US460684A - Improvement in heating and ventilating apparatus and systems - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

JqA. SKILTON.

HEATING AND VBNTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM. No. 460,684. Patented Oct. 6, 1891'.

WITNEEEES INVENTUR l (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Jl A-l EBATNIG AND VENTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM.

No. 460,684. Patented Oot. 6, 1891.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. A. SKILTON. HEATNIG AND VENTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM. No. 460,684.

Patented Oct. 6, 1891.

F|El4=- INVENTIIIR` WITNESS E5 Mai/wt- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES A. SKILTON, OF BROOKLYN, NETV YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 460,684, dated October 6, 1891.

Application filed March l, 1888. Serial No. 265,838. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern,.-

Be it known that T, JAMES A. SKILTON, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Independent Heating and Ventilating Apparatus and Systems, (for which I have obtained no foreign Letters Patent whatever,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in independent heating and Ventilating apparatus and systems, more especially for rooms or suites of rooms in large bi1ildings-tl1at is, for each room independent of other rooms or suites of rooms and adapted both to the cases where the entire building is heated from one common source and also to those in which the heating of each room or suite of rooms is done by independent heating apparatus of any kind.

The objects of my improvement are, first, to provide means for independent control of ventilation in connection with the heating apparatus when the heat is on as well as when no heat is used therein; second, in connection therewith to provide means for taking the foul air from any and all parts of the room or suite of rooms and causing the same to pass out of doors by displacement; third, to provide means for protecting the heating apparatus, especially steam apparatus, from undue and from accidental exposure to low temperatures and damage therefrom; fourth, to provide means for equalizing the temperature, and, fifth, also to provide means for the other required adj ust-ments called for by varying temper atures and conditions, especially in winter, fall` and spring. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- K Figure l represents a vertical sectional view of the inlet-window, cold-air chamber, and Ventilating-radiator; Fig. 2, a partial vertical sectional view of the same, of thev eduction flue and chamber, and of a varialion of the inlet-flue. Fig. 3 is also a partial vertical sectional view of the same as adapted and used where the window extends to or near the floor. Fig. et is a front view of the window and of both induction and eduction flues. Fig. 5 is a back view of the ventilating-radiator. Fig. G is a horizontal sectional view of the outside inlet-flue and dampers. Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view of a stove or other heater used instead of a radiator, and Fig. S is a sectional view of the radiator provided with two jackets.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

It has been found difiicult to satisfactorily ventilate buildings in which the rooms are separate or divided into suites and occupied by different parties and varying numbers of people by any general, common, or complete system of Ventilation, and particularly so when the entire building has been heated from a common center by steam pipes and radiators. W'here buildings have been heated by steam, it has been frequently the case that the air has become impaired in quality by reason of the fact that provision for introducing fresh air is either absentor inefficient, or not under proper control, and owing to the fact that different people require different temperatures and different proportions ot' fresh air to insure comfortthe preferences of individuals in such cases where a common or general system of ventilation was used could not always be accommodated. My system enables the occupant of every room or even a portion of a room to suit himself as to the temperature and freshness of the atmosphere of the apartment or part of a room occupied by him. Furthermore, it has been frequently found to be a special defect of the usual mode of steam-heating byradiators, particularly in the small and crowded rooms of large office buildings, that those seated near the radiators would be subjected to a degree of heat too high for comfort, while those 'at a greater distance might have too little for comfort, the steam-radiators heating mainly by radiation, slightly by conduction, and not being adapted for rapid convection and distribution of heat or air. Again, the cooling of the inner air and the consequent production of uncomfortable currents of air by contact with and at the windows also diminishes the available space, especially in high-priced oflices. A large number of devices have been invented and used for introducing fresh air at or through the window; but in general the incoming currents of air have tended to cause discomfort in various IOO ways to those near the window. These dit'- culties and objections my invention seeks to remedy.

