US461471A - Art of telegraphy - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1,

I E. GRAY.

ARTDP TELEGRAPHY.

No, 461,471. Patented Oct. 20,1891.

' Ewen 71 (No Model'.) 7 Sheets-Sheet; 2. E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

No. 461,471. PatentedOct. 2 0, 1891.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Shqet 3. E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

No. 461,471. Patented. 0011.20, 1891.

p m? In 9 5M :1, 7M M v (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E. GRAY. ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

No. 461,471.. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 5. E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

Patented 001;.20, 1891.

m: News vrYzns cm, mow- .1mm. msmuswn n. c.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY. No. 461,471. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets Sheet '7 E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY. 110,461,471. Patented O0t.20,1891.

NrTEn STATES ATENT OFFICE.

ELISHA GRAY, OF HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

SIPIECI'FICATIOIS. forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,471, dated October 20, 1891.

Application filed July 19, 1889. Serial No. 318,091. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELISHA GRAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Highland Park, county of Lake, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Telegraphy, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to wri't-ing-telegraphs of that class in which the act of writing a message at the sending-station operates to reproduce it at the receiving-station, a form of which is shown in my prior patents, Nos. 386,814: and 386,815, dated July 31, 1888.

My present application relates,particularly, to improvements in the art of telegraphic communication, and has for its object to secure greater speed in transmission and greater accuracyin the reproduction of characters transmitted than have been heretofore attained.

It is a Well-known fact that pulsations of successively opposite polarity can be sent over a lineavire with greater rapidityand certainty of effect than pulsations of successively like polarity. In my system as heretofore patented by me the pulsations used to operate the receiving-pen were pulsations of the latter sort. It is 'a feature of importance in my present improvements that pulsations of successively opposite polarity are employed. The movement of the transmitting-pen in either of two directions, preferably at nearly right angles to each other, produces a succession of these pulsations in two electric circuits, the number of pulsations in the respective circuits being determined by the distance which the pen is moved in the respective directions and the speed of succession of the pulsations varying with .the rapidity of movement of the transmitting-pen. In the apparatus shown, but which is not claimed herein as a part of or necessary to my present invention, these pulsations do not directly operate the motors which move the receiving pen, as do the pulsations sent to line in the systems of my priorpatents. In the organization herein shown a constant strain is produced upon the apparatus which drives the receiving-pen, this strain originating in a motor or revolving shaft operated independently as regards its source of power of the transmitting-instrument, and the application of this power to the driving o'fthereceivingpen is governed by means of an escapement operated by the pulsations above referred to. Thus each pulsation sent over line will permit the receiving-pen to advance a space corresponding to one-half a tooth of the escapement-wheel, and as each pulsation represents a certain definite space traversed by the transmitting-pen and each tooth of the governing escapement-wheel of the receiver represents a certain definite space over which the receiving-pen is driven the movements of the transmitting-pen will be reproduced with almost absolute accuracy by the receivingpen.

lhe devices above referred to'provide for a reproduction of motion of the transmittingpen in two directions crosswise of each other. For the purpose of reversing the direction of movement of the receiving-pen upon reversal of the direction of movement of the trans mitting-pen it is a part of my present invention to cause a temporary change or variation in the condition of the line-current. As described in the present application, this change or variation consists of a temporary increase in the current strength; but I do not confine myself to that particular change or variation. This method of causing the reversal of the receiving-pen may be employed whether pulsations of successively opposite polarity are ,used for driving the receiving-pen, as herein shown, or pulsations of successively the same polarity are used, as shown in my said former patents.

The process and the apparatus herein shown by means of which it is carried out will now he described at length, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which t Figure l is a plan view of the transmitter and receiver. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the table on line 2 2 of Fig. 1, relaymagnets P P and the motor, however, being shown out of their proper position. Fig. 3 is an end view of the paper-shifting magnet, showing the drum-cylinder and connected parts. Figs. 4 and 5 are views on an enlarged scale of the intcrrupters and connected parts. Figs. 6 and 7 are plan and side views of the unison and paper-shifting switch. Figs. 8, 9, and represent, on an enlarged scale, an improved pen-rack. Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation taken on about the line 11 11 of Fig. 1., the point of view being in the foreground of the latter figure. Fig. 11 is a side and rear view of the magnet controlling the motor-circuit and connected parts. Fig. 12 is a side View, on an enlarged scale, of the governing reversible escapement-magnet. Fig. 13 is a plan view of the escapement of said magnet. Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively side and sectional elevations, on an enlarged scale,

, of the reversing escapement commutator and magnet. Fig. 16 is a detail view of the commutator contact-brushes bearing on the commutator. Figs. 17 and 17 are diagrams showing the circuits and circuit connections between a transmitting and a receiving instrument at opposite ends of line-wires.

In my system as now organized I prefer to place the transmitting and receiving instruments in close proximity and so arranged with reference to each other that a single sheet of paper is used for making the copies of messages transmitted and for recording messages received. I have therefore shown the transmitting and the receiving instruments associated together in Fig. 1.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 4, 5, 17, and 17, the principal features of the transmitter will be described. This instrument consists, primarily, of the transmitting-pen A, which is moved by the operator to form the characters or other matter to be transmitted. This pen, as I have statedin my former patents, may be a simple handle of convenient form or a pen or pencil with which a copy of the message transmitted is made, and it is therefore termed a pen 5 but this term, wherever used in a general sense, is to be understood as including any writinginstrum-ent or a simple handle of convenient form.

The pen A is connected .at its tip to two cords or other flexible connections 63 64, which extend horizontally crosswise of each other and are connected to operate the two circuit-changing devices B O, termed herein interruptersfl located in the two electric circuits 1) c, termed main circuits, and so arranged that as the pen A is moved in the direction of the cord 63 and interrupter B or -in the opposite direction pulsations are produced in the circuit 1) in quick succession, varying in number with the linear extent of movement of the pen A and varying in speed of succession with the rapidity of such movement, while as the pen is moved in the direction of the cord 6% and interrupter O or in the opposite direction in forming the characters pulsations are produced in circuit 0 in the same manner. In my former telautograph patents the interrupters are so placed with reference to the transmitting-pen that the connecting-cords 63 6 1 extend in directions approximately parallel and perpendicular to the line of characters traced by the transmitting-pen. In my present organization, however, I place the interrupter-s in such positions that the cords will have a diagonal location about midway between lines perpendicular to and parallel with the line of writing. By this organization the steps causing the perpendicular and horizontal movements of the pen, which are the movements naturally made most rapidly-in writing, are divided between the two halves of the machine, thus enabling a much greater speed to be attained without increasing the working capacity of either circuit. This organization also makes possible a greater degree of compactness in the apparatus, and thereby the use of one strip of paper for the transmitting and receiving instruments at the same end of line.

