US4860859A - Brake device - Google Patents

Brake device Download PDF

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Publication number
US4860859A
US4860859A US07/183,008 US18300888A US4860859A US 4860859 A US4860859 A US 4860859A US 18300888 A US18300888 A US 18300888A US 4860859 A US4860859 A US 4860859A
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United States
Prior art keywords
brake device
torque
converting
ultrasonic motor
speed reducing
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US07/183,008
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Kouhei Yamatoh
Masami Ogura
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Assigned to HONDA GIKEN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment HONDA GIKEN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: OGURA, MASAMI, YAMATOH, KOUHEI
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255—Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B60T8/326—Hydraulic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/369—Valves using piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/42—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition having expanding chambers for controlling pressure, i.e. closed systems
    • B60T8/4208—Debooster systems
    • B60T8/4266—Debooster systems having an electro-mechanically actuated expansion unit, e.g. solenoid, electric motor, piezo stack
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/54—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F16D51/16—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis
    • F16D51/18—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes
    • F16D51/20—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes extending in opposite directions from their pivots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
    • F16D65/56—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
    • F16D65/561—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting within the confines of a drum brake
    • F16D65/565—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting within the confines of a drum brake arranged diametrically opposite to service brake actuator, and subjected to service brake force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/28—Electric or magnetic using electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements, e.g. piezoelectric elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
    • F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
    • F16D2125/50—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel non-stationary axes, e.g. planetary gearing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brake device having an electric motor employed as a drive source for pressing a friction member against a member to be braked, thereby producing a braking force.
  • an electric brake device having a wound-rotor type motor used as a drive source for braking automobiles has been proposed.
  • the wound-rotor type motor used had to be large in size and heavy in weight. Therefore, the electric brake device presents an installation problem and poses a disadvantage with respect to the battery power supply owing to its large power consumption.
  • a brake device driven by an electric motor suitable for use in an automobile and, in particular, a brake device that is small in size, light in weight, and capable of producing necessary and sufficient braking forces with only a small power consumption.
  • a brake device comprising an ultrasonic motor having a stator, a rotor and a piezoelectric vibrator mounted on said stator to produce an elastic travelling wave to rotate said rotor, and torque converting means for converting a rotating torque produced by said ultrasonic motor, through a speed reducing gearing for increasing a torque and/or a linear converting mechanism for converting a rotating torque to a linear propulsion force, into a pressing force for pressing a friction member against a member to be braked, said pressing force being transmitted to said friction member.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a brake device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a brake device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a drum brake in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention which is applied to a disc-type brake device which includes a brake pad 2 arranged at one side of a disc rotor 1 of an automobile wheel and a brake pad 3 mounted on a caliper 4, so that the disc rotor 1 is sandwiched between the brake pads 2 and 3 and the brake pad 2 is pressed against one side of the disc rotor to produce braking action.
  • An ultrasonic motor 5 is mounted on the caliper 4.
  • the untrasonic motor 5 comprises a rotor and a stator having a piezoelectric vibrator mounted thereon. The rotor is driven by an elastic traveling wave generted from the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the ultrasonic motor hs output shaft 6, the rotating speed of which is reduced by a planetary gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque and then the rotation of the output shaft 6 is transmitted to a linear converter mechanism 8 by which the rotation is converted into a linear movement that presses a pressure plate 9 on which the brake pad 2 is mounted against the disc rotor 1.
  • the planetary gear mechanism 7 comprises a first sun gear 71 mounted on the output shaft 6, a planet gear 72 disposed between and meshing with the sun gear 71 and an internal gear 73 attached to the caliper 4, a second sun gear 75 mounted on the planet gear 72 by a planet carrier 74, a planet gear 76 disposed between and meshing with the second sun gear 75 and the internal gear 73, and a coupling gear 78 mounted on the planet gear 76 by a planet carrier 77.
