US461659A - wieschina - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. WIRSGHING & R. SOHEFBAUER. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

N0.461,659. Patented 0ct.20, 1891.

zaW as am m m EWMQW (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. WIRSGHING & R. SOHEPBAUER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

vwawl ooy Q, 116 210 I f awqf k Patented O0t.20,1891.

tdMLa/Hy/t p wilmaooeo (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. A. WIRSGHING 85 R. SOHEFBAUER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 461,659. atented Oct. 20, 1891.

awvawliom UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,659, dated October 20, 1891.

Application filed November 15, 1890. Serial No. 371,577. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALOYs XVIRSCHING, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, county and State of New York, and RUPERT SOHEFBAUER, a subject of the Elm 'peror of Germany, residing at New York,

county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrio-Arc Lamps, of which the followingis such a full, clear, and exact description as will enable any one skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

e have invented an arc lamp having certain novel features of construction which improve both the appearance and the operation of apparatus of this class. Our des1gn has been to construct a lamp the regulation of which should be simple and practically without sudden or spasmodic movements such as interfere with the satisfactory working of are lamps generally. To this end we have devised a novel regulating or adjusting apparatus, which will be fully described in the specification which follows. Our lamp s also adapted to different kinds of circuits with no changes of construction. In carrying out our invention we have had in mind, also, the external appearance of the lamp, and we have given it an attractive contour.

A complete idea of our invention can be obtained from a study of the following specification,taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a part of our lamp, showing the feeding mechanism, i11- cluding a solenoid and the clock mechanism. Fig. 2 is a front elevation showing the same parts from a point at right angles to the view in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side view of the lamp, showing the lower portion thereof in detail. Fig. 4 is asectional view taken along line l 4- in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail view, as hereinafter described. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are views showing the different windings for different installations and voltage.

The same letters and numerals represent the same parts in all of the figures.

At A is shown a cylindrical casing inclosing the main working parts of our lamp.

Vithin this casing is'a frame 13, consisting of two similar standards placed opposite each other. The standards are secured at the bottom to a plate 0, and at the top are pressed upon by a plate or ring D, which is provided centrally with a bushing (Z, as shown. The bushing is internally screw-threaded to receive the similarly-threaded lower end of the interior wall of a solenoid E, as shown. The part which we have called the interior wall ofthe solenoid projects beyond the solenoid proper and is screw-threaded for the purpose indicated. We have designated this portion of the solenoid as the interior wall to distinguish it from the movable core F, to which reference will be made hereinafter. The upper end of the solenoid is formed into a screw-thread, to which is secured the tube G, surrounding the carbon rod or carrier H. A brass cap .1 fits over the top of this tube and is provided with an eye j, by means of which the lamp may be suspended. A plate 15 at the upper end of solenoid E fits in the upper end of the cylindrical casing A, and an annular plate or collar 16, ornamentally shaped, is placed about the base of tube G and caps the upper end of the casing A, as shown in the drawings. Now the core F of the solenoid is hollow, and the carbon rod or carrier ll passes through it. The said rod also passes below the core between the uprights of the frame B. The rod is rectangular in crosssection, and is serrated on one side or edge, so as to form, practically, a rack-bar, and the rack engages with a pinion 72., as seen clearly in Fig. 1. Now the pinion referred to is mounted in a movable U-shaped frame I l, the latter being itself pivoted near its open end by means of the set-screws 2' t in the frame B. This is most clearly shown in Fig. 4c. The pinion h is mounted on a shaft 0, and by its side on the same shaft are a ratchet K and a gear-wheel L. The latter engages with a simple train consisting of a pinion M and an escapement-wheel N, with which an cscapement n co-operates in the usual manner. Connected with the escapement n is a balanced lever 2), the top of which is segmental in shape and notched or serrated, as shown in Fig. 1. Now the closed end of the frame I l is connected by a link 0 with a lever P,

pivoted at q and connected at its opposite end by a pivot to the core F, as shown. A detent or lever Q is pivoted atone endto the frame 13 and extends out over the upper end of the balanced lever 13. On the detent or lever Q is formed a tooth r, which engages with one of the notches or serrations on the upper end of the balanced lever 19 and prevents all movement of the clock mechanism while so engaging. The iron core F is thus supplied at its lowest end with a lever constructionwvhich reduces the up-and-down motion of said iron core, changing a one-half or three-fourths inch movement of the core into a one-sixteenth or one-eighth inch movement of the carbon-rod.