In view of the fact that almost every room intended to be occupied by people is provided with one or more windows for the admission of light, which canse objectionable currents of cool air, I adapt my system of heating and Ventilating thereto, making use of a window or windows already provided as the means for admitting and excluding the air at will, and for automatically protecting the steampipes, and also making use of radiators already provided, and this I do by adding` a few simple and cheap devices only to existing or necessary appliances for every building, and therefore without much increase of expense. I also provide means for heating and circulating the air already .in a room without introducing more air, as well as for taking out the `foul and cooler air from the bottom of the room and from any required part or corner of the same, thereby aiding the ingress ot' the fresh air and causing the egress or displacement of the loul and colder air, as well as the proper distribution of the heated fresh ai-r. The radiator may be located elsewhere without avoiding my invention; but I preferably locate it in the win dow-recess for the purpose of counteracting the air-currents usual near windows, produced by the tendeney to condensation and cooling of the air adjacent to and on the inside of the window and otherwise, and for other purposes.

R is the radiator, and may be made in any usual form and style, and, as shown in several of the figures, is provided with vertical steam-pipes closed at their upper ends; but any other known kind of steam-radiator, a stove, or a heater may be used.

C is a metal case or jacket, preferably con1- posed of sheet metal, surrounding the radiator, preferably extending above the same, tted reasonably well at the bottom to the casing or base of the radiator, and covered or closed at the top in any ordinary manner, as, say with a perforated cast-metal top piece T, to allow the incoming air to escape after be ing heated. This cast-metal top T may be set directly upon the top of the case surrounding the steam-pipes, as shown in dotted lines, or upon the top of an extension E oi' the same. The object ot this extension will be explained later on.

IV and IV represent the lower and upper sashes of the window, respectively.

B is a board or plank, which may be conveniently used to secure the sheet metal and furnish a convenient inletbpening O by having as much of it cut away as required, and it may be easily fitted to the moldings at the lower inside part of the lower sash T or in reasonably close contact therewith. It indicates, however, only one of the ways ot' constructing the opening and closing devices of the cool-air chamber. O is a longitudinal opening therethrough for the admission of air from without when the lower sash is raised, as shown in Figs. l and 3, or from the inside of the window when itl is lowered, as shown in Fig. 2. On passing through the opening O, the air, whether external or internal, finds its way into and down to the bottom of the cold-air chamber D, or through the llue F, as the case may be. This cold-air chamber may be formed in a variety ot' ways.

K may represent either two sheets of sheet metal extending from side to side of the windowrecess, the space between them being oc cupied or filled by sawdust, sand, tan, or any other non-conducting material, or it may represent a single sheet ot' sheet metal extending from side to side of the window-recess, and having pasted on both sides thereof a lining or covering of paper; or this may be duplicated, say with air-space between, or any other suitable plan for preventing conduction may be used, the object in either case being to form a chamber Afor the external or cool air, and to prevent the cooling of the air in the room by radiation from the colder atmosphere in the cold-air chamber, and also to prevent the premature heating of the air in the coldair chamber before it has reached the radiator, the tendency of which would be to cause the air so heated to rise in the chamber D,or to check the downflow of the air therein, and consequently interli'ere with the best action ot' the apparatus. The top of the cold-air chamber I) may consist of sheet metal also, or it may consist oi' a board or shelf, to the inner IOO edge of which the sheet-metal part K maybe attached. Of course the part K may be made of wood and act reasonably well, being a nonconductor; but, owing to the proximity of heat, wood might warp, shrink, and make trouble. Consequently I preicr sheet metal, to be protected against conduction.

At or as near the bottom of the chamber D as possible I locate a flue Ii, to be provided with a damper U at will, and connected with the case C in such a manner as to permit the air to pass from the bottom of the chamberD within the jacket C of the radiator, as shown by arrows, Fig. l. The space within the case or jacket C acts as a heating-chamber, and the air as it becomes heated will rise therein, pass through the top of the case, as shown by the arrows, Figs. 2 and 3, pass thence to the top of the room in front ot the windows, and thence spread over the room near the ceiling', and consequently make itmore comfortable, even to sit near by the window and by the radiator, the steam-pipes of which are jacketed, by keeping down the radiated heat thereof, as well as in other partsol the room to which the warm air is conveyed, the warm air being caused to descend gradually in turn to the bottom ot' the room as it becomes vitiated and displaced by fresher and hotter incoming air from the top of the room downward. 4