  • the linear converter mechanism 8 comprises a hollow ball nut 81 rotatably mounted in the caliper 4 by bearings 28, 29, and a ball screw 82 threadedly engaged in the ball nut 81 with balls 83 therebetween and axially movable in response to rotation of the ball nut 81.
  • the ball nut 81 has a gear 84 formed on one end thereof which is held in mesh with a coupling gear 78 of the planetary gear mechanism 7, so that the rotation of the planetary gear mechanism 7 can be transmitted to the ball nut 81.
  • the pressure plate 9 is fixed to the ball screw 82.
  • a controller 10 reads a signal from a potentiometer 12 which is indicative of the amount of depression of a brake pedal 11. The controller 10 then applies a motor drive voltage controlled to produce a torque dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11 to the ultrasonic motor 5. Denoted at 13 is a power supply.
  • the ultrasonic motor 5 is energized under the control of the controller 10 dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11.
  • the speed of rotation of the output shaft 6 is reduced by the planetry gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque.
  • the rotation form the output shaft 6 is converted by the linear converter mechanism 8 into a linear movement that causes the pressure plate 9 to press the brake pad 2 against the disc rotor 1.
  • the disc rotor 1 is clamped between the brake pads 2, 3 to produce braking forces commensurate with the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention which is applied to a drum-type brake device.
  • the brake device includes an ultrasonic motor 5 mounted on a back plate 14.
  • the ultrasonic motor 5 has an output shaft 6, the rotating speed of which is reduced by a planetary gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque.
  • the rotation is then transmitted through a rotatable shaft 15 coupled to splines 79 on the output member of the planetary gear mechanism 7 to rotate an eccentric camshaft 18 which spreads out lining plates 17 in a drum brake 16 (FIG. 3).
  • the lining plates 17 have rollers 30 engaging a cam 19 of the eccentric camshaft 18 so that the lining plates 17 can easly be spread outwardly by the cam 19.
  • the planetary gear mechanism 7 if of substantially the same structure as that of the planetary mechanism shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, identical parts of the planetary gear mechanism 7 are denoted by identical reference numerals in FIG. 1.
  • the ultrasonic motor 5 is energized under the control of the controller 10 dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11.
  • the speed of rotation of the output shaft 6 is reduced by the planetary gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque.
  • the rotation causes the shaft 15 to rotate the eccentric camshaft 18 through a predetermined angle, whereupon the cam 19 spreads the lining plates 17 outwardly to press linings 20 against a drum surface 21, thereby generating braking forces commensurate with the amount of depression off the brake pedal 11.
  • the drum brake 16 shown in FIG. 3 has an automatic adjuster for keeping the clearance between the linings 20 and the drum surface 21 at a constant level as the linings 20 are worn.
  • Denoted at 22 is such an adjuster, 23 an anchor pin, 24 return springs for the lining plates 17, 25 an overload spring, and 26 a strut.
  • the brake device of the present invention employs an ultrasonic motor 5 as a drive source for effecting braking operation. Since the moment of inertia of the rotor of the ultrasonic motor 5 is small, highly accurate braking forces can be produced which are highly responsive to the depression of the brake pedal 11, with the output torque being precisely controlled dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11.
  • the ultrasonic motor 5 itself, serving as drive source for generating necessary and sufficient braking torque, is smaller and lighter than the ordinary wound-rotor type motor, and can appropriately be installed in position.
  • the ultrasonic motor can produce a large braking torque with a small power consumption, and hence is advantageous for use with a battery power supply.
  • the ultrasonic motor 5 When the ultrasonic motor 5 is de-energized it produces a large retentive torque, preventing the output shaft from becoming free as is the case with the ordinary wound-rotor type motor. It is thus possible to arrange the brake device to provide a parking brake function when the power supply is cut off.
  • the speed of rotation of the disc rotor 1 may be detected by a rotation sensor, and the speed of travel of the automobile is detected by a speed sensor.
  • the controler 16 may read output signals from thses sensors, respectively, and determines a slip rate of th automobile according to a predetermined formula. If the determined slip rate is higher than preset threshold, then the controller 10 may determine that the automobile is skidding. In this manner, an anti-lock braking capability may be provided for turning on and off the ultrasonic motor 5 to effect pumping brake action under the control of the controller 10.
  • the brake device of the invention employs an ultrasonic motor as a brake drive source, and the torque of the ultrasonic motor is effectively converted.
  • the brake device as a whole is small in size and light in weight, and can procduce necessary and sufficient braking forces with a small power consumption.
  • the brake device is also capable of well controllable and highly responsive braking control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

