US4676594A - Optical fiber mode scrambler - Google Patents
Optical fiber mode scrambler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4676594A US4676594A US06/671,932 US67193284A US4676594A US 4676594 A US4676594 A US 4676594A US 67193284 A US67193284 A US 67193284A US 4676594 A US4676594 A US 4676594A
- Authority
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- core
- mode
- groove
- multimode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical fiber mode scrambler and, more particularly, to an optical fiber mode scrambler achieved by forming a notch or groove in a multimode fiber orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the fiber, the notch extending through the cladding and at least minutely into the core of the multimode fiber on one side thereof. Additional mode scramblers in accordance with the present invention can be disposed along the length of the fiber.
- Mode scramblers for optical fibers have found important use to, for example, avoid any deviation in transmission characteristics at various points along the fiber and provide for the propagation of all the possible modes. They are becoming increasingly important in optical fiber Local Area Network applications to ensure that all terminals connected to a fiber bus can share information with each other by sufficiently mixing the modes carrying the communication so that each terminal receives an equal share.
- One type of mode scrambler for optical fibers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,067 issued to W. F. Love on Oct. 21, 1980.
- the optical waveguide scrambler includes a length of high-alpha optical waveguide optically coupled to a length of low-alpha optical waveguide to provide spatial and angular mixing of light propagating therethrough.
- optical fiber mode scrambler Another arrangement for an optical fiber mode scrambler is disclosed in, for example, the articles "Measurement of Baseband Frequency Response of Multimode Fibre By Using A New Type Of Mode Scrambler" by M. Tokuda et al in Electronic Letters, 3rd March 1977, Vol. 13, No. 5 at pages 146-147; and "Transmission Characteristics Of Multimode W-Type Optical Fiber: Experimental Study Of The Effect Of The Intermediate Layer" by K. Mikoshiba et al in Applied Optics, Vol. 17, No. 17, Sept., 17, 1978, at pages 2836-2841.
- the mode scrambler disclosed includes an optical fiber comprising specific sinusoidal serpentine bends.
- optical fiber mode scrambler Another form of an optical fiber mode scrambler is disclosed in, for example, the articles "Mode Scrambler For Optical Fibers” by M. Ikeda et al in Applied Optics, April 1977, Vol. 16, No. 4, at pages 1045-1049; and "Mode Scrambling Can Enhance Fiber Optic System Performance” by S. L. Storozum in Electronics, Feb. 24, 1981, Vol. 4, No. 54, at pages 163-166.
- the mode scrambler in these articles comprises a few fibers in a bundle surrounded by a heat shrinkable tube which when shrunk causes fiber microbending.
- Star couplers for providing mode transfer and enhancement are also well known and comprise a first plurality of fibers interconnected to a second plurality of fibers by means of a mixing element either comprising a planar waveguide section or formed by twisting and fusing the twisted waveguides together.
- a mixing element either comprising a planar waveguide section or formed by twisting and fusing the twisted waveguides together.
- the problem remaining in the prior art is to provide a mode scrambler in a multimode optical fiber which is simple to produce and provides a desired amount of mode scrambling with a minimal of loss.
- the foregoing problem has been solved according to the present invention which relates to an optical fiber mode scrambler and, more particularly, to an optical fiber mode scrambler achieved by forming a notch or groove on one side of a multimode fiber orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the fiber, the notch extending through the cladding and at least penetrating the outer surface of the core of the multimode fiber.
- a mode scrambler in optical fiber form which comprises a deformation as, for example, a notch or groove on one side of a multimode fiber where one or more of such mode scramblers may be disposed at selective points along a length of multimode fiber to ensure mode enhancement at these points.
- the mode scramblers can be formed by any technique as, for example, etching, machining, etc. By monitoring the mode pattern of a light communication signal propagating in the optical fiber during the formation of the deformation, the technique can be stopped whenever a desired mode pattern is achieved.
- FIG. 1 is a view in cross-section of a multimode optical fiber with a protective jacket including a mode scrambling notch or groove in accordance with the present invention and a device for monitoring the mode pattern of a signal propagating in the optical fiber; and
- FIG. 2 is a view in cross-section of a length of a multimode optical fiber with a protective jacket including a plurality of mode scramblers as shown in FIG. 1 disposed along the length of the fiber.
