US4820456A - Mass-transfer apparatus - Google Patents

Mass-transfer apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US4820456A
US4820456A US07/171,001 US17100188A US4820456A US 4820456 A US4820456 A US 4820456A US 17100188 A US17100188 A US 17100188A US 4820456 A US4820456 A US 4820456A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
froth
retainer
mass
tray
bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/171,001
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English (en)
Inventor
Viktor M. Kiselev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ukrainsky Nauchno-Issle Institut Prirodnykh Gazov "ukrniigaz"
Original Assignee
Ukrainsky Nauchno-Issle Institut Prirodnykh Gazov "ukrniigaz"
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Filing date
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Application filed by Ukrainsky Nauchno-Issle Institut Prirodnykh Gazov "ukrniigaz" filed Critical Ukrainsky Nauchno-Issle Institut Prirodnykh Gazov "ukrniigaz"
Assigned to UKRAINSKY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY INSTITUT PRIRODNYKH GAZOV "UKRNIIGAZ", USSR, KHARKOV reassignment UKRAINSKY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY INSTITUT PRIRODNYKH GAZOV "UKRNIIGAZ", USSR, KHARKOV ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KISELEV, VIKTOR M.
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour through foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/16—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
    • B01D3/22—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal sieve plates or grids; Construction of sieve plates or grids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32206—Flat sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
    • B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
    • B01J2219/32244—Essentially circular apertures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32286—Grids or lattices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to chemical and petroleum engineering and has specific reference to mass-transfer apparatus.
  • a liquid fed from the sprayer forms a layer of mobile froth on the tray to absorb certain gases or dust from the bulk gas flow.
  • a mass-transfer apparatus which, in addition to heat and mass transfer, can cope also with wet scrubbing of gases (cf. USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 434.969, Int. Cl.B01 d 47/04).
  • the case of the known apparatus contains perforated trays each whereof is fitted with a contiguous froth retainer in the form of a grid made up of upright bars. The height of every bar is 0.2 to 0.6 times the thickness of the froth layer, and the net cross-sectional area of a grid is at least 0.8 time the net cross-sectional area of the apparatus. Perforations are provided in some of the bars of the froth retainer, next to the surface of the tray.
  • the main purpose the froth retainer is to set up on the tray a thick and homogenous layer of froth with fine cellular structure and to provide for a continuous flow of the phases at their interface without apparent fluctuations.
  • the froth retainer eliminate turbulence and, consequently, increase the capacity of the apparatus.
  • the essence of the invention consists in that in a mass-transfer apparatus in the case whereof there are contained at least one horizontal perforated tray and a froth retainer in the form of a grid made up of upright bars which are fitted directly to the tray and form interconnected cells, according to the invention, the lower portions of the bars of the froth retainer are made solid and the cells of the grid communicate with one another by way of perforations in the upper portions of the bars of the froth retainer.
  • the ratio of the total net area of the perforations in the froth retainer and that of the perforations in the tray be 1.2-3.0.
  • the froth retainer can extend over the entire distance separating two adjacent trays. In large-diameter apparatus, it is practical that the height of the froth retainer is somewhat smaller than the distance between the trays. An unobstructed space so formed permits a redistribution of the gas (vapour) flow to take place before the gas reaches the above-lying tray.
  • the perforated baffle plates have a better showing than solid ones in suppressing the splashing and keeping up the froth in the cells. Their performance permits the flow rate of gas or vapour to be increased in the apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is an axonometric view of a froth retainer
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation of a cell of a froth retainer showing a cruciform baffle plate at the top and two diagonal baffle plates below it;
  • FIG. 4 is a section on line IV--IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an axonometric view of a diagonally-arranged cruciform baffle plate in a cell
  • FIG. 6 is an axonometric view of two diagonal baffle plates located a distance apart.
  • a length C of a side of the square cell 9 is 0.08-0.25 time a height B of the cell side.
  • FIG. 2 which is an axonometric view of a froth retainer 7, the cells 9 thereof communicate with one another via perforations 10 provided at the top of the bars 8, whereas the lower portions of the bars 8 (FIG. 3) are made solid.
  • a height F of the solid portion of every bar 8 is 0.1-0.5 of the height B of the bar 8.
  • the baffle plates (12, 13) may be perforated.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a version of the cruciform baffle plate 11 the bars 12, 13 whereof are secured parallel with the bars 8 (FIG. 1) of the froth retainer 7.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates diagonal baffle plates 14, 15 which are located in the cell 9 (shown in light lines) of the froth retainer 7 out of contact with one another.
  • diagonal baffle plates located in contact with one another provide a possible alternative.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a version of a cruciform baffle plate 6 with diagonal bars 17, 18 located inside a cell 9 (FIG. 1) of the froth retainer 7 shown in light lines.
  • the mass-transfer apparatus of the invention operates as follows.
  • the diagonal or cruciform baffle plates provided inside the cells of the froth retainer control the turbulence at the centres of the cells, which gives rise to splashing, and promote the stability of the layer of froth.
  • Perforated baffle plates are particularly effective in this respect, retaining and redistributing the froth in a better way than their solid counterparts.
  • the apparatus with perforated diagonal or cruciform baffle plates in the cells of the froth retainer operate at a maximum gas (vapour) flow rate which cannot be achieved in mass-transfer apparatus featuring froth retainers of any other design.
  • the disclosed mass-transfer apparatus provides solution to the problem of increasing 1.5 to 2 times the capacity of absorption and desorption plants, fractionation units and gas scrubbing equipment.
  • the present invention is conducive to increasing the capacity of the mass-transfer column, which is the key item of a mass-transfer installation, and paves the way to developing compact plants with a large capacity per unit volume.
  • the invention can be used to advantage in the chemical, petrochemical, food, oil and gas industries to cope with mass-transfer processes.
  • a preferred field of its application comprises deethanizers and stabilizers for processing condensate, high-pressure absorbers for treating natural gas, fractination columns used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, cryogenic air-separation plants and gas scrubbers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
US07/171,001 1986-05-29 1986-05-29 Mass-transfer apparatus Expired - Fee Related US4820456A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SU1986/000050 WO1987007174A1 (fr) 1986-05-29 1986-05-29 Appareil d'echange massique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4820456A true US4820456A (en) 1989-04-11

