US4651272A - Power transmission - Google Patents
Power transmission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4651272A US4651272A US06/740,481 US74048185A US4651272A US 4651272 A US4651272 A US 4651272A US 74048185 A US74048185 A US 74048185A US 4651272 A US4651272 A US 4651272A
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- United States
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- transfer function
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
- G05B13/024—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
- G05B13/0245—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance not using a perturbation signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41204—Compensation circuit for input, reference, before comparator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41205—Compensation circuit in speed feedback loop
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41278—Two current amplifiers, pumps for each direction of displacement, pushpull
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41318—Electro hydraulic drive, electric motor drives hydraulic actuator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41434—Feedforward FFW
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/42—Servomotor, servo controller kind till VSS
- G05B2219/42256—Sampling the signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to power transmissions, and more particularly to power servo control systems, e.g. electric, electropneumatic and/or electrohydraulic servo control systems.
- power servo control systems e.g. electric, electropneumatic and/or electrohydraulic servo control systems.
- a control system includes a sensor coupled to the hydraulic actuator for measuring load position, and a digital observer responsive to measured position for estimating velocity and acceleration. Signals indicative of measured and/or estimated state variables are compared with an input state command signal to obtain a difference of error signal which drives the actuator.
- the observer electronics includes a digital microprocessor suitably programmed to estimate the state variables as solutions to corresponding linear equations.
- a general object of the present invention is to provide a servo control system which is self-adaptive in operation, i.e. which periodically updates some or all system constants to accommodate changing conditions, and which is configured to obtain improved speed of calculation.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a servo control system which obtains the foregoing objectives, and yet remains economical and reliable to implement.
- sampled-data feedback control systems wherein control is obtained by sampling the various control and error signals at discrete periodic intervals.
- Sampled-data control systems of this character are to be distinguished from continuous analog control systems.
- sampled-data or Z-transform domain For purposes of disclosure and description, it is convenient to consider construction and operation of the sampled-data feedback control systems of the invention in the so-called sampled-data or Z-transform domain.
- Z transformation of system transfer functions yields rational polynomial ratios in the variable "Z".
- This variable is complex and is related to the more-recognized Laplace transform variable "S" by the equation
- a sampled-data control system receives and samples input signals indicative of desired and actual motion at a hydraulic actuator and load, and provides control signals to the actuator necessary to obtain desired motion.
- the sampled-data control system includes digital processing circuitry with series and feedback compensation, coordinated with hydraulic system behavior function, to form a complete closed-loop control system operating in the sampled-data or Z-transform domain. Difference equation constants in the series and feedback compensation circuitry are recalculated at each sampling interval. In one embodiment of the invention, such constants are recalculated as a function of system behavior, so that system control automatically varies with operating conditions or load. In another embodiment of the invention, system constants are calculated based upon a single operator-variable (or remote system) input, which accommodates rapid operator-implemented tracking of system behavior while reducing calculation time.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a basic electrohydraulic servo control system in accordance with the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a basic hydraulic control system in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a more detailed functional block diagram of the sampled-data digital controller in FIG. 2 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a detailed functional block diagram of the sampled-data digital controller of FIG. 2 in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 is a fragmentary block diagram illustrating a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graphic illustration of operation of a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic drawing of an electronic controller in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional position command electrohydraulic servo control system 10 as comprising a valve actuator system or plant 12, which includes an electrohydraulic valve coupled by an actuator to a load.
- the actuator system including the load, is characterized by an inertial mass and spring elasticity.
- a position sensor or transducer 14 is suitably mechanically coupled to the actuator and load to provide an electrical output signal Y as a function of actual actuator and load position.
- a position command or reference signal R from an operator joystick 15, for example is fed to a summer 16, which provides an error signal E as a function of the difference between the command signal R and the actual position signal Y.
- the error signal E fed through a suitable amplifier having gain 18, controls operation of actuator 12. It will be appreciated that summer 16 and gain 18 would typically be combined in a single amplifier.
- System 12 and transducer 14 may be of any suitable types, and indeed may be contained within a single assembly.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an electrohydraulic servo control system 20 embodying a sampled-data digital controller 22 in accordance with the present invention.
- a first sample-and-hold circuit 24 receives and samples command signal R from joystick 15, and provides a corresponding Z-transformed output signal R(Z) in the sampled-data domain.
- a second sample-and-hold circuit 26 receives and samples position signal Y from sensor 14, and provides a corresponding Z-transformed output signal Y(Z) in the sampled-data domain.
- a feedback compensator 28 receives the output Y(Z) of circuit 26 and provides a compensation signal Q(Z) to one input of a summer 30.
- Summer 30 receives a second input R(Z) from circuit 24, and provides a difference or error signal E(Z) to a series compensator 32.
- Compensator 32 provides a command signal U(Z) through a zero-order-hold circuit 33 to plant 12.
- the orders of the Z-domain transfer functions of compensators 28, 32 are selected to obtain desired step response and computation time.
- the transfer function of compensator 28 is: ##EQU4## and the transfer function of compensator 32 is: ##EQU5## where G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , C 1 , C 2 and C 3 are constants, and P(Z) is a polynomial in Z which, in the preferred embodiments of the invention hereinafter discussed, is set equal to unity.
