US4692684A - High/low DC voltage motor vehicle electrical system - Google Patents
High/low DC voltage motor vehicle electrical system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4692684A US4692684A US06/908,219 US90821986A US4692684A US 4692684 A US4692684 A US 4692684A US 90821986 A US90821986 A US 90821986A US 4692684 A US4692684 A US 4692684A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- generator
- phase
- rectifier
- power terminal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electrical system for an automotive vehicle which provides not only the usual low-magnitude DC voltage for energizing the ordinary low DC voltage loads of the vehicle, but which also provides a high-magnitude DC voltage capable of energizing a high DC voltage auxiliary load.
- the common motor vehicle electrical system includes a storage battery, a three-phase AC generator, a three-phase full-wave rectifier, and a voltage regulator.
- the battery provides standby power at a DC voltage of predetermined low magnitude (e.g., a nominal fourteen volts) between a main power terminal and system ground.
- the engine driven generator typically includes output windings across which a three-phase AC voltage is produced at an amplitude determined by the amount of current fed through a field winding.
- the rectifier acts to convert the three-phase AC voltage to a DC voltage between the main power terminal and system ground for charging the battery and for supplying the other low-magnitude DC voltage vehicle loads.
- the voltage regulator is responsive to the DC voltage appearing between the main power terminal and system ground to control the amount of current fed through the field winding of the generator so as to cause the three-phase AC voltage put out by the output windings of the generator to have an amplitude correct to establish and maintain the DC voltage at the predetermined low magnitude.
- a motor vehicle electrical system of the above common type it is sometimes necessary or desirable to provide electrical power to an auxiliary load requiring energization from a DC voltage of substantially greater magnitude (e.g., 50 to 75 volts) than the low-magnitude DC voltage ordinarily provided in such system.
- a high-power windshield heater element is one example of such a high DC voltage auxiliary load.
- the present invention provides a high-magnitude DC voltage power supply applicable to a motor vehicle electrical system of the above-described type and capable of advantageously energizing a high DC voltage load such as a high-power window glass heater.
- the foregoing common low-magnitude DC voltage automotive electrical system is modified by the addition of three elements: a three-phase AC voltage step-down transformer connected between the output of the engine driven three-phase generator and the input of the three-phase full-wave rectifier, a second three-phase full-wave rectifier connected between the output of the three-phase generator and an auxiliary power terminal, and a selector switch connected between the auxiliary power terminal and the main power terminal.
- a switch when the switch is closed, the first rectifier is disabled and the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator (as controlled by the voltage regulator) has a first amplitude correct when rectified by the second rectifier to establish and maintain the DC voltage between the main power terminal and system ground at the predetermined low magnitude.
- the first rectifier is enabled and the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator (as controlled by the voltage regulator) has a second higher amplitude correct when stepped down by the transformer and rectified by the first rectifier to establish and maintain the DC voltage between the main power terminal and system ground at the predetermined low magnitude.
- the second higher amplitude of the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator is also correct when rectified by the second rectifier to establish and maintain a DC voltage between the auxiliary power terminal and system ground which is higher than the predetermined low-magnitude DC voltage by a voltage step-up ratio which is the converse of the voltage step-down ratio of the transformer.
- the latter high-magnitude DC voltage may be applied to energize a high DC voltage accessory load such as a high-power windshield heater.
- the voltage regulator is of the type in which the DC voltage for supplying the field winding of the generator is derived from a separate rectifier
- three further elements are provided: a second switch operable in unison with the selector switch, and third and fourth rectifiers.
- the third rectifier is connected from the output of the three-phase generator through the second switch to a field winding supply terminal for rectifying the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator to provide a DC voltage of approximately the predetermined low magnitude for energizing the field winding when the second switch is closed.
- the fourth rectifier is connected between the output of the three-phase transformer and the field winding supply terminal for rectifying the stepped-down three-phase AC voltage put out by the transformer to provide a DC voltage of approximately the predetermined low magnitude for energizing the field winding when the second switch is opened.
- the field winding of the generator is always energized by a DC voltage of approximately the predetermined low magnitude regardless of the state of the selector switch and the amplitude of the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the invention.
- a motor vehicle electrical system includes a storage battery 10 connected between a main power terminal 12 and system ground 14 for providing standby power at a DC voltage of predetermined low magnitude, e.g., a nominal 14 volts. Also connected between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14, as represented by block 16, are various low-magnitude DC voltage loads of the type normally found in a motor vehicle. It will be understood that each of the loads 16 may include appropriate switches and like devices for controlling the application of the low-magnitude DC voltage to energize such load.