- FIG. 1 is a view in cross-section of a multimode optical fiber including a core 10 of a dielectric material as glass having a first refractive index, a cladding layer 11 surrounding core 10 comprising a dielectric material as glass of a second refractive index which is lower than the first refractive index of core 10, and a protective jacket 12 surrounding cladding layer 11.
- protective jacket 12 is generally found on optical fibers to protect the fiber from physical damage but is not a limitation of the present invention.
- a portion of protective jacket 12 is removed or peeled back without marring the fiber, and a groove or notch 13 is formed on one side of the fiber orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 14 of the fiber and through cladding layer 11 and at least slightly penetrating the outer surface of core 10.
- the removal of the cladding layer material and any material from core 10 can be performed by any suitable technique as, for example, etching or machining the fiber to obtain the desired depth for groove or notch 13.
- the groove or notch 13 only slightly mar or enter the outer surface of core 10 sufficient to provide a desired mode scrambling with a minimal loss.
- the depth of groove or notch 13 can be controlled by, for example, transmitting a light communication signal through the fiber while the etching or machining process is being performed and monitoring the mode pattern produced with a monitoring device 15 as shown in FIG. 1.
- the modes in, for example, a graded index multimode fiber will be concentrated towards the center of core 10 and the mode pattern will gradually expand in diameter to fill core 10 as the groove or notch 13 touches and then enters core 10.
- the process can be stopped at the point in time when the depth of groove or notch 13 causes the modes to fill the fiber.
- Monitoring can be performed by any suitable technique as, for example, allowing the mode pattern of the light communication signal propagating in the core to fall on a screen a short distance from the end of the fiber and viewing the mode pattern via a television camera connected to a television monitor for ease of observation.
- each groove or notch 13 can be formed to slightly enter core 10 and provide at least an enhanced scrambling of the modes in the fiber with a minimal loss.
- the grooves can be located circumferentially around the fiber.
- Each subsequent groove or notch similarly adds to the mode scrambling of the first groove with a minimal loss so that after the last groove, of the multiple grooves 13, total mode scrambling is achieved to fill core 10. It is to be understood that if a protective jacket 12 is removed or peeled back to form the present mode scrambler, then after the groove or notch 13 has been formed, the protective jacket can be replaced over the groove or notch 13.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/671,932 US4676594A (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | Optical fiber mode scrambler |
DE8585308141T DE3586622T2 (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1985-11-08 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FIBER OPTICAL FASHION MIXER. |
EP85308141A EP0182555B1 (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1985-11-08 | A method of providing an optical fibre mode scrambler |
CA000495492A CA1252663A (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1985-11-15 | Optical fiber mode scrambler |
JP60255168A JPH0746165B2 (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1985-11-15 | Fiber optic mode scrambler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/671,932 US4676594A (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | Optical fiber mode scrambler |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4676594A true US4676594A (en) | 1987-06-30 |
Family
ID=24696476
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/671,932 Expired - Lifetime US4676594A (en) | 1984-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | Optical fiber mode scrambler |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4676594A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0182555B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0746165B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1252663A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3586622T2 (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4765706A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-08-23 | American Telephone And Telegraph Co., At&T Bell Labs. | Optical communications system including a directional coupler |
US4810051A (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1989-03-07 | Thomas & Betts Corporation | Optical fiber modulator |
US4815805A (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-03-28 | Raychem Corp. | Dynamic range reduction using mode filter |
US4934787A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1990-06-19 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Mode scrambler |
US4974930A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1990-12-04 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Mode scrambler with non-invasive fabrication in an optical fiber's cladding |
US4989936A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-02-05 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Fabrication of optical components utilizing a laser |
US4998792A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-03-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fiber optic mode conditioner |
US5013119A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-05-07 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Fabrication of an integrated optical fiber bus |
US5026411A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-06-25 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Fabrication of optical couplers |
US5077814A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1991-12-31 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical transmission line for use in an optical communication system |
US5101090A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-03-31 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Methods and apparatus for making optical fiber couplers |
US5248311A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1993-09-28 | Michael Black | Fiber-optic probe for soft-tissue laser surgery |
US5267995A (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1993-12-07 | Pdt Systems | Optical waveguide with flexible tip |
US5293444A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1994-03-08 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Wavelength converter |
US5408551A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1995-04-18 | The Whitaker Corporation | Optical coupling device |
US5867616A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1999-02-02 | Corning Incorporated | Polarization mode coupled single mode waveguide |
US6088900A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2000-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for cutting light waveguide cables |