- First and second order polynomials for the transfer function of compensator 32 are also contemplated.
- the transfer function of plant 12 is of order N in the Z-domain, with N being an integer greater than one
- the transfer function of compensator 28 is of order N-1
- the transfer function of compensator 32 is N or less (i.e., not greater than N).
- equation (10) can be solved for constants G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a modified controller 34 wherein the constants ⁇ , B 1 and B 2 are continuously estimated and updated based upon system performance, and the internal transfer function constants C 1 ,C 2 , C 3 and G 1 ,G 2 ,G 3 are likesise updated to obtain desired performance.
- an identifier 36 receives the Z-transformed position output Y(Z) of circuit 26 (FIG. 2) and the Z-domain command signal U(Z) from compensator 32.
- Identifier 32 estimates constants ⁇ ,B 1 and B 2 as will be described, and feeds such estimated constants to the circuit block 38 wherein constants C 1 ,C 2 ,C 3 and G 1 ,G 2 ,G 3 are calculated per equation (10). The latter constants are then fed to associated compensators 32,28.
- identifier 36 estimates constants ⁇ ,B 1 and B 2 periodically as a function of command signal U(Z) and system response Y(Z) thereto over a number of preceding intervals corresponding to the order of the system. More specifically, at sample time (KT-2T), the discrete equation of plant 12 is: ##EQU8## At time (KT-T), such equation is: ##EQU9## And at time (kT): ##EQU10## Equations (11)-(13) may be combined and rearranged as follows: ##EQU11## The values of Y(Z) and U(Z) are physically sampled and stored over the required number of intervals, i.e. six for a third order plant, and constants, ⁇ , B 1 and B 2 are estimated accordingly per equation (14).
- Equation (4)-(6) Estimation of constants ⁇ , B 1 and B 2 per equation (14) has been found to be more time-consuming than desirable for real-time control applications. It will be noted from equations (4)-(6) that B 1 and B 2 can be determined from ⁇ based upon the common factor ⁇ . In accordance with a modification to be discussed, identifier 36 (FIG. 3) first estimates ⁇ , and then estimates B 1 and B 2 from ⁇ . However, such computation based upon equations (4)-(6) involving trigometric functions would be too time consuming. Accordingly, equations (4)-(6) are first rewritten using Taylor series expansion, and neglecting higher-order terms, as follows: ##EQU12## Defining ( ⁇ T) 2 as Y, and solving equation (15) for Y yields
- FIG. 4 illustrates a modification to FIG. 3 wherein a modified identifier 40 receives a single input indicative of constant ⁇ from an adjustable resistor 42. Constants B 1 ,B 2 are calculated per equations (18)-(20). This modification is thus semi-automatic in that all system constants are derived from a single operator-adjustable input. It will be appreciated that the ⁇ -indicating input to identifier 40 could also be fed from a remotely located control system or the like.
- the modification of FIG. 4 has the advantage of eliminating the time consuming solution for from matrix equation (14).
- FIG. 4 may be made semi-adaptive by means of the modification of FIG. 5 wherein the modified identifier 44 additionally receives an input U(Z) from compensator 32.
- graph 46 illustrates position Y versus compensated command signal U (in the time domain) for an optimally tuned system. It will be noted that command signal U, which is a function of error E, is substantially free of oscillations.
- Graph 48 in FIG. 6 illustrates response of a system which is not properly tuned, i.e. wherein ⁇ set by resistor 42 (FIG. 5) is not properly set.
- Modified identifier 44 tunes the ⁇ input from resistor 42 to provide a modified constant ⁇ ', as well as constants B 1 , B 2 , to calculator 38.
- modified identifier 44 is self-adaptive in set-up and continuous operation.
- FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic drawing of a presently preferred embodiment of a microprocessor-based electronic controller, and a corresponding computer program in Intel 8051 machine language for implementing the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 (operator selectable) is appended to this specification.
- the R(Z),U(Z) and ⁇ inputs are connected through multiplexer circuitry 50 to a serial input port of an Intel 8051 microprocessor 52.
- Microprocessor 52 which possesses internal program memory, is connected through a latch 54 and a decoder 56 to a pair of 4K memory modules 58,60.
- the output port of microprocesor 52 is connected through an amplifier 62 to the valve actuator coil 64 of plant 12.
- identifier 40 (FIG. 4) or 44 (FIG. 5)
- compensators 28,32, constant calculator 38 and zero order hold circuit 33 illustrated functionally in FIGS. 4 and 5 are all contained within programmed microprocessor 52 and associated memory.