The function of the interrupters in my present transmittinginstrument is not only to cause pulsations in the main-line circuits, but to cause those pulsations to be of successively-opposite polarity. That this may be effected each main circuit is provided with two batteries, one at the transmitting and one at the receiving end, so placed in line as to be opposed to each other in polarity, the one at the transmitting end being of about treble the strength of the other. The larger batteries in the two circuits are designated, (see Figs. 17 and 17%) respectively,-Z and Z, and the smaller batteries, respectively, z and z. The interrupter is so arranged as to shunt the larger battery out of line at short intervals.

The two interrupters B C and their auxiliaries and circuit connections are exact duplicates, and a. description of one of them therefore applies to both.

Each of the cords 63 64 is connected to and wound upon a small drum 65, (see Figs. 1, 4, and 5,) fixed upon one of its sides to a shaft 66. To the other side of the drum is attached a bracket 67. The outer end of this bracket rests upon a pivot 68, and the upperend of the shaft 66 is in contact with a pivot 69. The drum is thus mounted so as to revolve between the pivots 68 69. To the shaft 66 is attached a spring 70, which is wound upon the shaft and tends to revolve the drum in the direction opposite to the pull of the pen upon the cords 63 64. Pivoted between the lower face of the drum and the bracket 67 and in line with the shaft 66 is another shaft 71, to which is attached an arm 72, which carries the revolving brush 73. The movement of the arm 72 upon its shaft 7.1 is limited between stops 74 75, fixed to the drum, (see Fig. 5,) one of which 75, as shown, is preferably adjustable. The face of the disk over which the brush 73 sweeps is provided with a series of channels or cutslocated in proximity and containing pieces of insulating material 76, the widthof each channel or cut being preferably about the same as that of the adjacent exposed metal surface between it and too the next channel. Each main-line circuit divides before reaching the interrupter, (see Fig. 17,) one branch passing through the battery Z or Z at the transmitting end of line and to earth, the other branch connecting with the metal disk of the interrupter. The brush 73 has a permanent connection to earth. When,therefore', the brush is in contact with the metal surface of the disk, the battery Z or Z will be cut out and the battery 2 or 2 at the receiving end of the line will alone be in circuit. )Vhen, however, the brush 73 rests upon a portion of the insulating material, the branch through the interrupter will be broken and both batteries Z or Z and z or 2 will be in circuit, their polarity being, as before stated, opposed to each other. In this condition the current of the smaller battery will be overcome and the polarity of the current on line determined by the large battery. The strength of the larger batteries is preferably made about treble that of the smaller batteries, so that the effective current on line is the same (except in polarity) when both batteries are in circuit as when the smaller battery alone is in circuit, and the effect on the receiving-instrument will be in both cases the same. The revolution of the brush over the face of the disk will thus cause upon line a succession of pulsations of opposite polarity and substantially equal effective strength,

the number and rapidity of the pulsations being determined by the extent and rapidity of the movement of the brush. The mounting of the brush with reference to the drum gives the brush an independent motion, the amount of this motion being adjustable by means of the adjustable stop 75. It results that in practice whenever the motion of the pen reverses the rotation of the drum the brush will not begin to move in a reverse direction until the drum has so moved a distance corresponding to the amount of independent motion of the arm 72 between the stops 7% 75. The object of this independent or lost motionof the brush will be stated hereinafter.

The transmitting-instrument is provided with two devices, one for each circuit, which I term increase-current controllers, each of which acts automatically and momentarily to increase the amount of current passingover its main line whenever the movement of the transmittingpen is reversed with reference to that line. Each increase-controller consists of twoelectro-magnets or spools D E and D E, (see Figs. 1 and 17,) provided with lugs 79 80 and armatures 81 82. These lugs are of soft iron and are in contact with the core passing through the helix of each magnet and extend out to the periphery of the same. Each armature is trunnioned in the usual manner and extends from one of the lugs 79 80 to the other in close proximity to but not in actual contactwith them. armature's are provided with the usual springs and front and back contact-points, which The regulate their strokes to and from their re- I spective magnets. The two magnets of each pair D E and D E are mounted in line with each other, with sufficient space between them for a third armature 83 83, respectively'common to them both and provided with limiting contact-screws 84 85. This armature is without a spring and is attracted alternately by the two spools. Each of the increase-controllers is provided with a local circuit d and a local battery g. See Fig. 17.) Both of these circuits are shown in detail in Fig. 17; but as they are precisely alike the description will be confined to the circuit at of increase-controller D E. In circuit d is circuit making and breaking arm- 36, frictionally mounted upon the drum-shaft 66 of the interrupter B (see Fig. 4) and having a limited motion between contact-stops 87 88. From arm 86- the circuit passes by wires 61 and Z to a contact-point 19 and circuit-breaking arm 15, (the purpose of which will be hereinafter stated,) thence by wires Z and d to battery g and armature 83.- It will be noted that the wires Z Z are common to the circuits of both increase-controllers. From armature 83 the circuit has two branches, one (designated by d) including the coil of magnet D and connecting with the stop 87 and the other (designated by (1) including the coil of magnet E and connecting with stop 88. The branch wiref connects the stop 84 on one side of the armature 83 with the wire d at a point beyond] the magnet D, forming a shunt around the same, and a wire f in a similar manner forms a shunt around the magnet E to the Wire cl. Each of the circuits 1) c normally includes a resistance R; but a shunt around the resistance is provided for the circuit b when either of the armatures 81 or 82 is on its front stop, and a like shunt is provided for the circuit 0 when either of the corresponding armatures of increase-controller D E is on its front stop, as shown by the connections in Fig. 17. hen the mo tion of the pen is reversed and it is caused to move in the direction of the arrow on Fig. 17that is, from theinterrupter Bthe arm 86 will at the moment. of reversal come into contact with the stop 87, which will close the circuit cl through the magnet D. The armature 81 will be attracted to its front stop, and at the same time the common armature 83 will be attracted against the stop 8i. As soon as armature 83 strikes stop 84 the magnet D will be demagnetized, because of the shunt closed through wire f, and the armature 81 will fall back to its back point, while the armature 83, having no spring and being held by residual magnetism, will remain in its position until the next reversal of the pen motion causes the arm 86 to rock against the point 88, when the magnet E will be charged, drawing back the armature 88,

an d,in a manner similar to that just described,

momentarily attracting its armature'82. It

ITS

rest normally on their back points and only momentarily touch the front pointsfirst one and then the other-at the moment the Writing is reversed. The effect of the momentary advance of the armature 81 or 82 is to close the shunt before referred to around the resistance R in the main line, thus causing a strong impulse to momentarily pass through the line, this strong impulse effecting a reversal in the writing at the receiving end in a manner hereinafter described.

