US472216A - Woven fabric and method of weaving the same - Google Patents

Description

(Specimens.)

G. H. HARVEY. I WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF WEAVING THE SAME.

No. 472,216. Patented Apr. 5, 1892.

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NITE STATES GEORGE H. HARVEY,'OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF W EAVING THE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 472,216, dated April 5, 1892.

Application filed November 28, 1890. Serial No. 372,830. (Specimens-l To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. HARVEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Woven Fabrics and the Method of Weaving the Same, of which the following is a specification.

The principal objects of my present invention are, first, to provide acarpet fabric which is cheaper to manufacture than ordinary two and three ply carpet fabrics and such as shall constitute an acceptable substitute therefor and for such costly upholstery fabrics as are now employed; second, to provide an inexpensive carpet fabric which shall present a multiple-ply color effect and which shall be heavier in weight and possess better weaving qualities than ordinary motley single-ply carpet, and,third, to provide an inexpensive, efficient, and expeditious method of weaving such a carpet fabric by means of aloom provided with a simple form of jacquard.

My invention consists of an improved woven fabric having figuring chenille weft-threads passing from face to face thereof to constitute the required pattern and form a cut-pile or full chenille surface throughout both the face and back of the fabric with spun warpthreads in three sets or divisions, and two of said sets or divisions passing from face to face of the fabric and tying said weft-threads and the other of said sets or divisions lyingalong the middle of the fabric and directing the weft-threads.

My invention further consists in the method of producing such a woven fabric by employing a series of wefts in predetermined order and warps in three sets or divisions, two for binding the wefts and one for controlling the disposition thereof, so as to produce the required figure effect, and lifting one division of said binding-warps successively and certain of said figure-controlling warps before the introduction of each of the series of wefts,

and then lifting the other division of binding-warps successively and certain of said figure-controlling warps before repeating the introduction of each of the series of wefts in the sameorder, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

In weaving acarpet fabric according to my invention preference is given to the employ-v ment of two divisions or sets of fine bindingwarps and one division of coarse and stiff warps, and there is in a loom for weaving such a fabric a plain harness for each set of fine binding-warps and a Jacquard machine for controlling the heddles for the coarse warps. In weaving figured fabrics there is one operation of the Jacquard needles for every pick of the loom and there is an operation of one of the pair of plain har: nesses for each operation of the Jacquard machine-that is to say, the same plain harness is operated successively once for each shot of different-colored weft-threads, and then the other plain harness is operated successively in a similar manner. In weaving plain fab,- rics-that is, fabrics having a solid color upon the respective faces thereof-there is one opr vfigure-controlling warps, and these divisions of the warps are manipulated in the following manner: One set or division of the binding-warps is lifted by means of a plain harness and journal and certain of the coarse warps are jacked up or lifted by means of a Jacquard machine, whereupon a shot of weft is introduced. This weft goes to the back of the fabric wherever the figure controlling warps are lifted and to the face of the fabric wherever the figure controlling warps are permitted to occupy their normal or depressed position. All the warps are then returned to their normal positions and the weft is beaten up by means of a lay and reed. The same set of binding-warps is again lifted and certain others of the figure-controlling warps are jacked up and a second shot of weft is introduced. This second weft goes to the back of the fabric wherever the figure controlling warps are lifted-that is to say, at the points where the first weft went to the face-and to the face of the fabric wherever the figure- I controlling warps are permitted to occupy their normal or depressed positionthat is to say, at the points where the first weft went to the back. During the next operation of the loom the other set of binding-warps is operated in the manner above described and the wefts are introduced in the same order, so that the two divisions of binding-warps are operated by a journal and weave only plain sheds and the figure-controlling warps are drawn tight and are operated by the Jacquard machine. These figure-controlling warps lie between the two wefts and serve to direct the same to either the one or the other of the two faces of the fabric, according to the requirements of the pattern.

The nature and objects of my present invention will be more fully understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and in which- Figure l is a diagrammatical view of a-section of the fabric, taken in the direction of the warp-threads-a'. e., a section through the weft-threads-showing the character of the weave of a fabric embodying the features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view representing asection of the fabric, taken in the direction of the weft-threadsz'. e., a section through the warp threads showing weftthreads of two different colorsseparated by the coarse warps and appearing on the face of the fabric in accordance'with the requirements of the pattern. arrangement of certain parts of ya loom and such as -may be conveniently employed for the production of my improved fabric, and Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 illustrate diagrammatically theoperation of weaving the improved fabric by means of a loom arranged in the manner illustrated in Fig. 3.

