US465031A - Ernest g - Google Patents
Ernest g Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US465031A US465031A US465031DA US465031A US 465031 A US465031 A US 465031A US 465031D A US465031D A US 465031DA US 465031 A US465031 A US 465031A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tetrachloride
- oil
- carbon
- bisulphide
- ernest
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 38
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon tetrachloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon bisulphide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010007134 Candida infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- HJPOKQICBCJGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-J [C+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical compound [C+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] HJPOKQICBCJGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 230000003444 anaesthetic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
Definitions
- Seeds and other materials have been deprived of their oil and grease by means of carbon bisulphide applied to dissolve out the oil. This is preferably done in a series of vessels, or what is commonly known in the art as methodical treatment, the fresh carbon bisulphide in such case attacking the nearlyexhausted seed or other material and the nearly-saturated bisulphide being made to act last on nearly fresh seed or other material, the carbon bisulphide being afterward distilled from the grease. There are several disadvantages in this process which have prevented its general adoption.
- carbon tetrachloride I may employ the same apparatus, and the same steps that are now employed for the extraction of oil with carbonbisulphide,exce ptthatI substitute for the latterthe tetrachloride.
- the old apparatus and process are known in various slightly-modified forms to every practical chemist 'of the present day.
- One of the procedures in which the carbon tetrachloride may be employed is to provide a series of closed receivers to contain the seeds or other material to be treated. The tetrachloride will be passed through the receivers in succession, commencing with that containing the nearly-exhausted material and ending with that containing fresh material.
- the coil vaporizes the tetrachloride, which rises through the material and extracts the oil, which percolates down with the tetrachloride into the space below the false bottom.
- the base being hotter than any other part, the tetrachloride is again vaporized, leaving the oil behind. This goes on repeatedly and continuously until the greater part of the oil is extracted.
- the apparatus is then permitted to cool and the tetrachloride and oil delivered into a vessel, where they are separated.
- tetrachloride carbon as a solvent in my process is not only advantageous as compared with bisulphide of carbon,- but also as compared with any other solvent known at the present day-such, for example, as chloride of methyl or chloroform.
- Chloride of methyl is a gas under ordinary circumstances and can be used only under pressure, so that its use would demand a totally different apparatus and be commercially impractical in the methodical process.
- a gas like chloride of methyl is used under pressure, the risk of loss is infinitely greater than when a comparatively stable liquid is used.
- the risk of accident is tremendous and the breakage of a pipe or other cause of leakage would be attended with fatal results to workmen in the vicinity.
- Chloroform is absolutely useless for the practical or commercial extraction of oil. Its boiling-point is 62 centigrade, far below that of tetrachloride of carbon. This is an exceedingly important diflference, as the greater the specific gravity or density of the solvent the more marked is the difference between it and the specific gravity of the solution of oil therein. Consequently with the tetrachloride there is far greater tendency for the solvent as it becomes saturated with the oil to rise to the top.
- chloroform being very volatile as compared with the tetrachloride, there is much less waste in using the latter. Moreover, the use of chloroform is attended with very great danger by reason of the anaesthetic vapors given oft, whereas the vapor of tetrachloride at ordinary temperatures will not act antesthetically except under long and continuous exposure thereto. It will be observed, therefore, that the employment of tetrachloride is highly advantageous not. only as regards economy of manufacture and safety to the at tendants, but also as to the quality of the product.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ERNEST G. SCOT, OF PORT SUNLIGHT, NEAR BIRKENHEAD, ENGLAND,
' ASSIGNOR TO LEVER BROS, OF SAME PLACE.
PROCESS OF EXTRACTING OIL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,031, dated December 15, 1891;
I Application filed June 29, 1889. Serial No. 316,057- (No specimens.)
To all whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ERNEST GEORGE SCOTT, of Port Sunlight, near Birkenhead, in the county of Chester, England, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in the Process of Extract-ing Oils, of which the following is a specification.