A brake device comprising an ultrasonic motor having a rotor rotatable by an elastic traveling wave generated by a piezoelectric vibrator on a stator of the motor, and torque converting means for converting a rotating torque produced by said ultrasonic motor into a pressing force for pressing a friction member against a member to be braked, which pressing force is transmitted to said friction member.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a brake device having an electric motor employed as a drive source for pressing a friction member against a member to be braked, thereby producing a braking force.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, an electric brake device having a wound-rotor type motor used as a drive source for braking automobiles has been proposed. In such an electric brake device, in order to obtain a necessary and sufficient braking torque, the wound-rotor type motor used had to be large in size and heavy in weight. Therefore, the electric brake device presents an installation problem and poses a disadvantage with respect to the battery power supply owing to its large power consumption.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above difficulties, it is an object of the present invention to provide a brake device driven by an electric motor suitable for use in an automobile and, in particular, a brake device that is small in size, light in weight, and capable of producing necessary and sufficient braking forces with only a small power consumption.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
With the object as described above, there is provided in accordance with the present invention a brake device comprising an ultrasonic motor having a stator, a rotor and a piezoelectric vibrator mounted on said stator to produce an elastic travelling wave to rotate said rotor, and torque converting means for converting a rotating torque produced by said ultrasonic motor, through a speed reducing gearing for increasing a torque and/or a linear converting mechanism for converting a rotating torque to a linear propulsion force, into a pressing force for pressing a friction member against a member to be braked, said pressing force being transmitted to said friction member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a brake device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a brake device according to another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a drum brake in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERED EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention which is applied to a disc-type brake device which includes a brake pad 2 arranged at one side of a disc rotor 1 of an automobile wheel and a brake pad 3 mounted on a caliper 4, so that the disc rotor 1 is sandwiched between the brake pads 2 and 3 and the brake pad 2 is pressed against one side of the disc rotor to produce braking action. An ultrasonic motor 5 is mounted on the caliper 4. The untrasonic motor 5 comprises a rotor and a stator having a piezoelectric vibrator mounted thereon. The rotor is driven by an elastic traveling wave generted from the piezoelectric vibrator. The ultrasonic motor hs output shaft 6, the rotating speed of which is reduced by a planetary gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque and then the rotation of the output shaft 6 is transmitted to a linear converter mechanism 8 by which the rotation is converted into a linear movement that presses a pressure plate 9 on which the brake pad 2 is mounted against the disc rotor 1.
The planetary gear mechanism 7 comprises a first sun gear 71 mounted on the output shaft 6, a planet gear 72 disposed between and meshing with the sun gear 71 and an internal gear 73 attached to the caliper 4, a second sun gear 75 mounted on the planet gear 72 by a planet carrier 74, a planet gear 76 disposed between and meshing with the second sun gear 75 and the internal gear 73, and a coupling gear 78 mounted on the planet gear 76 by a planet carrier 77.
The linear converter mechanism 8 comprises a hollow ball nut 81 rotatably mounted in the caliper 4 by bearings 28, 29, and a ball screw 82 threadedly engaged in the ball nut 81 with balls 83 therebetween and axially movable in response to rotation of the ball nut 81. The ball nut 81 has a gear 84 formed on one end thereof which is held in mesh with a coupling gear 78 of the planetary gear mechanism 7, so that the rotation of the planetary gear mechanism 7 can be transmitted to the ball nut 81. The pressure plate 9 is fixed to the ball screw 82.
A controller 10 reads a signal from a potentiometer 12 which is indicative of the amount of depression of a brake pedal 11. The controller 10 then applies a motor drive voltage controlled to produce a torque dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11 to the ultrasonic motor 5. Denoted at 13 is a power supply.
In operation, when the brake pedal 11 is depressed, the ultrasonic motor 5 is energized under the control of the controller 10 dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11. The speed of rotation of the output shaft 6 is reduced by the planetry gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque. Then, the rotation form the output shaft 6 is converted by the linear converter mechanism 8 into a linear movement that causes the pressure plate 9 to press the brake pad 2 against the disc rotor 1. The disc rotor 1 is clamped between the brake pads 2, 3 to produce braking forces commensurate with the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11.
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention which is applied to a drum-type brake device. The brake device includes an ultrasonic motor 5 mounted on a back plate 14. The ultrasonic motor 5 has an output shaft 6, the rotating speed of which is reduced by a planetary gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque. The rotation is then transmitted through a rotatable shaft 15 coupled to splines 79 on the output member of the planetary gear mechanism 7 to rotate an eccentric camshaft 18 which spreads out lining plates 17 in a drum brake 16 (FIG. 3). The lining plates 17 have rollers 30 engaging a cam 19 of the eccentric camshaft 18 so that the lining plates 17 can easly be spread outwardly by the cam 19. The planetary gear mechanism 7 if of substantially the same structure as that of the planetary mechanism shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, identical parts of the planetary gear mechanism 7 are denoted by identical reference numerals in FIG. 1.
In operation of the brake device of FIGS. 2 and 3, when the brake pedal 11 is depressed, the ultrasonic motor 5 is energized under the control of the controller 10 dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11. The speed of rotation of the output shaft 6 is reduced by the planetary gear mechanism 7 for an increased torque. Then, the rotation causes the shaft 15 to rotate the eccentric camshaft 18 through a predetermined angle, whereupon the cam 19 spreads the lining plates 17 outwardly to press linings 20 against a drum surface 21, thereby generating braking forces commensurate with the amount of depression off the brake pedal 11. The drum brake 16 shown in FIG. 3 has an automatic adjuster for keeping the clearance between the linings 20 and the drum surface 21 at a constant level as the linings 20 are worn. Denoted at 22 is such an adjuster, 23 an anchor pin, 24 return springs for the lining plates 17, 25 an overload spring, and 26 a strut.
As descrived above, the brake device of the present invention employs an ultrasonic motor 5 as a drive source for effecting braking operation. since the moment of inertia of the rotor of the ultrasonic motor 5 is small, highly accurate braking forces can be produced which are highly responsive to the depression of the brake pedal 11, with the output torque being precisely controlled dependent on the amount of depression of the brake pedal 11.
The ultrasonic motor 5 itself, serving as drive source for generating necessary and sufficient braking torque, is smaller and lighter than the ordinary wound-rotor type motor, and can appropriately be installed in position. The ultrasonic motor can produce a large braking torque with a small power consumption, and hence is advantageous for use with a battery power supply.
When the ultrasonic motor 5 is de-energized it produces a large retentive torque, preventing the output shaft from becoming free as is the case with the ordinary wound-rotor type motor. It is thus possible to arrange the brake device to provide a parking brake function when the power supply is cut off.
Although not shown, the speed of rotation of the disc rotor 1 may be detected by a rotation sensor, and the speed of travel of the automobile is detected by a speed sensor. The controler 16 may read output signals from thses sensors, respectively, and determines a slip rate of th automobile according to a predetermined formula. If the determined slip rate is higher than preset threshold, then the controller 10 may determine that the automobile is skidding. In this manner, an anti-lock braking capability may be provided for turning on and off the ultrasonic motor 5 to effect pumping brake action under the control of the controller 10.
It will be understood that the brake device of the invention employs an ultrasonic motor as a brake drive source, and the torque of the ultrasonic motor is effectively converted. The brake device as a whole is small in size and light in weight, and can procduce necessary and sufficient braking forces with a small power consumption. The brake device is also capable of well controllable and highly responsive braking control.