From the foregoing it is evident that the clock-work of our lamp is pivoted in the frame I I and that the latter is movable, its movements depending upon the position of the core F of the solenoid. When the latter is down, as it is in the normal condition of the lamp, with the carbon points separated, the clock-work is raised far enough to be stopped or detained by the tooth r of the detent Q. l/Vhen, however, the solenoid core is raised, the clock-work will be depressed far enough to pass out of' engagement with the toot-ho", whereupon the Weight of the carbon and the carbon-rod will be sufficient to cause both to descend slowly and establish contact between the two carbons. This action will be referred to again in connection with a description of the complete operation of the lamp. It should be understood, however, that the carbon rod or carrier is kept in perfect alignment by means of the guidance furnished by the bearings at the upper end of the solenoid and the lower end of the frame Bthat is, the plate 0. Below the plate 0 and insulated therefrom is a plate R, of cast-brass, to which are-screwed the rods S and S, the formerof which is hollow and contains a wire 8, leading to the lower carbon. These rods are connected at their lower ends with the cross-piece T, also of cast brass, and well insulated from the rods. In the lower cross-piece is an oval or oblong slot 75, within which the lower-carbon holder U is adapted to slide or be adjusted. The top of the carbon-holder is cut through to form the clutch. The said carbon-holder is provided with a cylindrical portion at the top, which is reamed out to receive the lower carbon and is slitted or split. Below this point it is made conical in shape and below that again cylindrical and solid, and on this last-named portion it is screw-threaded and adapted to receive a jam-nut V. This is shown in Fig. 3. In being put into place it is passed through a plate W, resting 011 the cross-piece T, which plate NV hasa circular opening and fits about, say, the middle portion of the cone. Now it is evident that if the jam-nut be put on and screwed up tight the split part of the carbon-holder will be compressed and will grasp tightly the lower end of the carbon. Owing to the presence of the oblong slot, the lower carbon can be adjusted so as to be brought into perfect alignment with the upper, even if the latter should notbe straight.

The binding-posts are shown at X and 'Y, X being the entering-post and Y the exitpost. These are insulated from the plates C and R, as shown in Fig. 2. The solenoid E is differentially wound, the upper part being wound with fine wire, so as to make a high resistance, and the lower part being wound with coarser wire. Now the circuit after passing the binding-post X divides, a part of it going through the fine-wire coils and thence directly to the binding-post Y and part going through the main-current winding of the solenoid E and thence to the frame and clockwork, as a contact for the carbon-rod H, and

is carried through the same to the upper or positive carbon and from this through the arc or by direct contact with the lower carbon to the lower-carbon holder U, and thence by the connection-wire in the side rod S upward to the negative post Y. (See Figs. 3 and 6.)

Now the action of the lamp is as follows, it being understood that the carbons are normally separated and that it is first necessary to have the circuit established through the carbons by dropping the upper one into contact with the lower: The core F is in its lowermost position before the current is turned on. As soon as the circuit is closed the current begins to pass through the finewire coils, but not through the main circuit, owing to the great resistance offered by the air-space between the carbon points. Practically all the current goes through the fine wire, thus causing the core to be lifted and consequently the clock-frame to be carrie down, as before described. Accordingly the carbon-rod, together with the carbon, will slowly descend until contact is made between the two carbons. At this moment, however, the majority of the current (practically all of it) will pass through the main circuit, whereby the lower part of the solenoid will become e11- ergized. This will cause a sudden dropping ot' the core F and a sudden lifting of the clock-frame, together with the carbon-rod and carbon. At the extremity of the lift the escapement or the lever connected with it will be caught by the tooth o of detent Q and the clock-work will be stopped. The distance through which the carbon is drawn by this throw or sudden movement can be regulated by means of a nut .2 on a screw-rod Z, secured in the plate or ring D, (see Fig. 1,) the nut and rod serving to regulate or limit the range of movement of the detent Q. Anyinfluence tending to disturb the balance between the two sets of coils of the solenoid will adjust itself in the manner indicated, the principle being that of the \Vheatstone bridge or balance. Thus when the arc becomes too long and the resistance by that path too great, the current or a greater portion of it will pass into the line-wire coil and exactly the same process above described will be repeated when placed in series andin direct high ten sion or hi gh-tension alternating circuits. In case of a total destruction of the carbons or any radical irreparable detriment to the lamp it will be seen that the lamp cuts itself out by means of devices now to be described. These consist of a contact 1, formed on a projection from the lower end of the core, co-operating with a contact 2 on an arm 3, connected with the wire leading to the post Y. In this way the main wire is connected through the carbon-rod and the core with the negative binding-post without passing through the carbons. A cut-out is thus formed which will admit of other lamps in the same circuit being operated without injurous effects on account of the destruction of any given lamp.