Seeds and other materials have been deprived of their oil and grease by means of carbon bisulphide applied to dissolve out the oil. This is preferably done in a series of vessels, or what is commonly known in the art as methodical treatment, the fresh carbon bisulphide in such case attacking the nearlyexhausted seed or other material and the nearly-saturated bisulphide being made to act last on nearly fresh seed or other material, the carbon bisulphide being afterward distilled from the grease. There are several disadvantages in this process which have prevented its general adoption. They are principally that the fumes of carbon bisulphide are very disagreeable and deleterious to the health of the workmen; second, that they are very inflammable, and, third, that they leave a very disagreeable odor or taste in the oil or grease obtained, making it useless for manypurposes. Now I have discovered that by thesubstitu tion of carbon tetrachloride for carbon bisulphide very great advantages are attained,both in the course of manufacture and in the character of the product, the disagreeable and poisonous fumes being avoided, the danger of fire by the use of tetrachloride is superior to that obtained by the use of bisulphide.
In making use of carbon tetrachloride I may employ the same apparatus, and the same steps that are now employed for the extraction of oil with carbonbisulphide,exce ptthatI substitute for the latterthe tetrachloride. The old apparatus and process are known in various slightly-modified forms to every practical chemist 'of the present day. One of the procedures in which the carbon tetrachloride may be employed is to provide a series of closed receivers to contain the seeds or other material to be treated. The tetrachloride will be passed through the receivers in succession, commencing with that containing the nearly-exhausted material and ending with that containing fresh material. Thus the more saturated tetraehloride will take up the oil from the freshest material and the fresh tetrachloride Will take up the oil from the nearlyexhausted material. When the material in one receiver is exhausted, it is cut ofi from the rest and a fresh receiver connected to the end of the series. The receiver which is cut off has steam passed through it to blow out the fluid contents, after which the saturated tetrachloride of carbon is distilled. off, leaving the oil behind. The material from which the oil is to be extracted is sustained in areceiver upon a false bottom and the tetrachloride placed in the bottom with a heating appliance usually a steam-coil. The coil vaporizes the tetrachloride, which rises through the material and extracts the oil, which percolates down with the tetrachloride into the space below the false bottom. The base being hotter than any other part, the tetrachloride is again vaporized, leaving the oil behind. This goes on repeatedly and continuously until the greater part of the oil is extracted. The apparatus is then permitted to cool and the tetrachloride and oil delivered into a vessel, where they are separated.
The employment of tetrachloride carbon as a solvent in my process is not only advantageous as compared with bisulphide of carbon,- but also as compared with any other solvent known at the present day-such, for example, as chloride of methyl or chloroform.
Chloride of methyl is a gas under ordinary circumstances and can be used only under pressure, so that its use would demand a totally different apparatus and be commercially impractical in the methodical process. where, too, a gas like chloride of methyl is used under pressure, the risk of loss is infinitely greater than when a comparatively stable liquid is used. Moreover, the risk of accident is tremendous and the breakage of a pipe or other cause of leakage would be attended with fatal results to workmen in the vicinity.
Chloroform is absolutely useless for the practical or commercial extraction of oil. Its boiling-point is 62 centigrade, far below that of tetrachloride of carbon. This is an exceedingly important diflference, as the greater the specific gravity or density of the solvent the more marked is the difference between it and the specific gravity of the solution of oil therein. Consequently with the tetrachloride there is far greater tendency for the solvent as it becomes saturated with the oil to rise to the top. The result is that with chloroform it is practically impossible, even with the methodical process, to get a thoroughly-saturated solution, except by very long contacts and a great number of chambers, while with tetrachloride of carbon, owing to its specific gravity, the solution rises to the top, so that by the use of one or two chambers a saturated solution may be obtained. Thus a great reduction in the size and cost of the plant is permitted with a corresponding cost in the cost of maintenance and in leakage.
Again, chloroform being very volatile as compared with the tetrachloride, there is much less waste in using the latter. Moreover, the use of chloroform is attended with very great danger by reason of the anaesthetic vapors given oft, whereas the vapor of tetrachloride at ordinary temperatures will not act antesthetically except under long and continuous exposure thereto. It will be observed, therefore, that the employment of tetrachloride is highly advantageous not. only as regards economy of manufacture and safety to the at tendants, but also as to the quality of the product.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. As an improvement in the art of extracting oil or grease from seeds or other substances, digesting the said materials with carbon tetrachloride until the oil or grease is ex- .two subscribing witnesses.
ERNEST c. soor'r.
\Vitnesses:
JOSEPH J. Korean, H. P. SHOOBRIDGE.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US465031A true US465031A (en) | 1891-12-15 |
Family
ID=2533897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US465031D Expired - Lifetime US465031A (en) | Ernest g |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US465031A (en) |
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0
- US US465031D patent/US465031A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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