US473363A - Armature for dynamo-electric machines - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

S. H. SHORT. ARMATURE FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. No. 473,363.

Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 S. H. SHORT. ARMATURE FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC) MACHINES. No. 473,363.

Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIDNEY H. SHORT, OF CLEVELAND, OI'IIO.

ARMATURE FOR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,363, dated April 19, 1892.

Application filed June 10,1891. Serial No. 395,770. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SIDNEY H. SHORT, of Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Armatures for Dynamo-Electrical Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the arrnatures of dynamo-electric machines for use as generators or as motors; and it has more particular reference to armaturesin which the cores are composed of one or more iron ribbons wound upon a foundation-ring of suitable magnetic metal; but each of the improvements constituting said invention is included for all the uses to which it may be adapted.

In accordance with the first part of the invention the armature is provided with airpassages between the core and the bobbins of insulated wire. The invention extends to the use of such passages with a core generally, whether the said core be solid orconsists of a laminated or similar core. The passages aid in keeping the armature cool. They may be formed by bridge-pieces or blocks within the bobbin-wire, or they may be cut in the core after the same is made, but are preferably leftin the manufacture. In the case of the core formed from ribbon they are most conveniently made by using for the intermediate part of the armature-ribbon somewhat 'narrower than the adjaceutportions of the core, so that the insulated wire extends across said intermediate parts without touching. This construction constitutes a special feature of invention.

In accordance with a second part of the invention the core is provided between the bobbins (or bobbin-places) with teeth or projections integral with the core, which do not extend across the face of the core, but occupy a portion only of the width. They may be and preferably are about square in cross-section; but they may be of other shape. They retain the bobbin in place on the core and act as filling-pieces between them, so that these may be wound more easily upon the core, (especially on cores of the ring type,) and in the finished machine are kept separate. The separation of bobbins conduces to coolness of the armature in running, particularl y if the intermediate spaces not occupied by the teeth or projections aforesaid are left vacant, as they preferably are, since the armature is thus more exposed to the cooling influence of the air. This feature of vacant spaces is speciallyincluded in the invention, Which extends, l'ievertheless, generally to the armature provided with the teeth or projections, as aforesaid. Ileretofore teeth or projections have been formed integral with the armature core and extending across the face of the same; but these teeth, particularly in electric generators, tend to induce sparking by the constant shifting of the lines of force which follow the passage of said teeth. By reducing the teeth or projections, as aforesaid, the disturbance is lessened and the machine made smoother-running. Teeth or projections of non-magnetic material could be employed in order to avoid the disturbance before mentioned and at the same time secure the advantages above specified; but these teeth or projections not being integral with the core are more expensive to provide and are apt to be less secure. If desired, as in the case, say, of a very wide-faced armature, there may be two or more rows of such teeth. In an electrical machinein which the field-poles are presented to the sides of the armature the placing of these teeth at or near the outer edge of the armature not only brings them into position to hold the bobbins in place where the greatest tendency to displacement is encountered, but adapts them to pull, as it were, the magnetic field to the outer part of the armature, which is desirable in order to prevent the direct passage of stray lines of force across the inside of the armature without passing through the same. The foregoing advantages are secured to a greater or less extent, irrespective of the use of a solid or of a laminated or similar core. The use of teeth occupyinga fraction onlyof the armature-face has, moreover, this special advantage over the use of teeth extending its entire width in the case of a laminated core having teeth formed by milling notches in the said c0re namely, that no work is necessary in finishin g a part of the armature-faces and that the labor of milling is diminished, as only a short disbetween the core and bobbins, as above set forth. The presence of the teeth over a part only of the armature-faces gives, however, a free opening between said air-passages and the external air at the other parts of the face.

In accordance with a third part of the invention the'armature-core isprovided. with protecting-surfaces beyond the bobbins, so that should the armature strike against the field-poles, as may happen in the case, say, of the propelling-motors of electric locomotives, the said surfaces make, the contact with the opposing surfaces, receive-the wear, and prevent, injury to the bobbins. These surfaces are conveniently formed by ends of the teeth whichprojectbeyond-the bobbins. Thisfunction maybe performed by teeth, as above specified, or bythe ordinary teeth, extending across the armature-face. It is not essential thatthe protecting-sit rfaces shouldbe of magnetic ma- .terial. They might be formed by the ends of non-magnetic blocks or separators.

The invent-ion also comprises the particular constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, Figure I is a longitudinal sect-ion-th rough a dynamo-electric m a.- chine having anarmature in accordance with the-present invention. Fig. II is a side View of the armature,- with a part of thebobbins removed. Fig. III is a perspective-view illus-- trating the winding of the armature-core. Figs. IV and V are views in side elevation andcross-section, respectively, illustrating an armature-core, in accordance with the invention;with adouble row of teeth or projections; and Fi 'g VI is a longitudinal section of a drumearmature in accordance with the in ven-' tion.