Claims (9)

We claim:
1. A brake device arranged to press a friction member against a member to be braked, thereby applying a braking action to said member to be braked, said brake device comprising;
an ultrasonic motor including a stator, a rotor and a piezoelectric vibrator mounted on the stator to generate an elastic travelling wave to drive said rotor; and
torque converting means for converting a rotating torque produced by said ultrasonic motor into a pressing force for pressing the friction member against the member to be braked, said pressing force being transmitted to said friction member.
2. A brake device according to claim 1, in which said torque converting means includes a speed reducing gearing for increasing the rotating torque produced by the motor and a linear converting the increased rotating torque to a linear propulsion force, which is used to press a brake pad against a disk rotor of a disk-type brake device.
3. A brake device according to claim 1 in which said torque converting means includes a speed reducing gearing for increasing the rotating torque produced by the motor and an eccentric camshaft driven by the increased rotating torque of the speed reducing gearing, said eccentric camshaft having a cam thereon which is arranged to spread out lining plates of a drum-type brake device.
4. A brake device comprising:
an ultrasonic motor including a stator having a pieozelectric vibrator mounted thereon and a rotor driven by an elastic traveling wave generated from said piezoelectric vibrator;
torque converting means having a speed reducing gearing for increasing a torque, in which a rotating torque produced by said ultrasonic motor is converted by said torque converting means into a pressing force for pressing a friction member against a member to be braked, said pressing force being transmitted to said friction member.
5. A brake device according to claim 4, in which said torque converting means includes a linear converting mechanism for converting the rotating torque increased by said speed reducing gearing into a linear propulsion force, and the linear propulsion force produced by the linear converting mechanism is used to press a brake pad of a disk-type brake device against a disk rotor.
6. A brake device according to claim 4, in which said torque converting means includes an eccentric camshaft arranged to be rotated by the rotating torque which is increased by the speed reducing gearing, and a cam of said camshaft is used to expand a lining plate of a drum-type brake device.
7. A brake device according to claim 5 or 6, in which the speed reducing gearing is planetary gear mechanism.
8. A brake device according to claim 5, in which said linear converting mechanism includes a hollow ball nut rotatably mounted in a caliper of the brake device by means of a bearing and a ball screw threadedly engaged in said ball nut for axial movement by rotation of said ball nut.
9. A brake device according to claim 1, 4, 5, 6 or 8 including means for detecting an amount of depression of a brake pedal to produce a signal indicating the amount of depression, and a controller for controlling the ultrasonic motor to produce a braking force dependent upon the amount of depression of the brake pedal in accordance with said signal.
US07/183,008 1987-04-17 1988-04-18 Brake device Expired - Lifetime US4860859A (en)

