US468922A - Rufus g - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

R. G. STANBROUGH.

ARTIFICIAL TOOTH.

No. 468,922. Patented Feb. 16, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.v

RUFUS G. S'IANBROUGII, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AROBERT SEAMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

ARTIFICIAL TEETH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,922, dated February 16, 1892.

I Application tiled December 9, 1891l Serial No. 414,513. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RUFUs G. STANBROUGH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Artificial Crowns for Teeth, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of dental surgery in which what is technically known as an artificial denture is secured to the natural portion of a tooth.

Practically the object ot' my invention is to make the joint between such artificial denture, commonly called a crown, and the natural-tooth portion or root firm, smooth, and durable, and a further Objectis to accomplish this result expeditiously and in an artistic, economical, and reliable manner.

In the accompanying drawings, in the several figures of which like parts are designated by similar letters of reference, Figures l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 illustratethe various steps or operations by which the root or natural portion of the tooth is shaped and prepared to receive the artificial cap or crown. Fig. 9 is a cross-section of the artificial cap or crown; Fig. 10, a cross-section of the shaped and prepared natural portion or root of the tooth with the artificial cap or crown in position. Fig.

1l is an outline view, in side elevation,'of the artificial denture attached to the natural portion of the tooth.

In carrying out my invention the natural portion or root A of the tooth is first prepared to receive the artificial cap or crown in the following manner: I first remove the uneven portions of the natural tooth by filling, grinding, or burring it to a condition of regularity and exposing thel natural pulp-canal from which the pulp has been removed and the canal properly treated. I then enlarge the canal, forming a hole or cavity G therein by means of a drill H,Fig.1, following as nearly as possiblein the line of the direction C, through which the nerve and blood-vessels normally enter. After this hole or cavity G has been formed I employ a rose-reamer I, having a stem J, Fig.v2, and smooth off the irregulari` ties upon the outer or free end or natural portion of the root A. The stem J of this rosereamer I is of substantially the same diameter as the cavity G, so that it will act as a guideto the reamer during the operation of grinding or cutting away the irregular portion of the natural portion of the tooth to be treated. I then proceed to form on each side of the cavity G btwo smaller cavities M M. For this purpose I employ a specially-constructed cutting device for the drills, which consists of a circular plate D, having two openings therein E E provided with a stem Fof the same diameter, or substantially so, as the cavity G. This stem F is inserted in the cavity G and the plate D brought to bear against the free end of the natural portion of the tooth. I then employ a drill or drills K, which are operated to form in the root end or natural portion of the tooth A the holes or cavities M M. These smaller cavities are formed as closely as possible to the walls of the larger cavity G. After one of the smaller cavities has been formed-for instance M- I remove the drill and insert a steady-pinl L to hold the guiding device in place during the operation of forming the other cavity for instance, M. As a result of these operations, the root is now prov-idedwith a central cavity G and the two short cavities 'M M', (see Fig. 4,) respectively arranged closeltof the walls of the cavity G. I now employ the rose-reamer N, having a stem O of suitable dimensions to fit in the cavity lG, and by means of this reamer I cut away the walls between the cavity G and the cavities M M', thus forming at the outer extremity of the cavity G a cavity of the shape and cross-section shown at P in Fig. 5. I next by means of a tap Q screw-thread the cavity G, as shown in Fig. 5. I then form a true concave groove R in the root end by means of the mechanism shown in Fig. G, which consists of burring or cutting mechanism comprising revolving burrs or cutters V V, supported upon a shaft arranged in a suitable f rame and adapted to shape the root end, as may be desirable. The particular mechanism which I prefer to employ for this purpose is described in a concurrent application for` Letters Patent, and this mechanism, broadly stated, consists, es-

