US469851A

US469851A - Oto-litho

Info

Publication number: US469851A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1892-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 1909-03-01

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Patented Mar. 1, 1892,

(No Model.)

A. DEININGER.

v MALTING APPABATUS. No. 469,851.

Illl

W/T/VESSES:

(No Model.) I 3 Sheets-sheet 2.

A. DEININGER. V

MALTING APPARATUS. No. 469,851. Patented Mar 1,1892.

W/T/VESSES /IVI/EA/TOR ATTOH/VEYS.

m: Novus Pz'rens co., mam-uma, msmxmo u, D. c.

UNrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE.,

AUGUST DEIN IN GER, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OF H. M. D. DEININGER, OF `SAME PLACE.

MALTING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters ll'ateznt` No. 469,851, dated March 1, 1892.

Application filed May 26 1891.

- T aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUsT DEININGER, a cltizen of the German Empire, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Malti'ng' Apparatus, of Which the following is a specification. t This invention relates to a pneumatic malting apparatus by which the different successive Operations to which the barley is subjected in the malting process--such as the removing of the light floating grains of barley, the Washin g of the barley, the moistening and sprouting of the barley, the heating of .the germinated grains, and, finally, the preliminary drying of the malt-can be successively and reliably carried out, so that the manual labor and the expensive plant heretofore required can be dispensed with and that a superior and uniform malt is obtained.

The inVent-ion consists ofapneumatic malting apparatus that comprises a germinatingdrumhaving a fixed and a detachable head, a stationary tubular axle having a perforated and a non-perforated portion, an interior removable pipe system formed of an exterior tubular axle and radial perforated pipes, and a partitionv attached to the end of vthe exterior axle andv having an imperforate center portion and a circumferential flange fitting into the open end of the drum.

The invention consists, further, of the germinating-drum, a tubular stationary axle around Which the drum is rotated, an exterior tubular aXle having radial perforated pipes, a perforated partition having an imperforate portion, a four-way Valve, an air-moistening chamber, an air-heating chamber, and an airdrying chamber connected by Valved tubes with said four-way Valve, a force-fan connected with the four-way Valve and With the V stationary tubular axle, and a sucton-fan Serial No. 394,142. (No model.)

vertical transverse section of the same. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of the germinating-drum, showing the parts composing the same in the act of being separated from each other; and Fig. 5 is an end view of the perforated partition of the detachable pipe system of the,germinating-dru'm.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the germinating drum, B the air moistening Chamber, C the air-heating chamber, and D the air-drying Chamber, of my pnenmatic malting apparatus, Which parts'are arranged sidewise of each other and placed in commucation With each other by a four-Way Valve E, which Vwill be fully described hereinafter. The ingoing end of the germinating-drum A is connected by an elbow-tube e and tube Q With aventilating-fan F, Which is'co'nnected by a pipe P with thefour-Way Valve E, while the outgoing end of the drum A is connected vby an elbow e' and tube Q With a suction-fan F', that communicates With the atmosphere. The pressure in the connecting-pipes Q Q' is indicated by pressure-gages H H', Which are arranged at the upper part of the same near the ventilating-fans F F', Where, also, thermometers I I' are arrangcd, so as to read off the temperature in said connecting-tubes.

' The germinating-drum Ais composed of an exterior cylindrical shell, Which is provided With a number of glass-covered peep-openings d d, a supply-opening R, and small openings d' d', Which latter are closed by means of plugs (12, and Which serve for discharging the moisture of the drum. I The drum A is closed at one end by a fixed head A' and at the other end by a detachable head A2 and rotated on a fixed tubular axle G', which is extended through the left-hand headof the drum and rigidly connected by a stuffing-box With the connecting-elbow e, and Which is closed at the opposite end by aperforated partition M, having a circumt'erential flange m, by Which the partition M is tightly fitted into the end of the drum A. Into the drum Ais inserted the detachable pipe system K, Which is composed of the tubular perforated aXle G and a number of smaller radial pipes a a', Which extend in alternating rows or groups from the axle G IOO and are closed at their outer ends. The tubular axle G is made of slightly-larger diameter than the axleG', so as to be moved readily over the latter until the end of the axle G' abnts against the central imperforate portion of the partition M and is closed by the same, as shown in Fig. 2. The right-hand end of the germinating-drum A is thenlclosed by the solid head A2 of the same,between Which and Vthe perforated partition lWI a cylindrical Chamber O is formed, the width of which is equal to the Width of the circumferential flange m. The imperforate center portion of the perforated partition M is somewhat larger in diameter than the axle G and provided at its center with a fixed eye m', by'means ot' which the entire pipe system K, with itsaxle G', Can be removed from the drum after the righthand head of the drum is removed, as shown in Fig. 4. The partition M is fitted tightly to the inner circumference of the drum A, but. in such a manner that it can be readily removed with the pipes a a', so as to permit the thorough Cleaning and .re'pairing of the radial perforated pipes, as Well as of the drum A and the axles G and G' of the same. After the Cleaning of the parts the pipe system K is returned into position in the drum A Vby slid'ing the tubular axle G over the 1fixed axle 'G' until its end Vabu'ts against the middle imperforate portionlo'f the partition M 'and the circumferential fiange fm fits tightly to the right-hand end of the drum, 'after which the head A2 is vreplaced into position. Thetubular axleiG' of 'the drum Aisformed of Aan upper non-perforated portion and of a lowerV4 'por`tio`n, which "is provided `W-ith openings sz Thie'drum A, With its `'pipe system Kand par-; 'tition M,is slowly rotated aroundthe ``staton- 'ary 'a'xle G' `'by means of rollers, gear-wheels, i or other 'motion -transmitting mechanisms, z -wh'ichact'on the circumferential or 'toothed p Rotary motion isimparted to 'the`rollers or gear-wheels in lthe 'same di-: rectio'n bya suitable transmission, which isV composed of belts and .pulley transmission., intermediate be'vel-gears, and worm-gears, as f apparatus B, the air-heating apparatusG-and rims'of'thedrum.

