US460597A - Electrode for arc lamps - Google Patents
Electrode for arc lamps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US460597A US460597A US460597DA US460597A US 460597 A US460597 A US 460597A US 460597D A US460597D A US 460597DA US 460597 A US460597 A US 460597A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- carbon
- pencil
- pencils
- arc lamps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
- H01J9/025—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of field emission cathodes
Definitions
- This invention is an improvement in electrio-arc lamps, and more particularly applies to the electrodes or pencils used in the same.
- these pencils have usually been composed of carbon butit has also been proposed to make them of various materials, making, for example, both pencils of a refractory substance combined with carbon or metal or combining with a carbon positive pencil a metallic negative electrode.
- I employ as one electrode for an arc lamp a pencil made up of a refractory substance which is a poor conductor associated with a conducting substance which may be either metal or carbon, and as the other electrode a pencil or its equivalent of carbon.
- a pencil or its equivalent of carbon I prefer to employ as the refractory material of the compound electrode a substance containing chromium or some of its compounds, and for the material of the other electrode I may employ any form of carbon pencil, such as is now used for are lamps.
- Composite carbons made up of a conductor associated with a highly-infusible substance may be made so as to consume very slowly; but whatis gained in this respect is lost in their greatly-increased electrical resistance.
- To utilize such pencils lamps have to be specially constructed for the purpose. I have found, however, that I may greatly increase the life of the pencils and utilize any of the existing arc lamps by combining with a composite pencil of the kind described a carbon pencil. Two electrodes of this kind will be consumed much more slowly than two of carbon or one of carbon and one of metal, and a much more satisfactory light will be produced.
- the carbon electrode may be made up in any well-known way, provided it be composed essentially of carbon.
- the compound pencil or electrode I prefer to make in any one of the following ways: I fill an iron or other metallic tube or holder with a substance containing chromiumsuch, for example, as chrome-iron ore in a finelydivided condition or chromous oxide or any metallic chromate or chromite-or I may associate the refractory substances named with a metal wire or a cylinder of wire-gauze or in other ways. Finally, I may mix together carbon and any of the substances named, both being finely powdered, and make of the mixture, by the use of a binding agent, pencils resembling the ordinary carbons, such pencils being molded and then baked, as in the process of making pencils of carbon in the usual manner.
- a binding agent pencils resembling the ordinary carbons, such pencils being molded and then baked, as in the process of making pencils of carbon in the usual manner.
- carbon is used with the refractory material instead of metal, I prefer to use about sixty to eighty per cent. of carbon to from forty to twenty per cent., respectively, of such a substance as chromous oxide.
- the proportionate amount in the pencil will vary somewhat according to the nature of the material associated with it; but the best proportions are readily determined by experiment.
- the positive pencil may be one of the compound pencils described and the negative an ordinary carbon pencil, or conversely; but that in either case the rate of the consumption is rendered slower, an exceptionally good light obtained, and a saving of expense effected.
- arc lamp A of usual form, one pencil or electrode composed of a wire-gauze cylinder B, with a filling and coating of a refractory material C, which may be finely-powdered carbon and chrome-iron ore freed from earthy constituents.
- This composition is made into a mud with a solution of caustic soda or potash of about 10 Baum and worked into the tube or cylinder B.
- the other electrode D is a carbon rod or pencil.
- an electrode electrode composed of a metallic holder and of carbon, as set forth. a substance containing chromium and an IO 2.
- an electrode electrode composed of a conductor with which ISAIAH L ROBERTS 5 is associated a refractory substance containing chromium and an electrode of carbon, as Vitnesses: set forth. R0121. F. GAYLORD,
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Description
(No Model.) I
I. L. ROBERTS.
ELECTRODE EOE ABG LAMPS.
No. 460,597. Patented Oct. 6, 1891.
| [H1 1 CI! 1.1'
E g u p Wi'hasdas I I zwalztar I UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.
ISAIAH L. ROBERTS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
ELECTRODE FOR ARC LAIVI PS.
.SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 460,597, dated October 6, 1891.
Application filed March 18, 1891. Serial No. 385,503- (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ISAIAH L. ROBERTS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pencils for Are Lamps, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of the same.
This invention is an improvement in electrio-arc lamps, and more particularly applies to the electrodes or pencils used in the same. Heretofore these pencils have usually been composed of carbon butit has also been proposed to make them of various materials, making, for example, both pencils of a refractory substance combined with carbon or metal or combining with a carbon positive pencil a metallic negative electrode.
According to my present invention I employ as one electrode for an arc lamp a pencil made up of a refractory substance which is a poor conductor associated with a conducting substance which may be either metal or carbon, and as the other electrode a pencil or its equivalent of carbon. I prefer to employ as the refractory material of the compound electrode a substance containing chromium or some of its compounds, and for the material of the other electrode I may employ any form of carbon pencil, such as is now used for are lamps.
One of the main objects now sought for in the improvement of electric-arc lamps is to obtain pencils which, other things being equal, shall burn more slowly than the carbon.
in present use. Composite carbons made up of a conductor associated with a highly-infusible substance may be made so as to consume very slowly; but whatis gained in this respect is lost in their greatly-increased electrical resistance. To utilize such pencils lamps have to be specially constructed for the purpose. I have found, however, that I may greatly increase the life of the pencils and utilize any of the existing arc lamps by combining with a composite pencil of the kind described a carbon pencil. Two electrodes of this kind will be consumed much more slowly than two of carbon or one of carbon and one of metal, and a much more satisfactory light will be produced.
The carbon electrode may be made up in any well-known way, provided it be composed essentially of carbon.
The compound pencil or electrode I prefer to make in any one of the following ways: I fill an iron or other metallic tube or holder with a substance containing chromiumsuch, for example, as chrome-iron ore in a finelydivided condition or chromous oxide or any metallic chromate or chromite-or I may associate the refractory substances named with a metal wire or a cylinder of wire-gauze or in other ways. Finally, I may mix together carbon and any of the substances named, both being finely powdered, and make of the mixture, by the use of a binding agent, pencils resembling the ordinary carbons, such pencils being molded and then baked, as in the process of making pencils of carbon in the usual manner.
Then carbon is used with the refractory material instead of metal, I prefer to use about sixty to eighty per cent. of carbon to from forty to twenty per cent., respectively, of such a substance as chromous oxide. When metal is used,the proportionate amount in the pencil will vary somewhat according to the nature of the material associated with it; but the best proportions are readily determined by experiment.
I have found that the positive pencil may be one of the compound pencils described and the negative an ordinary carbon pencil, or conversely; but that in either case the rate of the consumption is rendered slower, an exceptionally good light obtained, and a saving of expense effected.
I have shown in the accompanying drawing an arc lamp A of usual form, one pencil or electrode composed of a wire-gauze cylinder B, with a filling and coating of a refractory material C, which may be finely-powdered carbon and chrome-iron ore freed from earthy constituents. This composition is made into a mud with a solution of caustic soda or potash of about 10 Baum and worked into the tube or cylinder B. The other electrode D is a carbon rod or pencil.
What I claim is- 1. In an arc lamp, the combination of an electrode composed of aconducting substance and a refractory non-conducting substance,
substantially as described, and an electrode electrode composed of a metallic holder and of carbon, as set forth. a substance containing chromium and an IO 2. In an arc lamp, the combination of an electrode of carbon, as set forth. electrode composed of a conductor with which ISAIAH L ROBERTS 5 is associated a refractory substance containing chromium and an electrode of carbon, as Vitnesses: set forth. R0121. F. GAYLORD,
In an arc lamp, the combination of an PARKER XV. PAGE.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US460597A true US460597A (en) | 1891-10-06 |
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ID=2529472
Family Applications (1)
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US460597D Expired - Lifetime US460597A (en) | Electrode for arc lamps |
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US (1) | US460597A (en) |
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- US US460597D patent/US460597A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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