Then the lower sash W' is raised, as shown in Fig. l, for the purpose of admitting air TIO into the cold-air chamber D or into the iiu'e F, the separation of the upper bar of the lower sash WV and the lower bar of the upper sash W will open a second inlet, in the absence of anything to prevent it, by which cold air will find its way into the room, to the discomfort of its occupants. To prevent this I fasten a weather-strip S at the inner edge of the lower bar of the vupper sash WV', with the rubber of the weather-strip in contact with the glass of the lower sash IV, all the way across and between the two vertical bars thereof. I also preferably place a weatherstrip S on the top of the board B or the shelftop of the chamber D, so as to make close contact with the lower bar of the lower sash WV. I have found, however, that if the joint there is so made as to make approximate contact between the lower bar of the lowersash W and the adjacent part of the wall of the chamber D or of the inlet O but little air will enter the room by that route, and what little does enter will be warmed by the radiatorimmediately in front of it or by mingling with the warmed incoming air. The object in providing a cold-air chamber D is to insure a sufiicient supply of coldair at or near the bottom of the jacketed radiator, especially in cases where the window-sill is elevated some distance above the iioor and where the incoming cool fresh air is therefore required to descend in close proximity to heated air and apparatus tending to canse it to ascend, and in order to secure this result I prefer to make the 'area of the vertical section of the inlet-opening 0 greater than that of the inlet of the iiue F; but in some locations I have found that it is sufcient to extend the flue F so as to connect directly with the opening O, in the manner shown in Figs. 2 and 4, withl out other air-chamber, and particularly where the prevailing winds came directly against the outside of the window, where a tall or heated chimney-Hue caused the air to be drawn rapidly from the bottom of the room, or where the radiator and jacket or the jacket alone had its outlet higher than the windowinlet.

Fig. 3 shows a modification of the apparatus required in cases where the window opens down to or near to the floor, in which case no cold-air chamber is necessary, as the incoming draft passes in an upward instead of a downward direction on its way to the jacketed radiator. In addition in Fig. 3 is shown an extension Jof the inlet-flue outside of the window, which extension may be used in connection with the arrangement shownin Figs. l and 2 as well, if desired. There are at least two objects to be noted as accomplished by this extension. I have found by experiment that when the wind was blowing directly against the window the increase of external air-pressure thus caused aided the Ventilating-heater in taking in fresh air; but that when the wind was blowing parallel or approximately parallel with the window and the wall in which it was located the pressure was pereeptibly diminished, and consequently the Ventilating-radiator would receive and deliver a small quantity of air. To increase the alnount of air received under such circumstances I provide vanes V V V, the outer portions of which extend beyond the external inlet and may be used as deiiectors to receive and defiect the current of airpassing more or less parallel with the wall and the window into and through the flue F, and consequently through the Ventilating-radiator R. These vanes will not obstruct direct currents, but will deiiect oblique ones, as well as those moving at right angles thereto. They may also be used to diminish the currents ofl air or keep out rain.

To accomplish the Ventilation of a room or suite of rooms it is not only necessary to provide means whereby the fresh outer air can be admitted, but it is also necessary to provide means by which the foul air of the room may be displaced, allowed to escape, or assisted in escaping, and in assisting it to escape provision may be made, in connection with the Ventilating-radiator, not only for removing the foul air from the far corners of the room, but also for drawing the freshwarmed air toward and into the saine corners and even down to the floor. For these purposes I .provide a-n eduction fine or iiues G, located wherever required, and provided with proper inlets and outlets near the floor, as shown. These extensions may be made around the top of the room with vertical connections extending to the floor. This fine G is preferably connected with an eductionchamber D', located in the window-recess at its top, and arranged, as shown in Fig. 2, so that when the upper sash W is lowered the foul air passing up the iiuc Gr will escape over the top ofthe upper sash, as indicated by arrows, and thence out into the open air, as guided and directed by the vanes V V V IOO ros