In the form of machine shown, Figsl to V, the. fieldsmagnets A are presented to the sides of the armature. The armaturefcomprisesa foundation ring 13, of suitable magnetic metal, which is" grooved circumferentially on the inside, as shown at 2, and a laminated body 0, composedot soft-iron ribbon wound upon-itself and confined by the rivets 3,1which pass through the. different convolutions of the ribbon and through the foundation-ring, These rivets are bare, and a single row of them-is placedaround the armature in the, center or on a line of equal potential, (having reference, to the eddy-currents,) so as to avoid makingcircuits in the armature-core. The. ribbon at theperiphery of the ring is made wider than at the interior portions,.so that the margins-4 (see Fig. III) will extend beyondthe: said inner portions, and these margins aremilled at 5, so as to leave teeth 6 at the said periphery. These teeth maybe deeper or not so deep, (the depth being measured radially ofthe armature-ring,) accordingto'therelative amounts of the wider and Y narrower ribbon used in making the core. The preferred depth is as shown in SOIld lines, Fig. II, deeper teeth (which may be used) being indicated in dotted lines at 6 1n said figure. The bobbinsD are wound in the spaces 5 and around the rest of the core, one or more bobbinsoccupying each of these spaces. It will be observed'that the grooves 2 may be in communication with the outside air through the spaces 7 between the bobbins and the teeth or projections 6, which spaces are left vacant. In Figs. IV and V the wider ribbon s used in the intermediate part of the armature for a short distance, so as to form (when slotted) a second row of teeth 6".

The narrowerpart of the ribbon may be of the same width as the distance across the foundation-ring and thewiderparts between the notches 5; but it is shown asv somewhat narrower, so as to leave air-passages 8 between the core and. the bobbins. These alrpassages are infree communication withthe outer air through the spaces? between bobbins in adjacent notches 5;. By startingwith a ribbon of proper width. it-is unnecessary to dress the. faces of the core, except in the notches 5, which, being short, are easily-milled and finished.

The armature is mounted and connected with the'commutator. in any ordinary-or suitable way. As shown, the arms 9 ofv a spider D fit in transverse grooves in the inside of the foundation-ring, and screws 10, inserted through the core, aretapped into-these arms. Thespider constitutes the hub. of thearmat-ure-shaft.

In Fig..V I thelaminated core is made of plates,,some of 'whichqare'larger in diameter than the others,and. the projecting margins of these are slotted to leave teeth 6"., be'- tween which the bobbinrwireiswound. These teeth 6 projects beyond-the-bobbins, (asado also they teeth. 6, 6", and 6-,) sothat shouldthe armature make contact with thepoles the ends of the teeth. make contacttherewithand protect thebobbins.

The operation and mode of using the new or improved machineherein described being similar to dynamo-electric machines; in. use and; the particular differences having been already explained, those skilled in the art will need no further description in; order to make and use the same. The armature. is practically smoother than toothed armatures heretofore devised, thus avoiding sparking,

and. it also runs cooler.

The ribbon before describedneedlnot be-in one pieceof metal, but would ordinarily be composed of a. number. of lengths; fastened together. at theends. Itisnot necessary'that it should. be. a continuous strip, although-that is preferred.

Having fully described my inventiomwhat I claim asnew, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An armature for dynamo-electric machines, comprising a foundation-ring grooved circumferentially on its inner periphery and a laminated core,a portion of the folds of which are of less width than that of the foundation-ring, and bobbins of insulated wire encircling the foundation-ring and laminated core, substantially as set forth.

2. A ring armature for dynamo-electric machines, consisting of a laminated core, the inner and outer periphery of which projects laterally from the central portion of the core, thereby forming ann ular grooves in the opposite faces of the laminated core, and bobbins of insulated conductor encircling the core, substantially as set forth.

3. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, having a laminated core whose intermediate parts are of narrower material than the adjacent parts surrounded by the bobbins, so as to leave air-passages between the said core and the bobbins thereon,substantially as described.

4. An armature for dynamo-electrical machines, consisting of a laminated core having projections formed integral with a portion of the outer folds of the core, forming teeth which extend only partly across the opposite faces or sides of its core, and bobbins of insulated conductor encircling the core, substantially as set forth.

5. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising a core having teeth or projections formed integral with the core and extendingfromitsperipheryonlypartlyacross its side or face, in combination with a foundation-ring and bobbins, the construction being such as to form air-spaces between the bobbins and the outer plane surface of the core, substantially as set forth.

6. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising a laminated core having a number of adjacent convolutions of one width of ribbon and a number of convolutions of Wider ribbon notched to form teeth, substantially as described.

7. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising, in connection with the bobbins of insulated wire, a laminated core having a numberof adjacent convolutions of ribbon of a width not exceeding the distance across the armature between the bobbins and a number of convolutions of wider ribbon notched to form teeth, substantially as described.

8. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising, in connection with bobbins of insulated wire, a laminated core having convolutions of ribbon of a width less than the distance between the bobbins, and convolutions of wider ribbon notched to form teeth, substantially as described.

9. An armature for dynamo-electrical machines, comprising, in connection with bobbins of insulated wire, a foundation ring grooved circumferentially on the inside, and a laminated core composed of ribbon of a width less than the distance between the bobbins and also of wider ribbon notched to form teeth, the air-passages between the bobbins and the narrower ribbon and the grooves inside the foundation-rin g being both in communication with the outside air through the spaces between the bobbins separated by said teeth, substantially as described.

10. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, having beyond the bobbins projecting surfaces, which by contact with the poles may keep the bobbins from contact therewith, substantially as described.

11. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, having on the core teeth or projections integral with said core and projecting beyond the bobbins toward the field-poles to protect the bobbins from contact therewith, substantially as described.

12. An armature-core consisting of a continuous strip of ribbon wound into superimposed layers and a row of bare or naked rivets or pins extending through such layers and located on a line of equipotential, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

S. H. SHORT.

Witnesses:

JOHN 0. Down, A. B. )ALHoUN.

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