Family

ID=21617001

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/171,001 Expired - Fee Related US4820456A (en) 1986-05-29 1986-05-29 Mass-transfer apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4820456A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
EP (1) EP0267961A4 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS63503522A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FI (1) FI880396L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
WO (1) WO1987007174A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992013620A1 (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-08-20 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta An active liquid distributor containing packed column
US5246471A (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-09-21 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for gas liquid contact
US5547617A (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-08-20 Glitsch, Inc. Apparatus for increasing effective active area
US5702647A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-12-30 Koch Enterprises, Inc. Multiple downcomer high performance tray assembly
DE19929407C1 (de) * 1999-06-26 2001-01-18 Informations Und Prozestechnik Stoffaustauschapparat
US6293528B1 (en) * 1998-04-23 2001-09-25 Uop Llc Fractionation apparatus with low surface area grid above tray deck
RU2297266C2 (ru) * 2005-03-11 2007-04-20 Генрих Карлович Зиберт Колонный массообменный аппарат
US20090309245A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Johnson Ronald B Wet scrubber tray
WO2010006848A1 (de) * 2008-07-17 2010-01-21 Ae&E Austria Gmbh & Co Kg Anlage und verfahren zur absorption von schadstoffen in gasen
US9120033B2 (en) * 2013-06-12 2015-09-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multi-stage bubble column humidifier
US20160082364A1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-24 IFP Energies Nouvelles Compact distributor tray for offshore gas/liquid contact columns
US9364771B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2016-06-14 Gradiant Corporation Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
US10143935B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2018-12-04 Gradiant Corporation Systems including an apparatus comprising both a humidification region and a dehumidification region
US10143936B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2018-12-04 Gradiant Corporation Systems including an apparatus comprising both a humidification region and a dehumidification region with heat recovery and/or intermediate injection
US10294123B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2019-05-21 Gradiant Corporation Humidification-dehumidification systems and methods at low top brine temperatures
PL126958U1 (pl) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-29 Losentech Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Półka antypienna kolumny barbotażowej
US10463985B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2019-11-05 Gradiant Corporation Mobile humidification-dehumidification desalination systems and methods
US10513445B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2019-12-24 Gradiant Corporation Control system and method for multiple parallel desalination systems
US10981082B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2021-04-20 Gradiant Corporation Humidification-dehumidification desalination systems and methods
US11534699B2 (en) * 2017-12-19 2022-12-27 IFP Energies Nouvelles Distributor tray with compartments and gas risers of the same shape for an offshore gas/liquid contact column
US12023608B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2024-07-02 Gradiant Corporation Hybrid desalination systems and associated methods