IIO

and the shield II. The object of the shield H is to assist the air in escaping, whatever the direction of the wind blowing, if any. It is evident that the air, moving directly toward and approximately at right angles to the window, will aid the'cool-air chamber and radiator in securing a supply of fresh outer air, and also that the same pressure of air or wind at the top of the window will tend to check the outward flow of the air from the room, thereby balancing the two currents or tending to do so. For this reason I place a shield H outside of the vane or vanes, thereby preventing such back-draft and utilizing the force of the wind to aid in eduction by guiding or deiiecting the same by means of the shield II and vanes V V V, whatever may be its direction or line of pressure. In this case, also, the sash is-used to open and close the flue, and it may be aided by the vanes V V V, located in the outside chamber D2.

I am aware that a Variety of forms of eduction apparatus instead of the vanes and shield may be substituted for the apparatus shown; but I consider the arrangement shown to be sufficient to indicate the nature of my invention.

In Fig. 3 a front View of a grate, with its chimney-flue in dotted line, is shown as if located in the same room or suite of rooms. Preferably with the blower in position, as shown, such a grate and flue, in combination with the jacketed radiator, connected as shown, will aid materially in Ventilating the room or rooms, especially when other flues in the chimney are heated by drawing the air from the bottom of the room near the floor, and thus may take t-he place ot` the eduction tube or iiue shown in Fig. 3; but the eduction-dues l may be provided i'or any number of windows, and they may be extended to any point more or less Vremote from the window, and so aid in equalizing temperature and quality of air in the room.

One advantage of using the window and radiator in the manner shown and described is that in buildings already erected and provided with steam-radiators, (which are frequently, if not usually, placed in front ofthe windows,) the heating and Ventilating` may be accomplished independently in a very simple and economical manner, and at the same time efiiciently. In the absence of a grateue and even of au eduction-flue a very considerable amount of eduction of foul air may be secured by simply raising the lower sash above the bar E, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby allowing vair to escape under the lower bar ot the lower sash. The air thus escaping, being warmer than the outer air, will tend to rise immediately outside the window, and thus naturally separate itself from the intlowing current of air just below it. The opening through which the lower sash-bar passes may, however, be closed by the flap L when the lower sash is raised or in any other suitable manner.

In the absence of any common system of heating the building by steam-pipes and radiators, and in the case where dependence is placed upon stoves orany other form of heater of like general character having an independent combustion-chamber, the same results may be secured by jacketing the stove or other apparatus, as shown in Fig. 7, and thereby forming a heating-chamber between the jacket and the stove or other heater7 fresh cool air being admitted at the bottom and taken out at the top of the same, and I pret'- erably locate such stoves or heaters in the window-recess in the positions of the jacketed radiators shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, as the location in the room best vadapted to the accomplishment of the results sought, the stove-pipe being, of course, conducted to the chimney in any ordinary manner.

At times-as, for instance, in the early m orning or when the room has not been occupied for some time, and it may be desired to warm the room rapidly without tlleintroduction of air from the ouijside-the rapid heating and circulation of the air in the room may be accomplished or aided by moving the slide M so as to admit air through the holes N N at the bottom of the jacketed radiator, which, on becoming heated will rise, pass out at the top, to be :followed by all the air of the room moving in circuit, until the room becomes entirely warm by reason of its having passed through the jacketed radiator, and in that case it will be the cooler air of the room near the floor and window that will be taken in and heated in such a way as to cause circuits ot air-currents in the room carrying heat to all parts of the room or rooms.

lVhere fresh air is introduced through and from an ordinaryindependent hot-air heater into the room, the eduction-flue G and the chamber D maybe used to educt thefoul air from the room, as before described. I do not desire to limit myself to the particular arrangement or location of the eduction-tine shown in Figs. 2 and 4, as I am aware that an eduction-tine may be provided for and located inside the window-jamb in its original construction, the eduction Iiue being connected with an eduction-chamber at the top of the window, and being provided with induction-apertures at the bottom or near the iioor of the room as well.