shown in Figs. l and 3.

Any suitable mechanism -by which a slow q 'rotary motion isimparted to the germinatingdrum around the iixed tubular ax'le G' can'` be e`mp`loyed,'as I do not desire to con fine my-` 1 nozzles, is arranged. The air is dravrn in self V'to 'the special construction shown.

The radial 'pipes a a'are sogrouped around th'e tubular axle'G that one. group a alternates g with 'the nex'tgroup a', as shown clearly in Fig. 3, the tubular a'xle G'beingperforated at l 'those .points 'only`where the radiating lpifpes are inserted into the same. The interior axle G' lis, however, only Apartly perforated, 'its openings s s-registering with the 'inner ends of Jthe 'radial .pipes'a a', While the'imperforate port'ion of the axle G' serves to close off the remaining Apo'rtions of the 'radial pipes a a', `so-t`ha`t thereby the cu'rrents of air or water introduced into the germinating-drum are ejected 'only through the pipes at one side of the inner axle G'. The distance of the groups of radiating pipes a a' from each other is such that the curi'en'ts of air or water that are forced through the same meet in the space between the tubes. The inner ends of the radiatingpipes a a' are attached into the openings of the tubular axle G, While the outer ends of the same, which terminate near the shell of the drum, are closed. For bracing the OuterV ing of the drum, as well as for removing the light floating bai-ley from the same. closed by means of a cover N, which is firmly holted to the drum.

For permitting the reversingof the germinating-drum A the driving-ishaft is provided With a fast and a loose pulley fn and n', (shown in Figs. 1 and V3,) by means of Which and -a suitable reversing gear 'the drum can be readily rotated in one or theopposite direction. During the ro'tary motion thus -impart- ,edto the drum the supply of air is so regulated to the drum that it passes throughthe openings s of thefixed aXleG' into the vperforated fpipes a, a' which are then in register With said openings while those pipes ama' Which are t-hen' located over the non-.perforated `portion o'f the axle G' are shut off from the supply of air. As the non-.perforated portion is arranged at an inclined angle'to the vertical axisthat correspondsto the line L L',

It is` IOO which the body of barley-assumed whilelbeair-drying apparatus D. The fair-moistening apparatus B is composed of a rectangular' Chamber, in the lower part of Which a water- `supply pipe fiprovided with a number ofjetfthrough the opening h and moistenedbypassing through the spray of water .produced by the jet-nozzles. The Connection between the Chamber D and the Valve E is regulated by the slide 17', by which, also, the connection ican be entirely interrupted. 4 A short pipe h' in "the side wallof the chamber'B serves for con- IIO necti'ng the same with a cooling apparatus, i-u

which the air is cooled 'by a suitablesupply of ice, so1hattheLpropergerm'inatingtemperature of the air is obtained, even whenthe te'mperature of the Aouter air 'is considerably v'highely-so that maltiug can ube'carried on in the summer season.

The air-heating apparatus C consists of a heating-chamberinwhich the air to be heated is introduced through a tube C2 and conducted over a steam-coil C3, it being drawn through the tube O' and its slide C4 to the. Valve EV Isponge, calcium chloride, or other suitable The air is conducted from the airl material. drying apparatus D through. the pipe D' to vthe Valve E, while an additional connection is made with the lower part of the air-heater pI'OCeSS.

C by a tube m3, provided with a slide m4, so that the air cannot only be taken through the tube D', but also through the heating apparatus O and its connecting-pipe C'.