The operation of the transmitter as thus far described is as follows: The operator takes the penA in his hand and forms the characters in propersequence in the usual manner, moving the pen up and down and from left to right the same as in ordinary writing. As the pen makes the downstrokes in forming the characters the cords 63 (let will be unwound from the drums of the interrupters B 0, thereby rotating the drum and its shaft and moving the brush 73 over the disk 89 and causing a succession of pulsations of opposite polarity over the circuits 1) c in quick wind cords 64 and move the brushes '73 in the reverse direction, causing pulsations upon the two main circuits in the same manner. 50 long as the movement of the pen recedes from either of the interrupters, as B, the shaft 66 will continue to revolve in onedirection and the arm 86 will be held against the stop 87 and the pulsations on the line will pass through the resistance R. As soon, however, as the movement of the pen is reversed-i. 6., changed from a motion from the interrupter B to a motion of approach to the interrupter the movement of the shaft 66 Will be reversed and the arm 86 will be caused to rest against the contact 88, thereby momentarily energizing magnet E, drawing up armature 82, and sending a'strong pulsation over the line b; and this strong pulsation will be sent'over line b as often as reversal in the direction of movement of the pen with reference to the interrupter B occurs. .The same succession of operations occurs in connection with the circuit a, interrupter 0, increase -controller D E, and connected parts upon each reversal ofthe direction of movement of the transmitting pen with reference to the interrupter C.

The purpose of the independent or lost motion in the arm 72 and brush 73, heretofore .vision for lost motion in the brush 73 is not absolutely essential for perfect writing, but

prevents possible loss of steps at the receiving end when the writing is done at a high rate of speed, and is therefore a preferred construction.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 2,11, 12, 13, 14,15,16, 17, and 17,the principal features of the receiver will be described; The receiving-pen G is a writing-instrument of any suitable form for recording the message. The term pen, therefore, as applied to this instrument is to be understood as including any form of writing-instrument; In the case shown a fountain-pen is employed, which is composed of a tube of glass of very fine or capillary bore, having its end formed into a writing-point. This pen is supplied by a piece of flexible rubber tubing, which runs through the tubular pen-arm 21 and connects by means of a preferably flexible capillary tube 92, with the ink-well 91, as described in my former patents. The pen-arms 21 and 22 are made of light metal tubing hinged at the point 23 immediately over 'the point of the pen. Each of the arms 2-1 22 is provided with a cord 93, attached to the arm at each end and having a turn about adrum 94. Motion is given to the receiving-pen by the revo lution of these drums 94:, and this revolution is effected in correspondence with the movements of the transmitting-pen by means of a mechanism which will be presently described. The receiving-pen arms are so adjusted with reference to the pen and the cords upon the drum that the distance from the receivingpen to the hinging-point or drum 94 of either of its pen-arms will be equal, when the transmitting and receiving instruments are in unison, to the length of the unwound cord connecting the transmitting-pen with the drum of the interrupter upon the same side of the instrument. This organization causes the transmitting and receiving pens to swing in arcs having the same radii, and consequently to that extent insures an exact reproduction by the receiving-pen of the movement of the transmitting-pen. It will be observed that this advantage is in part secured by the transfer of the circuit-changing arm 86 to the shaft of the interrupter from a position between the interrupter and the transmitting-pen.

The revolution of the drums to move the receiving-pen is effected in my present organization by power derived from a motor 95, (see Fig. 11,) and theapplication of the power of the motor to the pen-drums is controlled by a reversible escapement governed by the pulsations sent over the line, as above described. The motor may be of any suitable construction, the form which I prefer and which is shown in this application being an electric motor. The shaft 96 of this motor is geared to two distinct shafts, one on each side of the receiving-instrument-one for each of the pen-drums 9-1. As the two shafts with their connected parts are identical in construction, but one set thereof is described lIO ' stated.

and shown in full-to wit, that upon the lefthand' side of the machine as it appears in these sets of devices. The shaft 30 (see Fig. 11)

is trunnioned between screws 31 32 and passes loosely through the hubs of the two bevel gear-- wheels 28 29. Fastened to each of the gearwheels 28 and 29, one for each wheel, are the soft-iron disks 3') 31. Fast on the shaft 30 and on either side of the wheels 28 29 are two clutch-magnets X Y, (the corresponding clutch-magnets on the-right-hand side of the receiver being designated in Fig. 17 by the letters X Y, respectively,) which are fastened to and revolve with the shaft 30. The shaft 30 is preferably of brass, the cores of the clutch-magnets being made of soft iron and bored out of such size as to allow the shafts to slip into the hole and fit tightly therein. The head of each magnet-spool at the end nearest the bevel gear-wheel is made of hard rubber, and also the outer shell or covering is of soft iron, as is the head of the spool farthest from said gear-wheel. The end of this shell next to the gear-wheel and also the end of the core project forward a short distance beyond the head and come into contact with the iron disk fastened to the wheel. Both of these magnets X Y, with their connected parts, are exactly alike. Meshing with the twobevel gear-wheels 28 29 is a third bevel gear-wheel 27, mounted upon a trunnioned shaft 98, which carries the receiving-drum 94: and an escapement-wheel 26. The pallets 105 of this escapement-wheel (see Fig. 13) are preferably made adjustable to and from each other and are attached to the armature 99 of a magnet H, (the corresponding magnet on the other side of the instrument being designated H.) This magnet is a polarized relay constructed on the principle of the well-known Siemens relay, with the exception that the polarizing-coil K (the corresponding coil on the other side of the instrument being designated K) is an electro-magnet and not a permanent magnet, for a purpose hereinafter The soft-iron core 101 of the magnet K is extended upward, and upon it is trunnioned the arm 99. The other end-of the core is connected by soft-iron connecting-pieces 102 103 and bracket 104 with the soft-iron cores of the spools of magnet H. The angles of the faces of the escapement-pallets 105 and also those on the faces of the escape-wheel teeth are preferably made the same, so that the escape-wheel will be reversible and operate in either direction with equal facility upon the reversal of the strain which tends to move it.

The two wheels 28 and 29 are each provided with a lost-motion spring 106 107, (see Fig. 11,) which serve to give the wheels a normal tendency to revolve in the same direction in which they are propelled by the motor and keep them consequently always in driving contact with the cogs of the wheel 27;

of wheel 27.