- a three-phase AC generator 20 includes output windings 22a, 22b and 22c and a field winding 24.
- the generator 20 is of the type where the phase windings 22a, 22b and 22c are stationary and the field winding 24 is mechanically driven in rotation by the vehicle engine 26 through an approximate drive linkage 28.
- a three-phase AC voltage is developed across the output windings 22a, 22b and 22c having an amplitude determined by the amount of current fed through the field winding 24 and having a frequency determined by the rotating speed of the field winding 24.
- the generator output windings 22a, 22b and 22c are arranged in a wye or star configuration in which each is connected between a common neutral node 30 and a different associated one of a set of generator output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c.
- the line-to-line phase voltage components of the three-phase AC voltage produced by the generator 20 appear between the respective output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c.
- the generator output windings 22a, 22b and 22c could be connected in a delta configuration if desired.
- a three-phase voltage step-down transformer 34 includes a set of primary windings 36a, 36b and 36c, and a corresponding set of secondary windings 38a, 38b and 38c.
- the transformer primary windings 36a, 36b and 36c are each connected between different associated pairs of the generator output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c.
- the transformer secondary windings 38a, 38b and 38c are each connected between different associated pairs of transformer output terminals 40a, 40b and 40c.
- the transformer 34 is effective to step down the amplitude of the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator 20 in accordance with a predetermined voltage step-down ratio, e.g., 4 to 1.
- the transformer 34 could be an autotransformer.
- a first three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier 42 includes positively poled diodes 44a, 44b and 44c each connected between a different associated one of the transformer output terminals 40a, 40b and 40c, respectively, and the main power terminal 12.
- the first rectifier 42 further includes negatively poled diodes 46a, 46b and 46c each connected between a different associated one of the transformer output terminals 40a, 40b and 40c, respectively, and system ground 14.
- the first rectifier 42 is effective to rectify the stepped-down three-phase AC voltage put out by the transformer 34 to provide a first full-wave rectified DC voltage between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14, provided that the rectifier 42 is appropriately forward biased or enabled.
- a second three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier 48 includes positively poled diodes 50a, 50b and 50c each connected between a different associated one of the generator output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c, respectively, and an auxiliary power terminal 52.
- the second rectifier 48 further includes negatively poled diodes 54a, 54b and 54c each connected between a different associated one of the generator output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c, respectively, and system ground 14.
- the second rectifier 48 is effective to rectify the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator 20 to provide a second full-wave rectified DC voltage between the auxiliary power terminal 52 and system ground 14.
- a voltage regulator 56 is responsive to the DC voltage appearing between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14 to control the amount of current fed through the generator field winding 24 to cause the amplitude of the three-phase AC voltage developed across the generator output windings 22a, 22b and 22c to be correct to establish and maintain such DC voltage at the predetermined low magnitude, e.g., a nominal 14 volts.
- the voltage regulator 56 may, for example, be of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,098,964 or in U.S. patent application No. 775,172.
- a selector switch 58 operable between opened and closed states, is connected between the main power terminal 12 and the auxiliary power terminal 52.
- the switch 58 When the switch 58 is closed, the main and auxiliary power terminals 12 and 52 are connected together. In this condition, the full-wave rectified DC voltage provided by the second rectifier 48 is applied through the switch 58 between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14.
- the voltage regulator 56 is responsive to this DC voltage to control the amount of current fed through the generator field winding 24 such that the three-phase AC voltage developed across the generator output windings 22a, 22b and 22c is at a first amplitude correct when rectified by the second rectifier 48 to establish and maintain the DC voltage between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14 at the predetermined low magnitude, e.g., a nominal 14 volts. Due to the voltage step-down action of the transformer 34, the positively poled diodes 44a, 44b and 44c of the first rectifier 42 are reverse biased, and so, the first rectifier 42 is disabled.
- the switch 58 When the switch 58 is opened, the main and auxiliary power terminals 12 and 52 are disconnected from each other. In this condition, the positively poled diodes 44a, 44b and 44c of the first rectifier 42 are forward biased and the first rectifier 42 is enabled to provide a full-wave rectified DC voltage between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14.
- the voltage regulator 56 is responsive to this DC voltage to increase the amount of current fed through the generator field winding 24 such that the three-phase AC voltage developed across the generator output windings 22a, 22b and 22c is at a second greater amplitude correct when stepped-down by the transformer 34 and rectified by the first rectifier 42 to establish and maintain the DC voltage between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14 at the predetermined low magnitude.
- the switch 58 when the switch 58 is opened, the full-wave rectified DC voltage provided by the second rectifier 48 is applied between the auxiliary power terminal 52 and system ground 14.