By the four-Way Valve E the drum A can be supplied, according to the relative positions of the slides in the pipes B', C', and D', with the moist, heated, or cooled air, as required by the different stages of the germinating The slide T at the upper part of the Valve E is kept in reserve for making additional connections, if required. All the air is conducted in sheet-metal tubes of the same diameter, which, like the germinating-drum and its perforated tubes, are protected by a zink coating. i

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The drum A is charged with barley to about one-third of its capacity through the opening R and the space above the barley filled up to a certain height with water, the light barley which floats on the surface of the water being removed through the opening R. For the purpose of thoroughly washing the barley v openings cl' d' and the drum rotated until all the moisture is removed from the same. The motion of the drum is then interrupted and the swelled barley is permitted to rest, so that it commences to sweat and sprout. At this point the jet-nozzles f in the air-moistening apparatus B are set into action and moistened air is drawn by means of the suction-fan F from the chamber B to the drum A, Which is rotated again, .so that the moistened air is forced by the fan F through the tubular axle G' into the perforated radial tubes a a' in such a manuel' that allthe parts of the sWelled and 'sprouted' barley are penetrated by the moistened air. The entrance of the air into the drum can only take place through the perforations s of the axle G' and the radial pipes' communicating therewith, while the non-perforated portion of the interioraxle G' prevents the passage of the moistened air into the radial pipes a a', located at that time above said non-perforated portion G2. Consequently the moistened air is always supplied to 'the sprouting barley, which is located at the lower side of the inclined dotted line L L', (shown in Fig. 3,) while no'air passes into -thespace above said inclined line. The moistened air is consequentlycontinuously forced through the sprouting barley by the fan F until it passes, finally, through the perforated partition M into the chamber O and is drawn off from the latter through the pipe Q' by the fan F'. The swelling and sproutingof the barley takes place at a temperature up to 15 Celsius and at a degree of moisture corresponding to this temperature. At this temperature and by the presence of moisture the overheating of the body of barley and the killing of the sprouts are prevented. The

f germinating takes place uniformly' throughout the entire body of barley, the progress of the germinating process being readily observed at any time by the thermometersl and I', the pressure-gages H H', and the glass-covered openings d, so -that even the slightest change in the temperature or moisture required by the body of barley can be readily controlled by means of the slides of the fourway Valve E. The most dangerous point of the malting process namely, that of the overheating of the barley-can thus be readily passed by. By the slow rotation of the drum the body of barley in the same is supplied with moist and dry air of proper temperature by means of the radial perforated tubes, the barley kept loose all the time, the sprouting accelerated, and the self-heating of the body of malt prevented, and, as the drum can be readily kept clean, any formation of fungi in the sprouted barley is prevented. NVhen the germinating of the barley is completed, the continued growing of the sprouts has to be immediately interrupted. For this purpose all the slides of the Valve E are closed, except that of the tube D', so that cold air is forced Vfrom the chamber D into the drum until the sprouts wither. The slide of the tube D is then closed and the slides m4 and C4 are opened, so that dry hot air is forced by the fan F through the body of barley, by which the preliminary drying of the malt takes place. As soon as 'the preliminary drying is completed all the slides are closed, the drumemptied, the pipe system K removed from the exterior cylinder or shell, as shown in Fig. 3, all the parts carefully cleaned, then replaced in position, and the drum charged with a new quantity of barley, as before, and operated in the same manner, and so on.

IOO

IIO

Having thus described my invention, I perforated tubes that are located over the 3o claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent.-

1. In a pneumatic malting apparatus, the combination of a stationa-ry tubular axle provided With a perforated portion and a nonperforated portion, a drum rotating around said axle and provided With a station'ary head at one end and a detachable head at thel opposite end, an exterior tubular axle having a system of radial perforated pipes, said axle being fitted over thestationary axle, a perforated partition attached to the end of the exterior axle and provided With a central imperforate portion, and a circumferential flange fitted into the end of the drum, substantially as set forth.

2. In a pneumatic maltingiappar-atus, the combination of a stationary tubular axle provided With a perforated portion anda nonperforated portion, a drum on said tubular axle,' an exterior. tubular axle fitted over the stationary axle andV provided With radial perforated pipes, and-means for rotating the drum around the stationary axle, so that moistened dry cold air or heated air can be forced through the perforated tubes that communicate with the perforated portion of theinterior axle, but prevented frompassing into the non-perforated portion of the interior axle, snbstantially as set forth.

3'. The combination of a stationary tubular axle having a perforated portion and a nonperforated portion, a germinating-drum on the stationary axle, means for rotating said drum, an exterior tubular axle provided With radial perforated pipes, a perforated partition at the outgoing end of the exterior axle, said partition being attached to said axle and the drum and forming a chamber` with the head of the latter, an air-moistening chamber, an air-heating chamber, an air-drying chamber located near the ingoing end of the stationary axle, a four-way Valve, tubes having slides for establishingcommunication between thefourwayvalve and said chambers, a force-fan con-` nected with thefour-way Valve and with the ingoing end of the stationaryaxle, and a suction-fan connected with the outgoing end of the drum, substantiallyA as set forth` In test-imony that Telam the foregoing as my-invention I havesigned my name in presenceof two subscribing wi-tnesses.

AUGUST DEININGER. Witnesses:

W. H. EDWARDS, XV. HAUPT.