The use of these springs is made possible because of the fact that the wheels 28 29 are preferably made of such a size that they need never be moved continuously in one direction for more than one revolution, a complete 1'0- tation of either of these wheels correspond' ing to the extreme range of movement of the receiving-pen in its field, and because of-the further fact that the gear-wheel 27 so connects the wheels 28 29 that that one of these two wheels whichis not clutched to the motor-shaft is drivenbackward by the one which is operating the receiving-pen throughthe agency It results that each of the twov wheels 28 29 revolves to and fro upon the shaft 30, first in onedirection and then in the other and always within the limit of a single revolution, and that consequently the lost-motion springs will remain permanently in their proper relation to the hubs upon which they are wound. It is not essential to the operation of my system that the range of the movement of the wheels 28 29 should be restricted to a single rotation; but it is a preferred construction, for the reason that pins 205 may be placed upon these wheels, adapted to come in contact with fixed stops 206 at the extreme limits of motion of the receivingpen, whereby maintaining unison between the transmitting and receiving-instruments is aided, as hereinafter stated.

The direction o rotation given to the drum 94, and consequently the direction of movement given to the receiving-pen thereby, will be determined by the existence of magnetism in the coils of one or the other of the two clutch-magnets X Y. The mechanism for determining which one of these coils receives a current will next be described.

Situated in the main lines, one for each line b c, are two magnets JJ, (see Figs. 1, 11, 1t, and 15,) of ordinary construction. Magnet J, which alone need be described in detail, has an armature 108, trunnioned in the ordinary way and carrying upon its end pallets 109, similar to the pallets 105, already described, which engage with an escape-wheel 110, the teeth of which are like those of wheel 26, above described, mounted upon a hub 111, which may be of insulating material loosely mounted upon the shaft 80. To the hub 111 are fixed two commutator-disks 112 113, (see Figs. 11, 14, and 15,) which disks are insu lated from each other by the insulating material of hub 11 or otherwise and from the shaft 30, as 'shown'iu Figs. 14 and 15, each of these commutators consisting of a metal disk having a rim set with sectionsof insulating material alternating with metallic sections in metallic connection with the disk. Attached to the armature-lever 108 are two springs 38 39,which ride lightly upon the commutators. Outside of eachcommutator and upon shaft 30 are two contact-collars 114: 115, made of insulating material. One of these collars 115 is rigidly attached to the'shaft,

and the other 1141s feathered upon it, so as upon the shaft to cause the com'mutators' to move with the shaft when permitted by the escapement. A lock-nut 116 is provided hehind the collar 114, by the use of which the collar may be set backward or forward upon the shaftto secure the proper degree of friction between the shaft and the com mutators. The commutator-springs 38 39 are so adjusted that one of them rests upon a metallic section of one commutator, while the other rests upon an insulating-section of the other commutator. Both of these springs areinsulated from the armature 108. A circuit h,passing through a local battery t', connects with the shaft 30, with which there is in electrical contact one end of the coil of clutch-magnet X, the other end of the coil of this magnet being connected through insulated wire a with the contact-springs on collar 114:. One end of the coil of clutch-magnet Y is also in electrical contact with the shaft 30, and the other end of this coil connects by means of wire (1, passing through the center of shaft 30 and insulated therefrom, with the contact-springs on collarlld. (See Fig. 11.) It willbe understood that the circuits of the clutch-magnets may be made in the manner indicated or in any other convenient way. It results that when the spring 38' is in contact with a metallic segmenttof its commutator clutch-magnet Y is in circuit with the local battery 2', the clutchmagnet X being cut out of circuit, and that when spring 39 rests upon a metallic segment of its commutator clutch-magnet X is in circuitwith the local battery 2', clutch-magnet Y being then cut out.

The operation of the mechanism thus far described. will now be stated.

The motor-shaft 96,'being continually in retation while a message is beingreceived, gives constant rotation to the shafts 30. When one or the other of the clutch-magnets X Y is energized, the end of its core and shell lying in contact with the disk 33 or 34 becomes magnetic and causes the disk to adhere to it with greater or less force, according to the strength of the local battery. Under such circumstances the attached bevel gear-wheel 28 or 29 is given a tendency to revolve in the same direction as the shaft and will communicate that tendency to the escape-wheel 26 and drum 94. This tendency to revolve will, however, be checked when the line-currentis on by the escapement pallets 105 engaging with the teeth of the escape-wheel'26, except when the armature 99, carrying the pallets, oscillates. The-pulsations of successively-opposite polar- These collars carry springs,

ity sent to line from the transmitter cause a change of magnetic polarity in the poles within the two coils of magnet l-l, causing the armature 99 to be drawn first to one side and then to the other, giving an oscillating motion to the pallets, causing the restraint upon the receiving-pen to be suspended at regular successive intervals and permitting the escape-wheel 26 to revolve step by step-one step for each pulsationin the direction in which the constant strain of the motorimpels it. The strength of the battery used to charge the clutclrmagnets X Y is so regulated that when the pallets 105 are at rest with a linecurrent on the clutch magnet will rotate against the disk 33 or 34 with a friction not great enough to overcome the resistance offered by the pallets, but yet sufficient to carry the pen-drum with its attachment, when released by the pallets 105, in whichever direction the particular clutch-magnet which is energized may determine. NV hen a reversal occurs in the direction of motion of the transmitting-pen, astrong pulsation is sent to line through the agency of-the increase-controller in the manner above described, and this pulsation affects the magnet J, which is so organized that it does not respond to the ordinary pulsations. The armature 108 of this magnet is attracted and the com mutators 112 113 are permitted to advance by the space of one tooth of the escapement-wheel110. That one of the springs 38 39 which prior to this strong pulsation was in contact with a metallic segment is now in contact with an in-' sulating-segment, and vice versa, and it follows that the circuit of the local battery 1' has been broken through that one of the magnets X Y which was previously in circuit and closed through that one which was'previously out of circuit. A tendency to rotate in a reverse direction will therefore be imparted to the shaft 98 and drum 94 and its pen-carrying arm 21, and this direction of motion will continue until another strong impulse is sent over the line.

On referring to Figs. 17 and 17 it will be seen that when the transmitting-pen is moving in the direction indicated by arrow numbered-2 and the motor 95 at the receiving end is causing the shaft 30 to revolve in a direction which when observed from the right-hand end is opposite to the movement 'of the hands of a watch, the two instruments being in unison, the spring 39 will be in contact with a metallic segment of its commutator, closing the circuit of battery i through clutch-magnet X, revolving the drum 94 on the left-hand side of the instrument in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 17. Upon reversal the operation of the increase-controller D E, operating upon the magnet J, throws spring 39 onto an insulating-segment and spring 38 onto a metallic segment,

IIO

cuttin in ma net Y and cuttin out ma O D D b relay H K, similar to the relay H K, and con ncctions such as above described, the effect of the ordinary pulsations and the occasionally strong pulsations over that line upon the pen-carrying arm 22, operated from the other pen-drivingdrum 94,is the same as that which has been just above described with reference to pen-carrying arm21.