US6295161B1 (en) | 1997-08-23 | 2001-09-25 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Twin coupler with mode scrambling for multimode pumping of optical amplifiers |
US6408118B1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-06-18 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Optical waveguide gratings having roughened cladding for reduced short wavelength cladding mode loss |
US20030002795A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-02 | Norman Fisher | Fiber bragg grating fabrication method |
US20040233388A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-11-25 | Artsyukhovich Alexander N. | Variable spot size illuminator having a zoom lens |
US20050185418A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Chi-Tsung Peng | Plastic optical fiber bundle with pitched illumination decorations |
US20060024008A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-02-02 | Almantas Galvanauskas | Composite waveguide |
US20060147161A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2006-07-06 | Kim Mu G | Color optical link using transparently jacketed plastic optical fiber and method for achieving the same |
US20080205477A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-08-28 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
US20100103978A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-04-29 | Chung Lee | Pure silica core multimode fiber sensoes for dts appications |
US20110237910A1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Cas Medical Systems, Inc. | Stabilized multi-wavelength laser system for non-invasive spectrophotometric monitoring |
EP2807510A4 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-10-07 | Rofin Sinar Laser Gmbh | Fiber optic mode scrambler and a method of manufacturing thereof |
US9849034B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2017-12-26 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Retinal laser surgery |
US10365212B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2019-07-30 | Verity Instruments, Inc. | System and method for calibration of optical signals in semiconductor process systems |
US11054584B2 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-07-06 | Corning Research & Development Corporation | Mode coupling connector systems for multimode multicore optical fibers |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5411566A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1995-05-02 | At&T Corp. | Optical fiber spatial mode converter using periodic core deformation |
DE102015217425A1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Light-conducting device, measuring system and method for producing a light-conducting device |
Citations (8)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3891302A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-06-24 | Western Electric Co | Method of filtering modes in optical waveguides |
US4229067A (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1980-10-21 | Corning Glass Works | Optical waveguide mode scrambler |
US4362357A (en) * | 1979-04-12 | 1982-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical star coupler for multi-mode light conducting fibers |
US4372645A (en) * | 1978-03-10 | 1983-02-08 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Optical fiber with enhanced mode coupling |
US4449783A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1984-05-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical star coupler with a planar mixer element |
US4514057A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1985-04-30 | General Dynamics Pomona Division | Fiber optic coupler array and fabrication method |
US4558920A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1985-12-17 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Tapped optical fiber delay line |
US4630890A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1986-12-23 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Exposed core optical fibers, and method of making same |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4940750A (en) * | 1972-08-23 | 1974-04-16 | ||
GB1494535A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1977-12-07 | Post Office | Dielectric optical waveguides |
JPS54155849A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-08 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Mode filter for optical fibers |
DE3121135A1 (en) * | 1981-05-27 | 1982-12-16 | Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG, 8500 Nürnberg | Glass fibre mode mixer |
JPS58171019A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Optical fiber branching device |
JPS5937503A (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-01 | Nec Corp | Mode scrambler |
-
1984
- 1984-11-16 US US06/671,932 patent/US4676594A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1985
- 1985-11-08 EP EP85308141A patent/EP0182555B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-11-08 DE DE8585308141T patent/DE3586622T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-11-15 CA CA000495492A patent/CA1252663A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-11-15 JP JP60255168A patent/JPH0746165B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
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US3891302A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-06-24 | Western Electric Co | Method of filtering modes in optical waveguides |
US4372645A (en) * | 1978-03-10 | 1983-02-08 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Optical fiber with enhanced mode coupling |
US4229067A (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1980-10-21 | Corning Glass Works | Optical waveguide mode scrambler |
US4362357A (en) * | 1979-04-12 | 1982-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical star coupler for multi-mode light conducting fibers |
US4449783A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1984-05-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical star coupler with a planar mixer element |
US4558920A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1985-12-17 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Tapped optical fiber delay line |
US4514057A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1985-04-30 | General Dynamics Pomona Division | Fiber optic coupler array and fabrication method |
US4630890A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1986-12-23 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Exposed core optical fibers, and method of making same |
Non-Patent Citations (14)
Title |
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Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4765706A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-08-23 | American Telephone And Telegraph Co., At&T Bell Labs. | Optical communications system including a directional coupler |
US4810051A (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1989-03-07 | Thomas & Betts Corporation | Optical fiber modulator |