The apparatus and arrangement, shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, may, in the absence ot heat or when the Steam is turned ol'f from the radiator, be used for Ventilating the room by simply raising the lower sash, as shown in Fig. l, and when so used the incoming air will enter the room in vertical or approximately vertical directions,and consequently persons sitting near by will not be subjected `to the action oi' direct horizontal currents ol air coming in contact with their persons. It may also be mentioned that during a rainstorm or snow-storm the vanes V V V will be useful when partially closed in preventing the rain or snow from entering the room while admitting the air and when completely closedsay at night-will prevent the rain or snow from entering the outside Ventilating-chamber and clogging the vanes.

Experiment has shown that where an ordinary, special, 'and independent inlet has been provided in the usual Ways for the cold air there is danger, especially in large otlicebuildings, that these special openings will be neglected and inadvertently left open to such an extent as to endanger and in some instances to cause the condensation of steam and the freezing and bursting of the steamfittings and radiator pipes. Bymaking, as described, such arrangements of these devices, however, that the closing ot the window necessarily and automatically closes the inlet for the cold air this danger is prevented, since a partially-raised sash ot' a window in cold weather is practically certain to attract attention, and it is customary at night to have the windows closed for the protection of TIO property and for other purposes. It is therefore for this reason or object that l make the window-sash, in effect., the closing valve or damper for thecold-air flue, and by regulating the height to which the sash is'raised the area of inlet is controlled and increased or diminished, as required.

I am aware that an independent inlet with a vertical valve could'be provided-to operate in substantially the same manner, so far Vas opening and closing the chamber D is concerned, or that some other form of slide might be used; but Whether in buildings already constructed and provided with window-sash in the ordinary way or in the case of new buildings it will be found' to be an economy to use the window-sash in themanner hereinbefore described, to which is thus given a new and valuable use, not, so far as the applicant is aware, previously known; and to such use is also to be added the further use of the lower sash by raisin g the lower bar above the top of the board B or the inlet-top, so as to allow the escape of air under the lower bar of the sash, and thereby rapidly change the air of the room-as, for instance, where the room has become too highly heated, in which case by raising the sash toa li'mited extent air will pass rapidly out of the room under the lower sash, while it enters the room through the jacketed radiator, although the heat may not be turned on, without danger of injury to the occupants; and, further, as I have found by experience, where the outer and inner air is in such a state of equilibrium that the air does not enter through the jacketed radiator on raising the lower sash an inch or two-not too far-above the-board B or the inlet-opening, the equilibrium will be broken, a current of outgoing air will be established or set in. mo-

I tion under the lower bar of the lower sash,

and at the same time, or co-ordinately, an iniowing current will be set in motion through the jacketed radiator, and under such circumstances the air of the room may be rapidly changed orcooled without throwing acurrent of cool air upon personsin the room, as would be the case, for instance, if the upper sash should be lowered, as is usually done, to allow the escape of the air of the upper part of the room, no provision being made elsewhere for the incoming air. Under the circumstances above described the lower sash, then, may be used for the double purpose of controlling both the inflow of cool and fresh air and the outow of the warmer and foul air of the room.

Vhile I prefer in many cases to use the board B, thereby making a inish with the sash-strips on the inside of the window, I am aware that the top of the cold-air chamber D may be extended continuously toward the lower sash in one piece, so as 'to match with the lower bar of the sash, in which case the ordinary piece at the inside bottom of the window-frame that matches with the lower bar of the sash on its vertical inner side will tem of closure.

constitute the bottom of the inlet O for the admission of air into the cold-air chamber D or into the inlet-due F. In addition, it will be observed on an examination of Fig. 2 that when the lower sash is down in its normal position there will be an open space between the glass ot' the lower sash and the board B, through which the cold air adjacent; to the glass of the window may be drawn down into the cold-air chamber D or into the flue F on its way to the jacketed radiator, there to be heated and distributed about the room, and, in fact, whatever cool air finds its way throughA thejoints of the window may be directed into the cold-air chamber and into the jacketed radiator, thus doubly counteracting or neutralizing the cold currents of air at and about the windows and making it possible for people to sit and work near them under all conditions of external temperature.