The purpose of attaching the springs 38 39 to the armature 108 will now be stated.

It is desirable that the change of the clutchcircuit from one clutch to the other-should be made in the quickest possible time after,

the pulsation of increased strength has been senttoline from the transmitter. The length of the stroke of the armature 108 is so adjusted and the springs 38 39 are so mounted upon it with reference to the metallic and insulating segments of the commutator-disks upon which they bear that when the armature begins to move the spring which was on an insulating-segment is thrown onto a metallic segment and the spring that was on a metallic segment is thrown onto an insulatingsegment without waiting for the reversing-escapement to act. It results from this arrangement that the clutches X Y are, in fact, reversed before the reversiug-escapement acts, the action of the escapement simply causing the changed condition to continue until the next reversal occurs, and increased speed of writing is thus secured.

It has now been explained how the movement of the transmitting-pen in a direction to or from either of the interrupters B C will cause the receiving-pen to move in the same direction, the movement of the latter pen being made up of a series of short steps. It is apparent that, as with the system described in m yform er patents, any movementof the transmitting-pen in a direction intermediate be tween these two directions will cause the receiving-pen to move in a corresponding direction, but with a movement made up of a number of steps taken at right angles to or crosswise of each other, the relative number of steps ineachdirection depending upon theobliquity of the movement of the transmitting-pen. The

' receiving-pen is thus caused to substantially follow anymovement of the transmitting-pen, and thus reproduce a substantial fac-simile of whatever is written or traced by the latter. The use of the escapement accurately defines the length of each step of the, receiving-instrument, and,in connection with the equality in radial distance bet-ween the pens and the pivotal points of the cords and arms at the transmitting and receiving stations, respectively, which I now secure, insures the substantially accurate reproduction at the receiving-station of the writing of the sender.

The mechanism for causing the receivingpen to be raised and lowered in accordance upon a platen 117, (see Fig. 2.) which in turn rests upon a spring-supported plate 118, which in its normal position rests against a contactpoint 120, but when depressed by the pressure of the transmitting-pen in writing swings on a pivot and meets contact-point 119. (See Figs. 2 and 17.) A circuit m connects the support 118 with local battery it and armature 121, placed between the two coils MN of the temporary circuit -breaker. Thence the circuit divides and returns on the one side.

through wires m and the c il of. magnet M to stop 120 and on the other side through wires m and the coil of magnet N to stop 119. The armature 121 vibrates between contact-stops 122 and 123, and a sh unt-wire 0 connects stop 122 with the wire m around the coil of magnet M, and a shunt o connects stop 123 with wire m around the coil N. Main line b, after leaving the increase controller D E, passes through the armature 126 of coil M and its contact-stop 125. Main line 0, after leaving the increase-controller D E, passes through contact-stop 127 and armature 126 of magnet N. The weight of the transmitting-pen in writing a message depressesthe support 118 against contact 119, closes the circuit on m" through the magnet N, and attracts the armature 126, causing a break in main-line circuit 0. This break is only momentary, since the armature .121 is simultaneously attracted to the magnet N and the shunt around the coils of this magnet through wire 0 is closed. The armature 126 returns to its back-stop 127 and the main-line circuit 0 is again closed. \Vhen the transmitting-pen is raised from the paper, support 118 rises,the circuit mm is closed through coil M, and the main-line circuit 12 is momentarily broken in like manner. The etfect of these breaks at the receiving end of the line will presently be stated. First, however, the devices for raising and lowering the receiving-pen will be described.

The receiving-pen is raised and lowered by means of two magnets S T, placed, preferably,one above the other, and a local battery y. (See Figs.2 and 17%) The armature 129, which carries the pen-rest 130, is located between the two magnets S T and is operated upon by both of them. This armature is held in such position as it is left by the attraction of one or the other of the magnets by means of friction-springs 43, the spring 131- serving merely to balance the weight of the pen-rest and armature. The circuit of magnet S passes through wires 3, coils o of papershifting magnet V, a section of local'battery TOC IIO

y, armature 133 of a relay P in the'main-line circuit l), and its back-stop 134. The circuit of magnet T passes through wires 2, (some of these wires, being common to circuits t and are marked with both letters, and other local circuits, having wires in common, are lettered in the drawings inthe same manner,) coils v of paper-shifting magnetV, thence by wire 8 to local battery y, thence by wiret to armature 132 of a relay P in main-line circuit 0, its back-stop 128, and wire t to magnet. T. The momentary break in themain circuit 0, caused by the pressure of the-transmittingpen upon the writing-platen 117 and the consequent operation of the temporary circuitbreaker M N by reason of the energization of coil N, causes the relay P at the receiving end to release its armature, which falls upon its back point and closes the circuit through wires 25 and pen-lowering magnet T, causing the armature 129 and the pen-rest 130, carried by it, to be depressed and the pen G to descend to its writing position upon the paper. The armature will be held in this position by the friction-springs 43, and the pen will continue upon the paper until the sender raises the transmitting-pen and removes the pressure from the platen 117. The support 118 will then rise, closing the circuit of coil M of temporary circuit-breaker M N through wires in m and making a temporary break in the main-line circuit 1'). This temporary break results in releasing the armature of the relay P at the receiving end, which falls upon its back-stop 134 and closes the circuit of magnet S through wires .9 and a section of battery y. The armature 129 and pen-rest 130 are now raised lifting the pen G from the paper, and these parts remain in this position through the pressure of springs 43 until the transmitting-pen is again placed upon the paper.

While these operations are in progress the paper-shifting magnetV is inactive, although both the circuits 3 tpass through certain of its coils. This inactivity results from the fact that the magnetV is of the peculiar construction known as a consequent-pole magnet. It is made up of two soft-iron rods of any convenient length 136, (see Figs. 2 and 3,) and upon the ends of these rods are Wound helices of the usual construction, spaces bein glef t at the centers of the two rods between the helices of sufficient width to receive an ordinary armature. At these points it is convenient to place pole-pieces 137 138, which extend outward beyond the contour of the coils in such position as to conveniently act upon an armature 139, trunnioned in the ordinary manner. The soft-iron rods 135 136 are united at their ends bysoft-iron heel-pieces 151 152, so that there is a continuous ring of iron. When only one of the two sets of coils o 1; are in circuit, the magnetic circuit of the magnet V is closed through the heel-iron opposite to the excited coils, and no magnetism of consequence is developed in the points 137 138. It results that when either of the circuits 3 t is separately closed sufiicicnt magnetism is not developed in magnet V to cause it to attract its armature. When, however, both of these sets of coils "l 'u are simultaneously energized by a current flowing in opposite directions, polarity will be developed in the points 137' 133 and the armature 13!) will be attracted. The connections of circuits 875 are such that the ciirrentot' battery y flows through the two sets of coils q) "0' in opposite directions when these circuits are closed, so that it is only necessary in order to cause the magnet V-to become active to simultaneously close these two local circuits. The armature 139 has a play limited by stops, 140 141, depending from the frame-work of the table, and