The remaining new features of our apparatus relate to the appearance of the same and to the devices for holding the globe in place or rendering it adjustable at will. These latter will be seen in Fig. 3, where a hood 4 is shown, into which the upper end of the globe 1O normally extends. At 5 5 are shown bent guides, to which are riveted springs 6 6, which springs are provided near their tops with pins 7 7. Now this aggregation of parts, consisting of the guides or arms 5 5 and the springs 6 6, is adapted to be moved up and down upon the hood and the rods in an obvious manner. To assist in the manipulation, the springs are bent over at the top. The globe 10 is held in place by tap-screws 8 S, which pass through the lower ends of the guides and springs. hen the globe is fully raised, the pins 7 7 pass through openings 9 in the hood andhold it in position. The hood at is perforated to ventilate the globe, which is provided at its lower opening with a removable cap 20, formed in suitable ornamental design and secured to the globe by means of thumb-screws 21. This bottom plate 20 is also formed with ventilating-perforations, and it gives a pleasing finish to the appearance of the lamp.

Such is the lamp which we have invented in its ordinary form and construction. \Vhen it is desired to use our lamp in an incandescent circuit with continuous current, it is desirable to place the lamp-resistance in the smallest possible space and at the same time to utilize it by regulating the lamp. In such cases the resistance is laid around the main winding of the solenoid coil with more or less resistance, according to the strength of the current. In high-tension circuits the construction is the same. The solenoid is supplied only with tension-winding of high resistance because such winding as a shunt permits more variation of the current and regu-. lates particularly upon constant tension, ontirely preventing any flickering or spasmodic action in the lamp. The main winding is entirely left off in order to reduce the resistance in the line and to consume all the current that may be at disposal in the are. This form appears in Fig. 6 and has a cut-out.

For lamps to he used with alternating current from the machine direct with high tension and in series the winding is differential in the main and shunt, with the least possible resistance in the main coil, and in accordance with the strength of the current heavy wire is used, while only very thin wire is taken for the shunt. A cut-out is applied to this form of winding, which is shown in Fig. 7.

For lamps to be used with transformers with fifty volts the construction remains the same in general, only it is wound as a maincurrent lamp and has therefore no shunt; but the lamp-resistance is put in the main circuit. This winding illustrated in Fig. 8 employs no cut-out.

It will be understood that cut-outs are to be used only with the high-tension direct or high-tension alternating currents.

Having thus described our improvements in electric-arc lamps, what we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in an arc lamp, of a solenoid having a hollow core, a carbon-carrier passing through the said core, a clockwork mounted in a pivoted frame and engagin g with said carrier, and the compound lever or link devices joining the said pivoted frame to the said hollow core, for the purpose set forth.

2. An electric-arc lamp having a rim extending from the casing proper of the lamp, rods depending from said lamp within said rim for supporting the lower carbon, retaining devices adapted to be removably secured to said rim, means for carrying at the lower end thereof a globe which makes a tight joint with said rim and incloses said rods, and arms extending from said retaining devices and loosely engaging the said rods for guiding and holding in place the globe in its lowered position, for the purpose set forth.

The combination, with the hood 4. or its equivalent, of the springs G,guides 5,carbonrods S S, and devices for attaching thelampglobe, as set forth.

L. The combination of a solenoid, a hollow core in said solenoid,acarbon-carrier passing through said hollow core, aclock-train mounted in a pivoted frame and engaging with said carrier, a detent for said clock-train, and a compound lever connection between the pivoted frame and the hollow core, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

5. The combination of a solenoid, a hollow core within said solenoid, a carbon-carrier passing through said hollow core, a clock-train mounted in a pivoted frame and engaging with said carrier, an escapement for said clock-train, a toothed segment 011 said escapement, a pivoted detent engaging with said segment, an adjustable stop for said detent, and a compound lever connection between the pivoted frame and the hollow core, sub stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination of a solenoid, a hollow IIO core located within said solenoid and provided with a projection at its lower end, a carbon-carrier passing through said hollow core, a clock-train mounted in apivoted frame and engaging with said carrier, a detent for said clock-train, a compound lever connection between the pivoted frame and the lower end of the core, and a contact-spring adapted to make contact'with the projection on the core, so as to cutout the lamp, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination, with the casing, of an electric-arc lamp having an annular perforated hood at its lower end, fixed rods depending from said casing for supporting the lowercarbon,a rim attached to the upper end ALOYS WIRSCHING. RUPERT SGHEFBAUER. \Vitnesses:

E. L. KOLB, WILLIS FOWLER.

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