In Fig. 2 a weather-strip S2 is shown secu red to the under side of the ed uction-chamber D', so as to make contact with the glass of the upper sash. This Weather-strip may, however, be so placed as to make contact with the upper bar of the upper sash instead, and

thus control or prevent the access of any possible air-current through the joint there existing between the adjacent parts.

The extension E is provided as a means of increasing or diminishing the height of the heating-chamber. Owing to the factl that variations in the movement of air as to direction and force are frequent, in the case of a xed height of radiator heating-chamber the Aamount of air passing through the heatingchamber will vary accordingly. By lifting the extension E, however, and thus increasing the height of the heating-chamber, a stronger draft may be created therein anda larger amount of air be drawninto the room than in the case of the absence of the extension-top E. Vhen the external pressure is increased or when the external temperature `is much lower than the internal temperature,

the extension-top E may be lowered without diminishing unduly the amount of air passing through the heating-chamber. In other words, the extension will give a better control over the incoming current of air. As shown, the case C and extension E areV provided withy holes P, intended to receive pins P to hold the extension in place. *Unless where a weight is to'be put upon the top of the extension, it may be fitted to the case C sufiiciently tight to remain in position Withlout the aid of pins, or any other known means of securing the extension-top E of a suitable character may be used.

It is evident that when once the lower sash is raised, so as to give the outer air free opportunity to enter the inlet-flue F orc-hamber D, it may be allowed to remain in that position more orless permanently,especially where the outer extension of the air-flue is closed by the vanes V V V or any equivalent sys- It is also evident that the IOO slide M and inlet there may bc located on or in the flue F or coldair chamber D at a point substantially opposite the position shown in the drawings, instead of being placed on the case or jacket C, and also that in such position it will permit the air of the room to pass into the liue or the chamber and thence into the case or jacket.

As heretofore described, the jacketed radiator has been considered only as forming an air-heating chamber, in which the air is to be heated as it passes through the air-heating chamber from one or more ot' the inlets and warms the room in which it is located by the carrying or convection of heat in or with the moving current of air. -When so used, however,it is evident that the outside o'i the case C will be much cooler than the steam-pipes, and will not throw out into the room any large amount of heat by direct radiation. Under some conditions, however, it may be desirable to change the method described of warming by convection to the method of warming by radiation. I have provided ior such a change of action at will by placing the damper U in the flue F, the vanes V V V in the outside extension J, and the leaves or valves X in the top T. By closing the vanes V V V together, shutting the damper U, and also the leaves or valves X, I prevent the air from passing through the air-heating chaluber, hold it there, and thus cause the heat to be radiated from the steam -pipes to or through the quiescent air ot the chamber to the case C, and thence to the air of the room. In this way the apparatus will act much as the original radiator R would do in giving out a high degree ot' heat close at hand, and the transfer from one system of heating to the other can be instantly made by manipulating the dampers and valves so as to cause 01 prevent the current of air in the chamber, as described.

It is of course understood that the register may be located either in the top T of the extension E or of the casing C.

As an additional means to be used to facilitate the rapid warming ot a room, I add in some instances to the jacketed radiator previously described an outside case or jacket C', made larger than the jacket C, so as to give sufiicient air-space between the two, and secured over and upon the jacket C in such a manner as to extend, say, from a point about one-third ot the height of the hcating-cham ber to or above the top of the same, with the top T on the top of the jacket C. In this form the apparatus, while receiving the air through the flue F, as previouslyT described, and heating` the same, will cause a current of air to pass upward between the case C and the case C and outA at the top, wherein it will mingle with the air passing through the heating-chamber. In this form the apparatus will not only force the heated air into the top of and throughout the room, but will also draw the air from near the bottom endete of 'the room toward the radiator, thus aid ing in producing a circuit, as it were, by both pushing and pulling at the same time and by the operation of the same device. Especially when the lower sash \V is down and the current is passing into the Aflue F or chamber D only between the board B and the glass ot' the window YV on its way to the air-heating chamber, as shown in Fig. 8, the damper in the eduction-tlue may be closed, when the jacket C will be found to aid materially in causing a rapid convection of heat to all parts of the room, while no outer airis being introduced for purposes of ventilation, as, say, in the morning while the room is being prepared for occupation.