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` cured therein a tube Y, of suitable material sentially, of a guide or holder supported on the frame of the cutting-tool and arranged to enter-and adjust itself in cavities formed in the root end, whereby as the bu rrs or cutters operate they will be firmly held and continuously bear in a given direction to me-A chanically shape the root end. The guiding and cutting mechanism for this purpose which I prefer to employ consists of revolving burrs orcutters V V, carried on the shaft V', supported in a frame V2. The lower portions of this frame are provided with square grooves Vs and an extension V4, which is also grooved in line with the grooves V3. The guiding device of this mechanism comprises a bifurcated frame V5, which straddles the shaft, its lower portions entering the grooves V4 and extensions of said grooves and being exteriorly screw-threaded to engage a thumb-nut V, by means of which the two legs of the bifurcated :frame V5 are rigidly held in position in the frame V2. The principal portion of this bifurcated frame V5 is provided with a `projecting stein S, having arranged at its base a holder, technically called a-templet, which consists of a substantially circular central portion U, terminating in two semicircular lugs T T, diametrically arranged with relation to each other. The stem S is of suitable dimensions to enter and snugly t in the cavity G in the root end, and the lugs T T are of suitable dimensions to enter and snugly it in the cavity P. This templet or guide being properly inserted, as described, in the root end', and the burrs brought to bear against the outer end thereofthe operation of grinding or cutting away the root end so as to give it the proper shape-such, forinstance, as the concave groove R-is proceededwith. It will be observed that the templet positively directs the cutting mechanism, so that a true groove or shape may be given to the root end. This groove may be formed in any desired direction by adjusting the templet and thus regulating the cutting action of the burrs. I next take a screw-.threaded pin NV, of snitable diameter and length, and screw it into the screw-threadedhole G, as shown in Fig. 7.

The artificial crown or cap B, which may be of any suitable shape *andl of any suitable material, has placed into and properly seand shape. (See Figs. 8, 9, and l0.) This tube projects above the top of the crown B a distance equal to the depth of the cavity P,'

. ner: I take a small sheet X of some iexible substance-such, for instance, as metal foil-4 and press it tightly against the free end of the root A, as shown in Fig. 8. This sheet X is then removed and trimmed to the shape of l the root as indented upon it and is then laid upon the upper surface of the crown B, which may be thereupon tiled down and cut away or shaped to the exact contour of the sheet in any convenient manner. After the crown .B has been properly shaped, as described, it may be attached to the root A by cementing the parts together. After the crown B has been properly shaped and is ready for attachment to the root A in the manner described I prefer to employ a suitable material to fill and hermetically seal any interstices between the parts.

It is obvious that in the manner stated an artificial denture may be attached to the natural portion or root mechanically and rapidly and will be firmly and immovably iiXed in place and atv the same time have the appearance and answer all the purposes of a natural tooth. It is also obvious that my invention may be employedwith 'what is technically termed a bridge-that is to say, a device connecting two non-adjacent teeth between which a tooth or teeth are missingthe said bridge acting as a device to receive the artificial dentures, as hereinabove described. Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The herein-described process of attaching ar'tilicial crowns to the natural-.tooth portions or roots, which consists in first forming a central cavity in the root, reaming out the natural pulp-canal, then inserting the drillguide in said cavity and drilling smaller diametric cavities parallel to said central cavity, then removing the walls between the said central cavity and the diametric cavities, thus enlarging at the free end of the root the centrai cavity and-giving thesame the shape of a central circular orilice having diametric arc-shaped openings, then screw-threading the central cavity, then curving the free end of the root by a burring mechanism engaging and holding accurately in position in the central cavity and the enlarged endthereof, then insertingathreaded pin or post in the threaded central cavity, and finally inserting the projecting end of the said threaded pin or post in an artificial crown shaped to tit the root end and firmly uniting the same by cement, substantially as described. j

2.1An artificial tooth-crown having its top curved and provided with a tube secured in the body of said crown, but not extending through the same, said tube projecting from the top of the crown to engage and be secured in the root end, substantially as described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 22d day of December, A. D. 1890.

RUFUS Gr. STANBROUGII.

Witnesses:

E. R. KNowLEs, E. IRVING CARR.

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