- the anti-reflective coating is defined as any coating which reduces the average visual reflectance of an optical surface from it's normal uncoated value. Any conventional anti-reflective system may be employed, including a single layer magnesium fluoride coating on glass, bi-layer coatings for glass or plastic, and multilayer coatings. Preferably, the coating will be a bi-layer coating which has an additional thin third layer to promote adhesion between the plastic lens and the anti-reflective coating.
- the lenses of the present invention may be produced according to conventional tinting and coating techniques employed in the industry.
- the lens may be immersed in the tinting dye for approximately 20 seconds at a temperature of 210° F. to produce a tint having an average visual transmittance of about 75%.
- the lens may then be placed in a vacuum coating chamber where a two-layer, non-quarter-wave optical thickness, anti-reflective coating is applied. After coating, the average visual transmittance is approximately 80%.
- the lens may be edged to shape and inserted into an eyeglass frame in the normal manner.
- the color tint should be magenta.
- a tint may be obtained with a dye bath containing an equal mixture (about 100 ml each) of dye concentrates from Brain Power, Inc. (BPI) of Miami, FL of "AO Heather” and “AO Blueberry", in 1000 ml water, the immersion taking 20 seconds to reach 75% visual transmittance (VT).
- BPI Brain Power, Inc.
- AO Heather AO Blueberry
- VT visual transmittance
- the procedure is as described above except that the colorant dye used is BPI "Swiss Pastel Twilight Blue” and the time required to reach a 75% VT is typically one minute.
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/650,922 US4872749A (en) | 1984-09-14 | 1984-09-14 | Lens for video terminal screen |
CA489314A CA1268064C (en) | 1984-09-14 | 1985-08-23 | Lens for video terminal screen |
EP85306235A EP0179558A3 (en) | 1984-09-14 | 1985-09-03 | Filtering lens for video terminal screen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/650,922 US4872749A (en) | 1984-09-14 | 1984-09-14 | Lens for video terminal screen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4872749A true US4872749A (en) | 1989-10-10 |
Family
ID=24610848
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/650,922 Expired - Fee Related US4872749A (en) | 1984-09-14 | 1984-09-14 | Lens for video terminal screen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4872749A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0179558A3 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1268064C (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5592245A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1997-01-07 | Moore; J. Paul | Apparatus for enhancing visual perception of selected objects in recreational and sporting activities |
EP0956515A1 (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1999-11-17 | J. Paul Moore | Apparatus for enhancing visual perception of selected objects in recreational and sporting activities |
US6416178B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2002-07-09 | Eyecity.Com, Inc. | Color translucent eyewear lenses applied with antireflective (AR) coatings |
US6641261B2 (en) * | 2001-10-06 | 2003-11-04 | Stryker Corporation | Lens for vision enhancement |
US7313246B2 (en) | 2001-10-06 | 2007-12-25 | Stryker Corporation | Information system using eyewear for communication |
US20080284976A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2008-11-20 | Tokai Optical Co., Ltd. | Spectacle lens and spectacle |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3078343A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1963-02-19 | Siemens Ag | Television receiver comprising an optical filter |
DE2317642A1 (en) * | 1973-04-07 | 1974-10-17 | Licentia Gmbh | HIGH CONTRASTER FILTER FOR IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICES |
DE2445794A1 (en) * | 1974-09-25 | 1976-04-15 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Pseudo neutral density filter esp. for sunglasses - with fabry perot interference filter to give desired transmission characteristics |
US4049339A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1977-09-20 | Antoine Ledan | Movie viewing eyeglasses |
GB2055225A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-02-25 | Thomson Csf | Filter |
US4470673A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1984-09-11 | Foggles, Inc. | Eyewear with translucent superior field of view |
WO1985005701A1 (en) * | 1984-05-26 | 1985-12-19 | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock | Anti-glare spectacle lens for video-screen work |
-
1984
- 1984-09-14 US US06/650,922 patent/US4872749A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-08-23 CA CA489314A patent/CA1268064C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-09-03 EP EP85306235A patent/EP0179558A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3078343A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1963-02-19 | Siemens Ag | Television receiver comprising an optical filter |
DE2317642A1 (en) * | 1973-04-07 | 1974-10-17 | Licentia Gmbh | HIGH CONTRASTER FILTER FOR IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICES |
DE2445794A1 (en) * | 1974-09-25 | 1976-04-15 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Pseudo neutral density filter esp. for sunglasses - with fabry perot interference filter to give desired transmission characteristics |
US4049339A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1977-09-20 | Antoine Ledan | Movie viewing eyeglasses |
GB2055225A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-02-25 | Thomson Csf | Filter |
US4470673A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1984-09-11 | Foggles, Inc. | Eyewear with translucent superior field of view |
WO1985005701A1 (en) * | 1984-05-26 | 1985-12-19 | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock | Anti-glare spectacle lens for video-screen work |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
Coblentz et al, Spectral Transmissive Properties and Use of Colored Eye Protective Glasses, 6/1938. * |
Coblentz et al, Spectral-Transmissive Properties and Use of Colored Eye-Protective Glasses, 6/1938. |
Cornsweet, Visual Perception, pp. 249 254 and 332 339 (1970). * |
Cornsweet, Visual Perception, pp. 249-254 and 332-339 (1970). |
Murray et al, Potential Health Hazards of Video Display Terminals; Jun. 1981. * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5592245A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1997-01-07 | Moore; J. Paul | Apparatus for enhancing visual perception of selected objects in recreational and sporting activities |
EP0956515A1 (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1999-11-17 | J. Paul Moore | Apparatus for enhancing visual perception of selected objects in recreational and sporting activities |
EP0956515A4 (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 2000-05-03 | J Paul Moore | Apparatus for enhancing visual perception of selected objects in recreational and sporting activities |
US6416178B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2002-07-09 | Eyecity.Com, Inc. | Color translucent eyewear lenses applied with antireflective (AR) coatings |
US6641261B2 (en) * | 2001-10-06 | 2003-11-04 | Stryker Corporation | Lens for vision enhancement |
US7313246B2 (en) | 2001-10-06 | 2007-12-25 | Stryker Corporation | Information system using eyewear for communication |
US20080284976A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2008-11-20 | Tokai Optical Co., Ltd. | Spectacle lens and spectacle |
US7926939B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2011-04-19 | Tokai Optical Co., Ltd. | Spectacle lens and spectacle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1268064A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
EP0179558A3 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
EP0179558A2 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
CA1268064C (en) | 1990-04-25 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AMERICAN OPTICAL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:LUMMIS, DAVID J.;MASSO, JON D.;REEL/FRAME:004441/0358 Effective date: 19840917 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION, MASSACHUSET Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN OPTICAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:008209/0829 Effective date: 19961104 |
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FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:012075/0227 Effective date: 20010713 |
|
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20011010 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015293/0386 Effective date: 20040420 Owner name: DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH,NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015293/0386 Effective date: 20040420 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION,NORTH CAROLI Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH;REEL/FRAME:017626/0347 Effective date: 20060324 Owner name: CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION, NORTH CAROL Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH;REEL/FRAME:017626/0347 Effective date: 20060324 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION,NORTH CAROLI Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH;REEL/FRAME:017663/0508 Effective date: 20060324 Owner name: CABOT SAFETY INTERMEDIATE CORPORATION, NORTH CAROL Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH;REEL/FRAME:017663/0508 Effective date: 20060324 |