In the drawings, 1, 2, and '3 represent a warp in three divisions. The two divisions l and 2 are binding-warps andmay comprise threads of different or of the same color; but reference is given to the employment of threads of the same and of a darkcolor. The other division 3 is a figure-controlling warp and comprises coarse and stiff threads of cotton or other inexpensive material of any color. For the sake of perspicuity only one thread of each set will be considered throughout the following description, and it willbe assumed that twocolors-viz., red andblackarenecessaryto produce the required pattern. b represents weft-tlrreads of black chenille or black spun yarn, and 0" represents weft-threads of red chenille or red spun yarn. Preference, however, is given to the employment of chenille weft-threads, because by their employment a fabric having full chenille or cut pile faces is produced.

Referring nowto Fig. 1, the fine bindingwarps 1 and 2 pass from face to face of the fabric and constitute plain sheds containing the red and black wefts 1' and b, and the figure-controlling warps 3 lie along the middle of the fabric and direct the wefts r and b to Fig. 3 represents the the face or back thereof, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 2. The warpthreads 3 not only serve to direct the wefts to the back and face of the fabric, but also serve to give body and weight to the fabric as a whole and to cushion the face and back wefts, thereby preserving the same longer against wear and tear and preventing what is technically known as gazingthat is to say, the formation of gaps on one side of the fabric through which the other face thereof can be seen.

In order that my invention may be more fully understood, a brief description will now be given of the manufacture of my improved fabric in two colors-to wit, red and blackand according to my improved method of weaving.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the two divisions of fine warps 1 and 2 are carried, preferably, uponthe same warp-beam w and are led in through the two harnesses a and (1*, adapted to be operatedby means of journals, and the figure-controlling warp 3 is carried upon a secondwarp-beam w and is under slightly greater tension than the divisions 1 and 2. The threads of the division 3 are led in through the heddlesof a third harness a and these heddles are adapted to be operated by means of a Jacquard machine in the usual or in any preferred manner. If the fabric is to be woven on an ordinary ingrain--carpet loom, these threads 3 would of course be led in through the third and fourth harnesses and would be operated by the Jacquard needles in sets of four and the journal-lift forthese two harnesses would be dispensed with.

In weaving the plain portion of the fabric indicated by the letter P in Fig. 1 the we'fts are introduced in a certain order-for example, black and red-the harness a and warp l are lifted by means of a journal, and a shot of black weftb is introduced into the shed, Fig. 4, and appears at the face of the fabric. The harness a is then lowered and'the weft beaten up. The harness a and thread 1 are again lifted by the journal and certain of the threads 3 are jacked up, Fig. 5, and a shot of red weft 'r is introduced and appears at the backofthefabric. Theharnessa andthreads 3 are then lowered and the Weft beaten up. At the next operation of the loom the harness a is raised, so that the warps 1 and 2 form plain sheds throughout the fabric and the warp 3 lies along the middle thereof.

In weaving the figured portion of the'fabric indicated by the letter P in Fig. 1 the two shots of wefts are introduced'in the same order-that is to say, first black and then redand the harness a and thread 2 are lifted by the journal and certain of the threads 3 are jacked up and a shot of black weftb is'introduced into the shed and appears at the back of the fabric, Fig. 6. The harness a and threads 3 are then lowered and the weft is beaten up, Fig. 6. The harness a is again lifted by the journal and a shot of red Weft is introduced into the shed, Fig. 7, and appears at the back of the fabric. The harness a is then lowered and the weft is beaten up. At the next operation of the loom the harness a is lifted, so that the warps 1 and 2 form plain sheds throughout the fabric and the warp 3 lies along the middle thereof.

Thejournal-lifts may be dispensed with and all the threads may be operated by means of a Jacquard machine; but, good results have been obtained in practice by the employment of journals, and hence preference is given to their use.

Having thus described the nature and obj ects of my invention, whatI claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described woven fabric, comprising figuring chenille weft-threads passing from face to face of the fabric to constitute the required pattern and form a cut pile or full chenille surface throughoutboth the face and back of the fabric and spun warp-threads controlling the figure effect, introducing said 7 4 wefts singly, and operating the binding-warps once for every two shots of weft and certain of the figure-controlling'warps once for every shot of weft, for the purposes setforth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' GEORGE H. HARVEY.

Witnesses:

A. B. STOUGHTON, RICHARD (J. MAXWELL.

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