.carries a toe 142, which serves as the trigger of an escapement controlling the revolution of the paper-drum 143. The paper passes from the drum 143 over the transmitting-platen 117 and the receiving-platen 144, and then down, friction-rollers 145 being preferably provided to facilitate itsmovei'nent, and is given a forward-tendency by the weighted clip 195 or an equivalent tension device. The escapeinent controlling the paper-drum consists of a cog-gearin g 146, attached to the drum or drum-shaft, meshing with a small pinion 1.47, the shaft 196 of which is provided with two arms 148 149, the ends of these arms revolving in the plane of the toe 142. \Vhen the toe 142 is in its normal position, it will arrest the revolution of one of the arms 143 149, and thus prevent the unwinding of the paper; but the temporary action of the magnet V upon its armature 139 withdraws the toe 142 and permits the paper-drum to revolve until the pinion 147 has made a half-revolution. The arm carried upon the opposite side of the pinion then comes in contact with the toe 142, which has meanwhile returned to its normal position. This escapement is so adjusted that this amount of rotation of drum 143 is sufiicient to move the paper a distance equal to thespace properly left between two lines of writing. The means provided at the transmitter for causing the simultaneous closing of the two local circuits 3 t at the receiving end consists of two circuit makers and breakers located near the upper left-hand corner ot the field of the transmitting-pen. (See Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 17.) These circuit makers and breakers consist of springs 153 154, at.- tached to a vertical shaft 155, journaled between a plate 156, set over an opening in the table, and a bracket- 157, depending from the table, these springs playing upon contact-points 158 159. To the upper end of the shaft is attached an arm 160, which is drawn forward by a spring 161- until it rests against a stop 162, in which position the notch 163, formed in its outer end, is just below an opening 164 in the plate 156, so that it can be readily reached by the part of the transmitting-pen just above the nib. The main circuit b, after leaving the temporary circuitbreakerM N, passes to spring 153, contact'158, and thence to the receiving instrument.

Main circuit 0, after leaving the temporary circuit-breaker M N, passes to spring 154, contact 159, and thence to the receiving-instrument. It results that when the transmitting operator, having completed aline, desires to shift the paper he has only to carry his pen to the upper left-hand corner of its field and cause its nib to enter the slot 16% and press against the arm 160, operating the circuitbreaking springs 153 154 and makingasimultaneous. break in both the main-line circuits 1) c. The two main-line relays P P at the receiving-station simultaneously drop back their armatures and circuits .9 t are closed, both sets of coils v 'v are energized,and magnet V attracts its armature, releasing the paper-drum escapement and permitting the paper to feed. This operation does not disturb the position of the receiving-pen, which is now resting upon the pen-rest 130, for the reason that both the magnets S and T, being simultaneously energized, will balance each other in their effect upon the armature 129 andthe pen-rest will not be moved.

It is obvious that to enable the receiving instrument to reproduce characters traced by the transmitting-pen the direction of motion of the receiving-pen must accord with that of the transmitting-pen, and to secure an exact reproduction it is necessary that the length of the cords connecting the transmitting-pen with the liinging-points on the interrupterdrums should be exactly equal to the lengths of the corresponding pen-arms of the receiving-instrument; or, in other words, in order to secure perfect results it is necessary to start the'two instruments in unison and keep them in that relative condition. I have devised a mechanism for bringing the transmitting and receiving instruments into unison when they are not so, and will now describe it and its operation.

Armature 139 of the paper-shifting magnet controls three local circuits, which have not yet been noticed. One of these circuits u (see Figs. 11 and 17) includes the two polarizingcoils K K of the governing escapement-magnets, local battery u, back-stop 165, and

armature 139. Another circuit 00 includes the coils of magnet J, local battery ,5, a brush 166', which I term a unison-brush and which bears upon commutator-disk 112, contactspring 39, armature 139, contact-spring 167, and stop 168. A like circuit a: (see Fig. 17)

izes the escapem ent polarizing-magnets K K. No action now takes place except to shift the paper, unless the receiving-instrument is out of unison with the transmitting-instrument. The unison-brush 166 is so placed that in case there is a want of unison in the revers-' ing-clutch organization of the left-hand side of the receiver it will be in contact with one of the metallic segments of the commutator, upon which it bears, causing acurrent to flow from battery z through the circuit 00 and coils of magnet J. This operates the reversing-escapements 110 one step and brings the unisonbrush again upon an insulating-segment of the commutator, which should be its position at' the shifting of the paper. both the polarizing-magnets K K being now broken and the'main-line circuits being also both broken and the clutch-magnets of both halves of the system being, so set as to carry the receiving-pen toward the upper left-hand corner of the field, it will be seen that, the two governing-escapem nts having nothing to retard them, the receiving-pen, if behind the transmitting-pen, will be permitted to run without hinderance to the left-hand upper cor- T'ne circuits of ner of its field, where it will be stopped by pins properly placed upon gear-wheels 28 29, said pins being arranged to come in contact with fixed stops. If prior to the shifting of the paper the receiving-pen was in advance of the transmitting-pen, it will have been checked by these stops and the transmittingpen will have overtaken it at the paper-shifting switcln Complete provision is therefore made for securing unison between the two pens.

After the paper has been shifted and the transmitting and receiving instruments have been brought to unison the transmitting-pen is withdrawn from the switch -lever 160 and the writing of the next line proceeds. The effect of the withdrawal of the pen is of course to reverse the positions of the circuit making and breaking arms 86, closing the circuits d of the increase controllers D E and D'-E'. If, however, these circuits are closed while the main-line circuits are still open, no' increased pulsation will be sent to line and the receiving-instrument will not be reversed.

