US4753A - Improvement in artificial millstones - Google Patents
Improvement in artificial millstones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4753A US4753A US4753DA US4753A US 4753 A US4753 A US 4753A US 4753D A US4753D A US 4753DA US 4753 A US4753 A US 4753A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- artificial
- millstones
- burr
- improvement
- stones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008100 Brassica rapa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000540 Brassica rapa subsp rapa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002860 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004370 Pastinaca sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017769 Pastinaca sativa subsp sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/0675—Vegetable refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. wood chips, cork, peat, paper
Definitions
- burr-stones in their application to the purposes of grinding is dependent upon their hardness and upon their peculiar cellular texture, and we have succeeded in giving to our artificial burr-stones both of these proper-
- we select such natural clay as when subjected to a high degree of heat in a potters kiln will partially vitrify, and will form that kind of earthenware known under'the name of stoneware or we mix with clays of any suitable kind such portions of silex or of other known materials used in the potters art and in manners well known, or such other earthy or vitrifiable substance as will form a compound possessing the properties which will adapt it to our purpose.
- the pieces so molded are to be thoroughly dried and then baked in a potters kiln, being subjected to that degreeof heatwhich is necessary to give them the requisite hardness; and in undergoing this process the vegetable matter will be burned out, provided a sufficient quantity of it has been mixed with the clay to give to it the proper cellular texture throughout.
Description
- ties in an eminent degree.
UNITED STATES I PATENT OFF CE.
IMPROVEMENT IN ARTIFICIAL MILLSTONES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 4,753, dated September 10, 1846.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, EZEKIEL CUTTER and STEPHEN BLANOHARD, of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Manner of Manufacturing Artificial Burr-Stones, to be used in the same way with the natural burr-stones, for theformin g or compounin g of millstones for the grinding of grain and other articles; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.
The value of burr-stones in their application to the purposes of grinding is dependent upon their hardness and upon their peculiar cellular texture, and we have succeeded in giving to our artificial burr-stones both of these proper- For this purpose we select such natural clay as when subjected to a high degree of heat in a potters kiln will partially vitrify, and will form that kind of earthenware known under'the name of stoneware or we mix with clays of any suitable kind such portions of silex or of other known materials used in the potters art and in manners well known, or such other earthy or vitrifiable substance as will form a compound possessing the properties which will adapt it to our purpose.
Having prepared our clay or compound of clay and other suitable substance with a sufficient portion of water to bring it into a plastic state, we incorporate with it a large quantity of vegetable matter in a fragmentary or granular state; and-as this material is intended to disappear in the process of burning to which the clay is to be subjected, and as the only object of its employment is to give to the artificial burr-stones that cellular texture that is necessary to their proper operation as millstones, we prefer those vegetable substances which have but little deusity-such as granulated cork, turnips, parsnips, carrots or other roots of a like character reduced into small but irregular fragments, or the light porous woods in the shape of fine particles mixed with larger fragments, and, in fine, any vegetable or other suitable substance possessing propertieswhich adapt it to this particular purpose. We sometimes use-crushed or broken corn and graimof other kinds; but although these substances have answered well, it is more difficult to burn them out from large masses of earthenware than to burn out lighter materials. There is little objection, however, to their use in combination with other substances, such as are above designated. The clay thus prepared with the combustible material diffused in large quantities throughout its Whole mass is then to be molded into proper form, and when for millstones of small size they may be molded in one piece; but our intention in general is to form our artificial blocks into segments of such shape and size as will best adapt them to be united together in the manner of the natural burr-stone. The pieces so molded are to be thoroughly dried and then baked in a potters kiln, being subjected to that degreeof heatwhich is necessary to give them the requisite hardness; and in undergoing this process the vegetable matter will be burned out, provided a sufficient quantity of it has been mixed with the clay to give to it the proper cellular texture throughout.
We are fully aware that vegetable substances have been incorporated. with clay for the making of bricks and probably for other purposes, either to aid in the burning of the material or in the merely rendering it porous; but in our use of such materials it is important to imitate that irregular form of the pores which belongs to burr-stones, and which pores must be produced by fragmentary substances, such as are herein described.
Having thus fully set forth the nature of our new manufacture ofartificial burr-millstones and shown the manner in which we effeet the same, what we claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- The preparing of such artificial burr-stones by incorporating with clay or such earth as is fitted for making the harder kinds of pottery a large portion of fragmentary vegetables or such other suitable matter as will cause the said clays when burned to be filled with pores of the kind by which it is adapted to take the place of the natural burr-stones, the whole procedure and operation being substantially the same with that herein fully made known.
EZEKIEL CUTTER. STEPHEN BLANQHARD.
Witnesses DAV. T. SNELLBAKER, W. M. NAUDAIN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4753A true US4753A (en) | 1846-09-10 |
Family
ID=2065054
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US4753D Expired - Lifetime US4753A (en) | Improvement in artificial millstones |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4753A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040240033A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-12-02 | Pan Shaoher X. | High fill ratio reflective spatial light modulator with hidden hinge |
US20050018091A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2005-01-27 | Patel Satyadev R. | Micromirror array device with a small pitch size |
US20110038515A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Arnaud Jacquin | Development of fully-automated classifier builders for neurodiagnostic applications |
US20110087125A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Elvir Causevic | System and method for pain monitoring at the point-of-care |
WO2012088207A2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Molded thermoplastic articles comprising thermally conductive polymers |
-
0
- US US4753D patent/US4753A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050018091A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2005-01-27 | Patel Satyadev R. | Micromirror array device with a small pitch size |
US20040240033A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-12-02 | Pan Shaoher X. | High fill ratio reflective spatial light modulator with hidden hinge |
US20110038515A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Arnaud Jacquin | Development of fully-automated classifier builders for neurodiagnostic applications |
US20110087125A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Elvir Causevic | System and method for pain monitoring at the point-of-care |
WO2012088207A2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Molded thermoplastic articles comprising thermally conductive polymers |
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