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0606964B1 (en) * 1993-01-13 1998-04-01 The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Apparatus for gas-liquid contact
IT1399757B1 (it) * 2010-04-30 2013-05-03 Saipem Spa Reattore per la conduzione di reazioni bifasiche gas-liquido

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SU303978A1 (ru) * Л. И. Тительман, Н. Н. Драчева, Дин Вэй, В. В. Дильман, Ю. В. Аксельрод , А. Л. Лашаков Щелевая тарелка
US2875993A (en) * 1956-02-06 1959-03-03 John P Marcy Multi-contact fractionation tray
US2926754A (en) * 1956-02-29 1960-03-01 Edw G Ragatz Co Method for improved mechanical effectiveness and efficiency of component interchangeon a vapor liquid contacting tray
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Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992013620A1 (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-08-20 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta An active liquid distributor containing packed column
US5387377A (en) * 1991-02-05 1995-02-07 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Active liquid distributor containing packed column
US5246471A (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-09-21 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for gas liquid contact
US5547617A (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-08-20 Glitsch, Inc. Apparatus for increasing effective active area
US5702647A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-12-30 Koch Enterprises, Inc. Multiple downcomer high performance tray assembly
US6293528B1 (en) * 1998-04-23 2001-09-25 Uop Llc Fractionation apparatus with low surface area grid above tray deck
DE19929407C1 (de) * 1999-06-26 2001-01-18 Informations Und Prozestechnik Stoffaustauschapparat
RU2297266C2 (ru) * 2005-03-11 2007-04-20 Генрих Карлович Зиберт Колонный массообменный аппарат
US20090309245A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Johnson Ronald B Wet scrubber tray
US8413967B2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2013-04-09 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Wet scrubber tray
US20130264725A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2013-10-10 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Wet scrubber tray
US8777190B2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2014-07-15 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Wet scrubber tray
WO2010006848A1 (de) * 2008-07-17 2010-01-21 Ae&E Austria Gmbh & Co Kg Anlage und verfahren zur absorption von schadstoffen in gasen
CN102099093A (zh) * 2008-07-17 2011-06-15 Ae及E奥地利有限责任两合公司 用于吸收气体中有害物质的设备和方法
KR101336874B1 (ko) * 2008-07-17 2013-12-04 안드리츠 에너지 앤드 인바이런먼트 게엠베하 가스 내의 오염물의 흡수를 위한 시스템 및 방법
RU2514957C2 (ru) * 2008-07-17 2014-05-10 Андритц Энерджи энд Энвайронмент ГмбХ Установка и способ поглощения вредных веществ из газов
CN102099093B (zh) * 2008-07-17 2016-05-04 安德里茨能源与环境有限公司 用于吸收气体中有害物质的设备和方法
US9120033B2 (en) * 2013-06-12 2015-09-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multi-stage bubble column humidifier
CN105407994A (zh) * 2013-06-12 2016-03-16 麻省理工学院 多级鼓泡塔增湿器
US9790102B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2017-10-17 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multi-stage bubble column humidifier
CN105407994B (zh) * 2013-06-12 2018-01-26 麻省理工学院 多级鼓泡塔增湿器
US11161755B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2021-11-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multi-stage bubble column humidification and dehumidification
US10053373B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2018-08-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multi-stage bubble column humidification and dehumidification
US10286335B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2019-05-14 Gradiant Corporation Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
US9364771B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2016-06-14 Gradiant Corporation Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
US9468864B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2016-10-18 Gradiant Corporation Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
US9700811B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2017-07-11 Gradiant Corporation Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
US20160082364A1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-24 IFP Energies Nouvelles Compact distributor tray for offshore gas/liquid contact columns
US9943776B2 (en) * 2014-09-24 2018-04-17 IFP Energies Nouvelles Compact distributor tray for offshore gas/liquid contact columns
US10143936B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2018-12-04 Gradiant Corporation Systems including an apparatus comprising both a humidification region and a dehumidification region with heat recovery and/or intermediate injection
US10143935B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2018-12-04 Gradiant Corporation Systems including an apparatus comprising both a humidification region and a dehumidification region
US10463985B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2019-11-05 Gradiant Corporation Mobile humidification-dehumidification desalination systems and methods
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0267961A4 (de) 1990-01-26
FI880396A0 (fi) 1988-01-28
WO1987007174A1 (fr) 1987-12-03
JPH026562B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1990-02-09
JPS63503522A (ja) 1988-12-22
EP0267961A1 (de) 1988-05-25
FI880396A7 (fi) 1988-01-28
FI880396L (fi) 1988-01-28

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