- the DC voltage appearing between the auxiliary power terminal 52 and system ground 14 is at a predetermined high magnitude which is greater than the predetermined low magnitude of the DC voltage appearing between the main power terminal 12 and system ground 14.
- the high-magnitude DC voltage is greater than the low-magnitude DC voltage by a voltage step-up ratio which is the converse of the voltage step-down ratio of the transformer 34.
- the high-magnitude DC voltage will be approximately four times greater than the low-magnitude DC voltage, i.e., for a low-magnitude DC voltage of 14 volts, the high-magnitude DC voltage would be approximately 56 volts.
- the latter high-magnitude DC voltage may be utilized to energize a high DC voltage accessory load 60 such as a high-power windshield heater.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a further embodiment of the invention applicable where the voltage regulator 56 is of the type in which the DC voltage for supplying the field winding 24 of the generator 20 is derived from a separate rectifier. Examples of this type of voltage regulator are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,469,168 and 3,539,864. Like numerals are used to denote like elements in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 2 includes a second switch 62, and third and fourth three-phase half-wave rectifiers 64 and 66, respectively.
- the second switch 62 is operated in unison with the selector switch 58.
- the third rectifier 64 includes positively poled diodes 68a, 68b and 68c each connected from a different associated one of the generator output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c, respectively, through the second switch 62 to a field winding supply terminal 72 associated with the voltage regulator 56.
- the fourth rectifier 66 includes positively poled diodes 70a, 70b and 70c each connected from a different associated one of the transformer output terminals 40a, 40b and 40c, respectively, to the field winding supply terminal 72.
- the third rectifier 64 is effective to rectify the three-phase AC voltage produced at the generator output terminals 32a, 32b and 32c to provide a DC voltage of approximately the predetermined low magnitude for energizing the field winding 24 (with a current determined by the voltage regulator 56). Further, with the switch 62 closed, the fourth rectifier 66 is reverse biased or disabled. Alternatively, when the switches 58 and 62 are opened, the third rectifier 64 is disabled and the fourth rectifier 66 is enabled.
- the fourth rectifier 66 is effective to rectify the stepped-down three-phase AC voltage produced at the transformer output terminals 40a, 40b and 40c to provide a DC voltage of approximately the predetermined low magnitude for energizing the field winding 24 (with a current determined by the voltage regulator 56). In this manner, the field winding 24 is always energized by a DC voltage of approximately the predetermined low magnitude regardless of the state of the selector switch 58 and the amplitude of the three-phase AC voltage put out by the generator 20.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US06/908,219 US4692684A (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1986-09-17 | High/low DC voltage motor vehicle electrical system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US06/908,219 US4692684A (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1986-09-17 | High/low DC voltage motor vehicle electrical system |
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US4692684A true US4692684A (en) | 1987-09-08 |
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US06/908,219 Expired - Fee Related US4692684A (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1986-09-17 | High/low DC voltage motor vehicle electrical system |
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Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0325520A2 (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1989-07-26 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Dual tension supply circuit for an automotive vehicle |
EP0373805A2 (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1990-06-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Alternator system for automotive vehicles |
US4992672A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1991-02-12 | Peter Norton | Dual or single voltage vehicular power supply with improved switch driver and load pump |
US5021727A (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1991-06-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power supply system for motor vehicle |
US5095222A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1992-03-10 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | System for controlling raised-voltage defrosting of an electric windshield in a motor vehicle |
US5187349A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1993-02-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Defrost and passenger compartment heater system |
US5233286A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1993-08-03 | Sundstrand Corporation | Hybrid 270 volt DC system |
US5247808A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1993-09-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Automotive air conditioning apparatus |
US5321231A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1994-06-14 | General Motors Corporation | System for supplying power to an electrically heated catalyst |
US5334926A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-08-02 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Electric power system for automotive vehicle |
US5436509A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1995-07-25 | Energator Technologies Ltd. | Electrical power supply for motor vehicles |
US5444355A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1995-08-22 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging generator for a vehicle |
US5506492A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-04-09 | Harris; Ronald R. | High output alternator and regulator |
US5606244A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-02-25 | Ofer Energies Ltd. | Mobile AC power source system |
KR19980032727A (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1998-07-25 | 이데이노브유끼 | Power supply |
US5821737A (en) * | 1995-02-20 | 1998-10-13 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Independent high-voltage power supply for an internal-combustion engine, including an onboard d.c. source for use at low engine rpm's |
US6049198A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 2000-04-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Power supply device with two output voltages |
US6275012B1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-08-14 | C.E. Niehoff & Co. | Alternator with regulation of multiple voltage outputs |
US6384489B1 (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2002-05-07 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Energy supply circuit for a motor vehicle on-board electrical system having two voltage supply branches |