As shown in Figs. l. and S, the top T is practically a register and permits control or stoppage of the currents ot' air passing through the air-heating chamber in the one case and through both chambers, as shown in Fig. S; But the leaves X, Fig. I, and Y, Fig. 8, may be omitted, if desired, when the air will eucapc through the apertures shown in the top T without let or hnderance.

I have iiled three other applications showing an outside casing or jacket resting upon the radiator-base and forming a heatingchamber, one or more, as follows: Serial No. 273,821, iiled May 14:, lSSS, and Serial Nos. 329,03) and 329,0-1-0, both filed November 2, 188). The inventions finally claimed in these three several applications are hereby disclaimed as to this application.

I do not desire to limit my invention, as shown herein, to any particular size or proportions in the pipes, tubes, or channels connected. with the eliambered base, nor to limit my invention beyond the proper interpretation ot' the same, as set forth in the specifica tion and summed up in the claims.

All the invention intended to be tin ally embodied in this application is set forth in the twenty claims annexed to this specification.

I claim as my inventionl. A radiator provided with an outside jacket or casing forming an inclosedair-heating chamber around the same, the casing or jacket boing provided with two inletopen ings, one communicating with the outer air and the other with the inner air, the two inlets bcing provided with independent opening and closing devices.

2. A radiator provided with an outside case or jacket forming an inclosed heating-chamn ber, this case or jacket being provided with an inlet opening communicating with the outer air, with an inlet-opening communicating with the inner air of the room, and also provided with an outlet-opening at the top of the casing, the two inlet-openings being each provided with its own means for opening and closing the same independently of the other.

A radiator provided with an outside case or jacket forming an inclosed heating-chamber, this ease or jacket being provided with an inlet-opening communicating with the TIO outer aiig'with an inlet-opening' comm unicating with the innerl air of the room, and also with an outlet-opening at the top, the two inlet-openings and also the outlet-opening being each provided with its own means for opening and closing the same independently of the others, or of either of them.

4. A radiator provided with an outside case or jacket resting upon and closed at bottom by the radiator-base and forming aheating-chamber, provided with an'inlet-opening connecting with the outer air, having an independent opening and closing device for opening and closing the same, and also provided at top with an opening for the escape of the air entering the chamber through the inlet-opening.

5. A radiator provided with an outside case or jacket forming an inclosed airheating chamber, the bottom part of which is closed by the radiator-base, the case or jacket being provided with an inlet-opening communicating with the outer air and also with an inletopening communicating with the inner air, each one of these two inlets being provided with independent means for opening and closing at will.

6. A radiator provided with a case or jacket, the bottom part of which is closed by the radiator-base and the case or jacket being provided with an inlet-opening communicating with lthe outer air and also with an inletopening communicating with the inner air, each one of these two inlets having independent means for opening and closing, and also provided with an outlet-opening having` independent means for opening and closing the same independently of the two inlet-openings or eitherof them.

7 Aradiator provided with an outside case or jacket resting upon and closed at bottom by the radiator-base and forming a heating-chamber, provided with an inlet-opening connecting with the outer air, having an independent opening and closing device for opening and closing the same, and also provided at top with an opening for the escape of the air entering the chamber through the inlet-opening, the inlet-opening connected With the outer air through a flue or chamber opened and closed to the outer air by a window-sash.

S. A radiator provided with an outside case or jacket forming an inclosed air-heating chamber, the bottom part of which is closed by the radiator-base, the case or jacket being provided with an inlet-opening communicating with the outer air and also with an inletopening communicating with the inner air, each one of these two inlets being provided with independent means for opening and closing at will, the inlet-opening connecting with the outer air through a tlue or chamber opened and closed to the outer air by a window-sash.