Abstract
Description
Z=e.sup.TS ( 1)
Y=6±2(3α).sup.1/2 (18)
Claims (18)
G.sub.1 Z.sup.2 +G.sub.2 Z+G.sub.3
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/740,481 US4651272A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1985-06-03 | Power transmission |
CA000510287A CA1239683A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-05-29 | Power transmission |
EP86107400A EP0204277B1 (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-05-31 | Power transmission |
CN86103672.7A CN1010510B (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-05-31 | Power transmission |
DE8686107400T DE3672308D1 (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-05-31 | POWER TRANSFER. |
JP61127853A JPH0795243B2 (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-06-02 | Power servo device |
IN426/CAL/86A IN163737B (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-06-06 | |
US06/938,259 US4774651A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-12-05 | Power transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/740,481 US4651272A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1985-06-03 | Power transmission |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/938,259 Continuation-In-Part US4774651A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1986-12-05 | Power transmission |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4651272A true US4651272A (en) | 1987-03-17 |
Family
ID=24976700
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/740,481 Expired - Lifetime US4651272A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1985-06-03 | Power transmission |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4651272A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0204277B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0795243B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1010510B (en) |
CA (1) | CA1239683A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3672308D1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN163737B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4742285A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1988-05-03 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Full follow-up type servo-system |
US4774651A (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1988-09-27 | Vickers, Incorporated | Power transmission |
US4792739A (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-12-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | High-accuracy position detection apparatus |
US5043863A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1991-08-27 | The Foxboro Company | Multivariable adaptive feedforward controller |
US5347204A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1994-09-13 | Honeywell Inc. | Position dependent rate dampening in any active hand controller |
US5541833A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1996-07-30 | The Foxboro Company | Multivariable feedforward adaptive controller |
WO2004102298A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-25 | National University Of Singapore | Damper system |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4748393A (en) * | 1987-02-04 | 1988-05-31 | Ampex Corporation | Positive feedback position servo |
DE3882402T2 (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1994-03-03 | Hitachi Construction Machinery | Drive control system for hydraulic machine. |
JPH0199485A (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1989-04-18 | Toshiba Corp | Controlling device for servo motor |
JP2652023B2 (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1997-09-10 | カヤバ工業株式会社 | Hydraulic flow control method for hydraulic device having single rod cylinder |
US4893066A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-01-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Hybrid sample rate servo motor controller |
JP3053144B2 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2000-06-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Printer carriage motor controller |
EP0738945A3 (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 1997-02-26 | Gemo 1991 Aps | Rack |
JP5265976B2 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Measuring machine |
CN103389647B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2017-03-08 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of cascade compensation coordinates type controller with feedback of status |
CN113282002A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-20 | 浙江奉天电子有限公司 | Power control optimization method based on closed-loop control algorithm |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4338659A (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1982-07-06 | Fujitsu Fanuc Ltd. | Position control system for a closed loop type numerical-controlled machine tool |
US4396975A (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1983-08-02 | Fujitsu Fanuc Limited | Position control system for a closed loop type numerical-controlled machine tool |
US4577271A (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1986-03-18 | International Cybernetics Corporation | Sampled data servo control system |
US4581699A (en) * | 1982-09-14 | 1986-04-08 | Vickers, Incorporated | Power transmission |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1523552A1 (en) * | 1965-10-14 | 1969-04-03 | Licentia Gmbh | Scanning system of any order with a scanning controller that gives this system deadbeat response |
US4243923A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1981-01-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Servo-controlled mobility device |
US4349868A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-09-14 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Sampled control loop with dynamic gain optimization |
AU528431B2 (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1983-04-28 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Process control |
-
1985
- 1985-06-03 US US06/740,481 patent/US4651272A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-05-29 CA CA000510287A patent/CA1239683A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-31 CN CN86103672.7A patent/CN1010510B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-31 EP EP86107400A patent/EP0204277B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-05-31 DE DE8686107400T patent/DE3672308D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-02 JP JP61127853A patent/JPH0795243B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-06 IN IN426/CAL/86A patent/IN163737B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4338659A (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1982-07-06 | Fujitsu Fanuc Ltd. | Position control system for a closed loop type numerical-controlled machine tool |
US4396975A (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1983-08-02 | Fujitsu Fanuc Limited | Position control system for a closed loop type numerical-controlled machine tool |
US4581699A (en) * | 1982-09-14 | 1986-04-08 | Vickers, Incorporated | Power transmission |
US4577271A (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1986-03-18 | International Cybernetics Corporation | Sampled data servo control system |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4774651A (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1988-09-27 | Vickers, Incorporated | Power transmission |
US4742285A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1988-05-03 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Full follow-up type servo-system |
US4792739A (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-12-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | High-accuracy position detection apparatus |
US5043863A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1991-08-27 | The Foxboro Company | Multivariable adaptive feedforward controller |
US5541833A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1996-07-30 | The Foxboro Company | Multivariable feedforward adaptive controller |
US5347204A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1994-09-13 | Honeywell Inc. | Position dependent rate dampening in any active hand controller |
WO2004102298A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-25 | National University Of Singapore | Damper system |
US20050007059A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2005-01-13 | Chew Chee Meng | Damper system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN86103672A (en) | 1987-01-07 |
EP0204277A1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
IN163737B (en) | 1988-11-05 |
CA1239683A (en) | 1988-07-26 |
JPS61282902A (en) | 1986-12-13 |
EP0204277B1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
CN1010510B (en) | 1990-11-21 |
DE3672308D1 (en) | 1990-08-02 |
JPH0795243B2 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
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