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JP62094929A JPS63266228A (en) 1987-04-17 1987-04-17 Brake device
JP62-094929 1987-04-17

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US6059076A (en) * 1997-06-16 2000-05-09 Deutsches Zentrum Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Drive for an electrically actuatable vehicle brake
US6089359A (en) * 1997-11-17 2000-07-18 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Hydraulic control device and brake device using same
US6139460A (en) * 1999-05-24 2000-10-31 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electric caliper
US6158557A (en) * 1997-07-23 2000-12-12 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Roller spindle assembly and brake actuator incorporating the same
US6290030B1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-18 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Electromagnetic antilock brake system
US6412610B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2002-07-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electric brake caliper
US6691837B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2004-02-17 Skf Engineering & Research Centre B.V. Screw actuator with lubricant dosing, and brake calliper
US6742632B2 (en) * 1998-12-01 2004-06-01 Lucas Industries Plc Apparatus with vibration-damped component, especially a brake
US20040192485A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-09-30 Lars Severinsson Planetary gear unit
US8887878B2 (en) 2010-08-04 2014-11-18 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Variable position anchor assembly for adjusting brake shoes in a drum brake
US10233987B2 (en) * 2016-12-09 2019-03-19 Hyundai Motor Company Ball screw-type electro-mechanical brake
US10337575B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2019-07-02 Hyundai Motor Company Ball screw type electromechanical brake
US20190234474A1 (en) * 2016-05-26 2019-08-01 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Electric Actuator for S-Cam Brake
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US5107967A (en) * 1989-07-06 1992-04-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Motor disc brake system
US4995483A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-02-26 Aircraft Braking Systems Corporation Motor position feedback controlled electrically actuated aircraft brake
US5090518A (en) * 1990-05-31 1992-02-25 General Motors Corporation Brake control system
US5769189A (en) * 1995-03-03 1998-06-23 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Automotive parking brake and parking brake system for motor vehicles
US5915504A (en) * 1996-07-24 1999-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brake system for a motor vehicle
US5957246A (en) * 1996-12-26 1999-09-28 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Electric brake including a pad clearance adjusting mechanism and a method for adjusting the pad clearance of the same
US6059076A (en) * 1997-06-16 2000-05-09 Deutsches Zentrum Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Drive for an electrically actuatable vehicle brake
US6158557A (en) * 1997-07-23 2000-12-12 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Roller spindle assembly and brake actuator incorporating the same
US6089359A (en) * 1997-11-17 2000-07-18 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Hydraulic control device and brake device using same
US6691837B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2004-02-17 Skf Engineering & Research Centre B.V. Screw actuator with lubricant dosing, and brake calliper
US6742632B2 (en) * 1998-12-01 2004-06-01 Lucas Industries Plc Apparatus with vibration-damped component, especially a brake
US6139460A (en) * 1999-05-24 2000-10-31 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electric caliper
US6412610B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2002-07-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electric brake caliper
US6290030B1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-18 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Electromagnetic antilock brake system
US20040192485A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-09-30 Lars Severinsson Planetary gear unit
US6878089B2 (en) * 2001-06-06 2005-04-12 Haldex Brake Products Ab Planetary gear unit
US8887878B2 (en) 2010-08-04 2014-11-18 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Variable position anchor assembly for adjusting brake shoes in a drum brake
US11420604B2 (en) 2014-05-14 2022-08-23 Ntn Corporation Electric brake device
US20190234474A1 (en) * 2016-05-26 2019-08-01 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Electric Actuator for S-Cam Brake
US10337575B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2019-07-02 Hyundai Motor Company Ball screw type electromechanical brake
US10233987B2 (en) * 2016-12-09 2019-03-19 Hyundai Motor Company Ball screw-type electro-mechanical brake

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1319330C (en) 1993-06-22
EP0296703B1 (en) 1991-09-18
JPS63266228A (en) 1988-11-02
DE3864918D1 (en) 1991-10-24
EP0296703A1 (en) 1988-12-28

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