9. A radiator provided with a case or jacket, the bottom part of which is closed by the radiator-base and the case or jacket being provided with an inlet-opening communicating with the outer air and also with an inletopening communicating with the inner air, each one of these two inlets havingindependent means for opening and closing, and also provided with an outlet-opening having independent means for opening and closing the same independently ofthe two inlet-openings, or either of them, the inlet-opening connecting with the outer air through a flue or chamber opened and closed tothe outer air by a window-sash.

l0. The following elements in combination: a steam -radiator provided with a case or jacket forming an inclosed heating-chamber and provided with an inlet-opening, an inletflue communicating with the outdoor air, connected at one end with that. inlet-opening, opened and closed by a window-sash located at or near its outer end, and at the other end, adjacent to the heating-chamber, provided with independentopening and closing devices, an inlet-opening in the case or jacket connecting with the inner air of the room, also provided with its own independent opening and closing devices, and an outlet-opening at the top of the case or jacket communicating between the heating-chamber and the air of the room.

1l. The following elements in combination: a steam-radiator provided with a case or jacket forming an inclosed heating-chamber and provided with an inlet-opening, an inletiiue communicating with the outdoor air, connected at one end with that inlet-opening, opened and closed by a window-sash located at or near its outer end, and at the other end, adjacent to the heating-chamber, provided with independentopenin g and closing devices, an inlet-opening in the case or jacket connecting with the inner air of the room, also provided with its own independent opening IOO and closing devices, and an outlet-opening at the top of the case or jacket communicating between the heating-chamber and the air of the room and provided with independent opening and closing devices.

l2. The following elements in combination: a radiator having an air-heating chamber, an air-chamber or flue connecting such air-heating chamber withA the outdoor air, and a weather-strip making air-excluding contact with the glass ot' the raised lower sash, all in combination.

13. The following elements in combination: a radiator having an air-heating chamber, an air chamber or Hue connecting such air-heating chamber with the outdoor air, a windowsash raised to admit and lowered to exclude the external air, and a weather-strip making air-excluding contact with the glass ot' the raised lower sash, all in combination.

14. The following elements in combination: Y

a heating apparatus having an air-heating chamber, an inlet air tlue or chamber connecting such air-heating chamber with the outdoor air, a window-sash to be raised to admit air into the inlet air flue or chamber, and an external air-flue extension J of the inlet-Hue IIO provided with valves or vanes to close the flue or direct the external air within the iiue at will.

15. In combination, the radiator case or jacket C, provided with an air-inlet at or near the bottom for external air and with an extension-top E.

1G. A radiator provided with an outside case or` jacket forming an inclosed air-heating chamber, the bottom part of which is closed by the radiator-base, the case or jacket being provided with an inlet-opening,1 communicating with the inner air of the room, and also with an outlet-opening' at the top of the case communicating with the inner air of the room, the inlet-opening being provided with means for opening and closing; the same.

17. A radiator provided with au outside case or jacket forming an inclosed air'heat ing chamber, the bottom part of which is closed by the radiator-base, the case or jacket being,T provided with an inlet-opening communicatingg,- with the inner air of the room, and also with an outlet-openingI communicating with the inner air of the room, both the inlet and the outlet opening` being provided with means for opening and closing' the same independently at will.

18. A radiator provided with an outside case or jacket forming an independent airheating chamber around the same, the casing' or jacket being provided with au inlet-openi115l commu nicatinfr with the outer ai 1 through an independent Vflue or chamber opened and closed by a window-sash, and also provided with an outlet-opening for the heated air to pass into the room.

19. A radiator provided With an outside case or jacket forming an independent airvheating chamber around the same, the casing or jacket being` provided with an inlet-opening communicatinzg1 wit-h the outer air th rough an independent flue or chamber having independent open-ing and closing devices and opened and closed by a window-sash, and also provided with an outlet-open in gr for the heated air to pass into the room.

20. An air-heatingchamber formed by a caee or jacket surrounding a radiator, a radiator, an independent air Hue or chamber connecting the airheating chamber with the outer air7 a window-sash7 and an outlet in the case or jacket for the heated air, all in com bination.

JAMES A. SKILTON. iVitnesses:

EDWARD S. BERRALL, JOHN T. MARTIN.

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