US4815805A (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-03-28 | Raychem Corp. | Dynamic range reduction using mode filter |
US4934787A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1990-06-19 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Mode scrambler |
US5077814A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1991-12-31 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical transmission line for use in an optical communication system |
US4974930A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1990-12-04 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Mode scrambler with non-invasive fabrication in an optical fiber's cladding |
US4989936A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-02-05 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Fabrication of optical components utilizing a laser |
US5026411A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-06-25 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Fabrication of optical couplers |
EP0435468A2 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-07-03 | AT&T Corp. | Fabrication of optical components utilizing a laser |
EP0435468B1 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1996-01-24 | AT&T Corp. | Fabrication of optical components utilizing a laser |
US5013119A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-05-07 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Fabrication of an integrated optical fiber bus |
US4998792A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-03-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fiber optic mode conditioner |
US5101090A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-03-31 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Methods and apparatus for making optical fiber couplers |
US5293444A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1994-03-08 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Wavelength converter |
US5408551A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1995-04-18 | The Whitaker Corporation | Optical coupling device |
US5267995A (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1993-12-07 | Pdt Systems | Optical waveguide with flexible tip |
US5248311A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1993-09-28 | Michael Black | Fiber-optic probe for soft-tissue laser surgery |
US5867616A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1999-02-02 | Corning Incorporated | Polarization mode coupled single mode waveguide |
US6088900A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2000-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for cutting light waveguide cables |
US6295161B1 (en) | 1997-08-23 | 2001-09-25 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Twin coupler with mode scrambling for multimode pumping of optical amplifiers |
US6408118B1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-06-18 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Optical waveguide gratings having roughened cladding for reduced short wavelength cladding mode loss |
US20030002795A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-02 | Norman Fisher | Fiber bragg grating fabrication method |
US6832025B2 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2004-12-14 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Fiber bragg grating fabrication method |
US20040233388A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-11-25 | Artsyukhovich Alexander N. | Variable spot size illuminator having a zoom lens |
US7150530B2 (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2006-12-19 | Alcon, Inc. | Variable spot size illuminator having a zoom lens |
US7311450B2 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2007-12-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Color optical link using transparently jacketed plastic optical fiber and method for achieving the same |
US20060147161A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2006-07-06 | Kim Mu G | Color optical link using transparently jacketed plastic optical fiber and method for achieving the same |
US20050185418A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Chi-Tsung Peng | Plastic optical fiber bundle with pitched illumination decorations |
US7424193B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2008-09-09 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Composite waveguide |
US8098970B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2012-01-17 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Composite waveguide |
US20090003788A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2009-01-01 | Almantas Galvanauskas | Composite waveguide |
US20060024008A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-02-02 | Almantas Galvanauskas | Composite waveguide |
US7809224B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2010-10-05 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Composite waveguide |
US20110024927A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2011-02-03 | Almantas Galvanauskas | Composite waveguide |
US20080205477A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-08-28 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
EP1672754A3 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-12-31 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
US7557985B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2009-07-07 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
US20100103978A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-04-29 | Chung Lee | Pure silica core multimode fiber sensoes for dts appications |
US8414186B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2013-04-09 | Sensortran, Inc. | Pure silica core multimode fiber sensors for DTS applications |
US20110237910A1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Cas Medical Systems, Inc. | Stabilized multi-wavelength laser system for non-invasive spectrophotometric monitoring |
US9849034B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2017-12-26 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Retinal laser surgery |
EP2807510A4 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-10-07 | Rofin Sinar Laser Gmbh | Fiber optic mode scrambler and a method of manufacturing thereof |
US10365212B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2019-07-30 | Verity Instruments, Inc. | System and method for calibration of optical signals in semiconductor process systems |
US11054584B2 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-07-06 | Corning Research & Development Corporation | Mode coupling connector systems for multimode multicore optical fibers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3586622D1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
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JPS61160705A (en) | 1986-07-21 |
JPH0746165B2 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
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EP0182555B1 (en) | 1992-09-09 |
CA1252663A (en) | 1989-04-18 |
EP0182555A2 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
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