IIO

To provide against such an occurrence a c'ircuit making and breaking arm 15 is provided; rigidly fixed to the shaft and playing be tween contact-points 18.19, (see Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 17,) and the circuit (1 of both the increasecontrollers D E and D E are caused to pass through the arm 15, contact-point 19, and Wires Z Z, connected therewith, as heretofore stated. Consequently neither of these circuits can be completed while the lever 15 is out of contact with the stop 19. Arm 15 is so placed on shaft 155 that as the transmittingpenis drawn away from the lever and that lever returns to its position springs 153 15; strike their respective contact-points and close the main circuits b 0 before the arm 15 reaches its contact 19. The circuits 01 therefore cannotbe closed until after the closing of main-line circuits 1) 0, even if arms 86 are actuated while the main-line circuits are still open. As soon as the arm 15 reaches its stop 19, which will be immediately after the closing of the main circuits 1) 0, both increase-controllers will simultaneously operate to send a strong impulse through both main lines, causing a reversal to take place in both the re versing-escapements at the receiving end and setting the clutches in proper manner tocause the receiving-pen to follow the motion of the transmitting-pen.

The provision for shifting the paper atthe transmitting-instrument consists (see Fig. 17) of proper circuit connections by means of wires 4" r from contact- points 18 and 181 and spring-extension 182, attached to arm 15, to the two paper-shifting and pen -raising circuits s t at the transmitting-station, whereby these circuits are closed by the rocking of the switch-lever 160 and arm 15 at the completion of aline of writing. Connections for this purpose are shown inbroken lines, Fig. 2. The paper is thus simultaneously shifted at the transmitting and receiving stations. Provision for shifting the paperatthe transmittingstation independently of the receiving-station is also made, and consists of a push-button 20, so placed that when depressed it electrically connects contact-stops l8 and 181. When the operator has completed the sending of his message and placed his pen in the rack, he presses button 20 a sufficient number of times to move his paper forward, so that clean paper is brought under his receiving-pen, and by the connections just described he accomplishes this without disturbing the connections which control the paper at the distant station.

I will now describe an improved pen-rack for holding the transmitting-pen when notin' use, which forms a part of my present invention and is illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, and 10. This rack consists of a tube 51, supported between two posts 52 52. At the center of the tube is fixed a collar 172, to which is rigidly fixed a curved projecting jaw 54, and to which is pivoted another projecting jaw 53. The jaw 53' projects into as well as out of the tube, and to its inner end is pivoted a rod 55, extending centrally through the tube 51 to one of the posts 52 and carrying on its end an I upright rod 173, which extends down through and below the post 52 and carries at its lower end a block 57 of insulating material. \Vrapped loosely around the rod 55 is a spiral spring 56 of considerable strength, fastened at each end to washers 61 62,Washer 61 being fastened'to the tube 51 and washer 62 being attached to the rod 55. The insulating-block 57 has set in it two contact-springs 174 175, which are respectively connected to line-wires b and 0. Four contact-stops 176 177 178 179 are provided, with one pair 176 and 177 of which are connected the Wires in circuits 1) 0, respectively passing to the transmitting-instrument at the home station, and with the remaining pair 178 179 of which are attached the wires b c, passing to the receiving-instrument at the home station. The jaws 53 54 are so shaped as to form between them a recess adapted to hold the nib of the pen and retain it in a fixed, preferablyan upright, position. These jaws also preferably flare outward to permit the pen to be forced between them into the recess. The effect of introducing the pen into the recess is to swing the jaw 53 on its pivot and draw the rod 55 against the tension of the spring 56 to the left, causing the springs 174 175, (see Fig. 10,) which when the pen is being used for transmitting rest against the contact-points 176 177, to leave those contact-points and be pressed against the contact-points 178 179, the result being to break the connection of the linewires with the transmitting-instrument and place them in connection with the receivinginstrument. The operator when he has finished using the transmitting-pen will place it in the rack, and will thereby swing the system from the condition in which it isfitted to send messages to that in which it is fitted to receive messages, and the upright position of the pen in the rack willindicate at aglance that the system is set for receiving a message and afford a check against carelessness on the part ofthe operator. The function of this penrack is therefore the same, substantially, as

that of the rack described in my formerpatents. It is, however, superior to that rack in point of simplicity and in that'it gives the pen a position immediately over the field and holds it in a more conspicuous manner and a more convenient positio'n. When the pen is taken from the rack for the purpose of transmitting a message, the action of the spring 56 automatically returns the contactsprings 174 175 to their position in contact with the contacts 176 177 and completes the circuit for transmitting. It will be observed that with this organization when the transmitting-pens at both ends of the line-wire are hung up both of the stronger line-batteries Z Z will be cut out and only the two small batteries .2 ,2 will be on line, and these batteries, being opposed in polarity, will neutralize each other, and the condition of the line will be equivalent to that ofhaving no battery in circuit. The

main-line relays therefore at both ends of the line will rest on their back points. I take advantage of this fact to control the operation of the motor in the following manner: The motor is normally in circuit through the wire W with the whole of battery y, only a section of this battery being required to operate the magnets S, T, and V. Circuit W is provided with a circuit maker and breaker consisting of a spring 197, riding upon a block 198, partly of metallic and partly of insulating material. The motor-circuit has two branch circuits to w, one of which 10 includes the armature and front stop of relay P and the other of whichw includes the armature and front stop of relay P. Both of the circuits to to pass through an ordinary single spool magnet L, having an armature-lever 199, trunnioned upon double pivots, so as to move to and from the magnet and also sidewise in either direction, as shown in Fig. 11 The magnet L and its armature 199 are so placed with reference to one of the shafts that a pin 200, fixed to the outer end of the armature, will engage, when the armature is released by its magnet, with a screw 201, carried by the shaft. The armature 199 is drawn back from its magnet by a spring 202 in the ordinary manner, and is also provided with a side stop 203, against whichit is normally held by a spring 204:, this spring 20& putting a strain upon the armature-lever 199 in a direction opposite to the direction in which it is carried by the engagement of the screw 201 with the pin 200. The contact-spring 197 is attached to the armature 199, and rides upon [the metallic portion of the block 198 when the armature 199 is against the side stop 203, and the width of this metallic portion of the block 198 is such that the spring 197 will continue to rest upon it as it is moved away from the stop 203 during the time occupied by a numbertof revolutions of the shaft 30.

The resistance of the magnet L is made such with reference to that of the motor that it will take sufficient current when the motor is in circuit to energize it and cause it to attract its armature. When, therefore, either of the relays P or P is energized and its armature rests upon its front contact, the magnet L will be energized, the pin 200 on its armature will be held out of engagement with the screw 201 and the spring 20st will hold it in contact with the stop 203, the spring 197 will rest upon the metallic portion of the block 198, and the circuit of the motor will be closed. If, however, both of the relays P P are de-energi-zed and -both of the circuits to w in consequence thereof are broken, the magnet L will release its armature and pin 200 will engage with screw 201 and be carried away from the stop 203 against the tension of the spring 20; as the shaft 30 rotates, so that if the break in the two main-line circuits continues long enough the spring 197 will be carried out of contact with the metallic portion of the block 198 and the motorcircuit will be broken, causing the motor to stop. It results that when there is an effective current on either of the main lines I) c the circuit of the battery y will be closed through the motor; but when there is an effective current in neither main-line circuit the, motor-circuit will be broken and the motor will stop after a few revolutions of the shaft 30. The spring 197 is so adjusted with reference to the metallic portion of the block 198 that the circuit of the motor will not be broken in bringing the transmitting and -receiving pens to unison under ordinary circumstances; or, in other words, unison will be reached before the spring 199 is carried ofi from the metal portion of the block 198.