US6545884B2 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2003-04-08 | Ecoair Corp. | Alternator system |
US20040149740A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2004-08-05 | Kazuhito Kishi | Heating apparatus fixing apparatus and image forming apparatus |
US20040164716A1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-08-26 | Walter Richard T. | Generator with dual cycloconverter for 120/240 VAC operation |
US20060006847A1 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-12 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Alternator rectifier with coil-sensor controlled MOSFETs |
US20070080669A1 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Deere & Company, A Delaware Corporation | Dual voltage electrical system |
US20080061051A1 (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-13 | Traina John E | Method of heating and retaining heat in an internal combustion engine to improve fuel economy |
US20100244555A1 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2010-09-30 | Herbert Labitzke | Three phase generator |
US20110185206A1 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2011-07-28 | Drs Power & Control Technologies, Inc. | Multiple voltage generator and voltage regulation methodology for power dense integrated power systems |
US8823208B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2014-09-02 | C. E. Niehoff & Co. | Self-energizing voltage regulator with improved transient recovery |
US20170241308A1 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Oil maintenance strategy for electrified vehicles |
US20190067991A1 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-02-28 | On-Power, Inc. | Mobile power generation system including dual voltage generator |
US20220140665A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Fu-Hung Ho | Power Generator Separating Multiple Electric Sources |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5021727A (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1991-06-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power supply system for motor vehicle |
EP0325520A2 (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1989-07-26 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Dual tension supply circuit for an automotive vehicle |
EP0325520B1 (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1995-03-22 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Dual tension supply circuit for an automotive vehicle |
US4992672A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1991-02-12 | Peter Norton | Dual or single voltage vehicular power supply with improved switch driver and load pump |
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US5187349A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1993-02-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Defrost and passenger compartment heater system |
US5436509A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1995-07-25 | Energator Technologies Ltd. | Electrical power supply for motor vehicles |
US5247808A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1993-09-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Automotive air conditioning apparatus |
US5233286A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1993-08-03 | Sundstrand Corporation | Hybrid 270 volt DC system |
US5444355A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1995-08-22 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging generator for a vehicle |
US5321231A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1994-06-14 | General Motors Corporation | System for supplying power to an electrically heated catalyst |
US5334926A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-08-02 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Electric power system for automotive vehicle |
US5606244A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-02-25 | Ofer Energies Ltd. | Mobile AC power source system |
US5506492A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-04-09 | Harris; Ronald R. | High output alternator and regulator |
US5821737A (en) * | 1995-02-20 | 1998-10-13 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Independent high-voltage power supply for an internal-combustion engine, including an onboard d.c. source for use at low engine rpm's |
US6049198A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 2000-04-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Power supply device with two output voltages |
KR19980032727A (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1998-07-25 | 이데이노브유끼 | Power supply |
US5998975A (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1999-12-07 | Sony Corporation | Electric power supplying apparatus |
CN1086859C (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 2002-06-26 | 索尼公司 | Electric power supplying apparatus |
US6384489B1 (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2002-05-07 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Energy supply circuit for a motor vehicle on-board electrical system having two voltage supply branches |
US6275012B1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-08-14 | C.E. Niehoff & Co. | Alternator with regulation of multiple voltage outputs |
US6373230B2 (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2002-04-16 | C. E. Niehoff & Co. | Alternator with regulation of multiple voltage outputs |
US6545884B2 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2003-04-08 | Ecoair Corp. | Alternator system |
US7546050B2 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2009-06-09 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Fixing apparatus including a fixing roller and a pressurization roller |
US20040149740A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2004-08-05 | Kazuhito Kishi | Heating apparatus fixing apparatus and image forming apparatus |
US7247816B2 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2007-07-24 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Heating apparatus, fixing apparatus, and image forming apparatus |
US7002112B2 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2006-02-21 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Heating apparatus for increasing temperature in short period of time with minimum overshoot |
US20060091130A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2006-05-04 | Kazuhito Kishi | Heating apparatus, fixing apparatus, and image forming apparatus |
US7102331B2 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2006-09-05 | Black & Decker Inc. | Generator with dual cycloconverter for 120/240 VAC operation |
US20060250116A1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2006-11-09 | Walter Richard T | Generator with dual cycloconverter for 120/240 vac operation |
US7170261B2 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2007-01-30 | Black & Decker Inc. | Generator with dual cycloconverter for 120/240 VAC operation |
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