It follows from this construction that when the transmitting-pen is placed in the rack the relays of the distant receiver will both be de-energized and the motor at this distant station will be brought to rest after a few revolutions of its shaft 30, and that when both transmitting-pens are placed in their racks, there being no effective current on line, both motors will come to rest. It now one of the transmitting-pens is taken from its rack, it will cut out the relays at the transmitting end through the agency of the penrack switch, and at the same time, by throwing the current upon the main lines, itwill close the relays at the distant end and start up the motor, which will remain in operation until the message is completed and the pen again hung up. This organization gives the transmitting operator the full control of the motor, as well as of all of the rest of the machinery at the receiving end.

Modifications may be made in most of the details of the system and still it will contain my invention. A few of the more gene modifications which may be ferred to. r

\Nhile I prefer to operate the governing reversible escapement magnet by pulsations of successively-opposite polarity, I do not conmay be sent from the transmitting-station by means of a pole-changer operated and con trolled by the interrupters or in any other suitable manner.

While I prefer an electric motor as a source of power for driving the receiving-pen, in that it is more readily controlled from the transmitting-station than other forms of prime motors, I do not limit myself to the use of such a motor, but may employ in its stead any convenient type of mechanical motor or a shaft rotated from-any appropriate source of power. 7

It is to be understood-that in this applica- 'tion, as in my former patents, the terms character, writing, and message as herein used include any matter, such as pictures, maps, drawings, diagrams, and arbi trary characters of all kinds, as well as ordinary and short-hand writing; also,-that the term paper includes any surface suitable for writing, or from which any writing or printing is to be traced. If, in addition to transmitting messages in writing, it should be desired to capacitate the mechanism to transmit and reproduce diagrams, maps, and

I have secured good results made will be re- I IC pictures, all that is necessary is to allow the transmitting and receiving pens to have the necessary range of movement in each direction.

In some cases it may be preferred to write the message in the form of a single line extending along the length of a narrow ribbon of paper, as suggested in my former patents, and in such cases it will only be necessary to arrange the mechanism for shifting the paper in the direction of a line of writing instead of in a direction perpendicular thereto.

The receiving-pen may in some cases consistof a simple pencil or tracerand the inksupplying apparatus be dispensed with.

The closing and breaking of the local circuits for lowering and raising the receivingpen may be effected by a special key instead of by the transmittingpen or by a cir cuit-closer arranged and operated in any suitable manner.

The paper, instead of being shifted by a weight controlled by an escapement, may be shifted in any other desired manner, as by separate circuits for thispurpose; or the means for shifting the paper or raising the pen, or both, may be omitted.

Separate line-wires may be employed for operating the reversingclutches instead of using an increased current for that purpose, or other changes in the current besides an increase thereof may be resorted to for this purpose.

A so, as stated in my prior Letters Patent, the movements necessaryto reproduce the message, instead ofbeing imparted to the receiving-pen, may be wholly or in part imparted to the paper. It is therefore to be. understood that whenever the movement of the receiving-pen is referred to as forming thec'haracters that also includes the equivalent movement of the paper.

If preferred, two motors may be used for operating the receiving-pen, one governed by pulsations transmitted over each circuit.

No particular form of interrupter is essential to my invention. I intend to include under that term every device by means of which electric pulsations, whether successively of thesame or opposite polarity, may be rapidly produced in the circuit.

The apparatus described herein is only one form of many varieties of mechanism which may be devised for carrying out the several methods or processes which constitute my present invention, and I do not confine myself to this or any other particular apparatus. As an example of the many modifications in the apparatus which may be made, I may say that my invention may be applied to an organization wherein the pulsations energize the motor-magnets of the receiving-pen directly, as described in my said former patents, as well as to that organization wherein the pulsations operate a receiving-pen by restraining or directing the force which moves it, as described in my present application. The instrumentalities and combinations of the same which make up the apparatus shown herein arenot claimed in this application, but are set forth and claimed in other applications made by me for United States Letters Patent, Serial Nos. 314,151 and 324,232, filed, respectively, June 13, 1889, and September 17, 1889. The broader claims to the art set forth in this application have been transferred to the said application, Serial No. 324,232. Each of these applications and also my application, Serial No. 365,705, filed September 22, 1890. show and describe forms of apparatus which may be used in the practice of the methods herein claimed.

Havingthus described my invention, what I claim is 1. The method of transmitting and recording a character by the movements of a transmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmuting the movements of the transmitting-pen into electric pulsations of successively-opposite polarity, transmuting the said pulsations into movements of the receiving-pen, causing a temporary change in the line-currentupon each reversal in direction of movement of the transmitting-pen, and through the agency of such changes causing corresponding reversals in the direction of movement of the receivingpen, substantially as set forth.

2. The method of transmitting and record ing a character by the movements of a transmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmuting the movements of the transmitting-pen in two directions crosswise of each other into two series of electric pulsations, the pulsations of each series being of successively-oppositepolarity, transmuting the said pulsations into movements of the receiving-pen, causing temporary changes in the line current or currents upon reversals in direction of movement of the transmitting-pen, and through the agency of such changes causing corresponding re-' versals in the direction of movement of the receiving-pen, substantially as set forth.

The method of transmitting and recording a character by the movement of a transmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmuting the movement of the transmitting-pen into electric pulsations,transmuting the said pulsations into movements of the receivingpen, causing a temporary change in the linecurrent upon each reversal in direction .of movement of the transmitting pen, and through the agency of such changes causing corresponding reversals in the direction of movement of the receiving-pen, substantially as set forth.

I. The method of transmitting and recording a character by the movements of atransmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmut-' ing the movements of the transmitting-pen in two directions crosswise of each other into two series of electric pulsations, transmuting the said pulsations into movements of the IIO receiving-pen, causing temporary changes in In testimony whereof I have hereunto set the line current or currents upon reversals in my hand in the presence of two subscriblng direction of movement of the transmitting- Witnesses.

pen, and through the agency of such changes ELISHA GRAY. 5 causing corresponding reversals in the direc- Witnesses:

tion of movement of the receiving-pen, sub- G. F. BENETT,

stantially as set forth. MARY A. JENNINGS.

Images