US458704A - Breech-loading gun - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

I LARSEN BRBBGH LOADING GUN. f 58,704.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I. LAR-SEN.v BRBBGH LOADING GUN.

Patented Sept. l, 1891. Cip# i llt KIlIlIH-III Tu: Noms ravens co., Puonrumo., msnmofnn, n. c.

UNITED STATES Pi-WENTr GFFICE.

IVERI LARSEN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.4

BREECH-LOADING GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,704, dated September 1, 1891.

Application filed January 30,1890. Serial No. 338,656. (No model.)

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IvERr LARSEN, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to breech-loading fire-arms in which a reciprocating bolt is employed to open and close the breech.

The invention has among its objects to provide a construction in which the bolt carries the tiring-pin, the niainspring by which the tiring-pin is thrown, and a pawl which holds the tiring-pin cocked, a construction by which the guard-lever that reciprocates the bolt is given a movable fulcrum, a construction by which the guard-lever cocks the firing-pin in the retraction of the bolt, a construction by which the mainspring supplies the force for nipping out the shell, and a construction by which the principal parts of the lock mechanism are removable with a particular part of the metal breech-frame.

Before describing in detail the accompanying drawings, which illustrate my invention, I point out that the extremity of the guardlever bears baekwardly on the firing-pin, which in turn acts through the mainspring upon the bolt to retract the latter. In the retracting movement of the bolt and firing-pin, When there is no cartridge or shellinthegun, the bolt is held from recession to the same extent as the tiring-pin by means of a part acting for this purpose as a stud between the bolt and the guard-lever and having its connection with the said guard-lever at a distance from its extremity. By this means the firing-pin is cocked in the act of retracting the bolt, and it is held cocked by means of a spring-catch located in the bolt and engaging the firing-pin. Vhen a shell is'present in the gun, said shell is concernedin the retardation of the bolt till the shell is released from the barrel, whereupon the stud mentioned acts, as above described, for the rest of the retracting movement of the bolt and firing-pin. For

such action on the shell and for its ejection at the proper time the stud above referred to has a prolongation which connects with a sliding block in the lower front endl of the bolt. The guard-lever operates to throw the breech-bolt forward through the stud above referred to; but for the purpose of holding the breech-bolt firmly against the breech the extremity of the guard-lever bears againstthe breech-bolt and is itself sustained by a suitable bearing on .the breech-frame. rIhe fulcrum of the guard-lever is a pin fixed in said lever, but having a movement in a slot formed in a stationary part of the breech-frame. IThis stationary portion of the breech-frame is desirablya separate and removable member of the breech-frame and supports the trigger and carrier mechanisms, and said portion of the breech-frame is detachable by the removal of a single screw. 'The guard-lever being also detachable from the bolt and firingpin, the removal of this single part of the breech-frame allows almost the entire lock lmechanism to be' readily withdrawn for the the tiring-piu cocked, and the feed devices elevated. Fig. 4 is an under side View ot' the gun, presented for the purpose of showing the outlines of the detachable portion of the breech-frame, to which the guard-lever and other mechanisms are connected, as above described. In this Fig. 4 these parts are represented in place. Fig. is also an under side gether with a part of the link which connects Said sliding block with the guard-lever. Fig.

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8 represents the bifurcated end of the guardlever and the construction thereof by which it detachably engages the tiring-pin. Fig. 9 is a transverse section in the line 9 9 of Fig. 3. Fig. 10 is a top view of the cartridge-carrier and its attachments, including the movable jaws for grasping the cartridge; and Fig. 1l isa transverse section in the line 11 1l of Fig. l0. p

Describing the invention in the particular form in which it is illustrated inthe drawings, A represents the metal breech-frame, to which the barrel A and magazine A2 at one end and the stock A3 at the other end are secured.

B is the guard-lever.

\ C is they breech-bolt.

D is the. tiring-pin within the bolt.

S' is. the mainspring` actuating the tiringpin, vand Eris the carrier.

The guard-lever Bis biturcated from the point'bto, its inner extremity and embraces the-projection F on the breech-frame, to which projection it; is fulcrumed. The fulcrum is a pin b', inserted throughthe branches of .the guard-lever` and provided with the frictionroller h2. This furlcrum-pin has bearing in a slotf, formed in the frame projection and having the two directions indicated in Fig. 2, or,v i-n other words, proceeding from-its'inner end outward a short distance in thex arc of a circle. drawn from the center of the bear# ing4 projections near the extremities of the guard-lever branches and for the remainder ot its length being straight and about at a right angle' with the barrel.

At or near their` extreme' inner ends the branches of the bifureated guard-lever. are provided withV short oppositely-arranged and inwardly-directed studs b3 b3, Fig.. 8, which engage correspondingly-shaped forwardly-diT rected shoulders d on the tiring-pin near the front end ot the latter. The ends of the branches ot the guard-lever are also rounded `concentricwith these studs, and the sides of 3 and 6,.to admit these branchesof the guardlever into engagement with the tiring-pin, as described, and also to form shoulders or bear# ings at c c, against which the rounded ends ofsaid branches of theguard-lever may bear for the purpose of holding the bolt irmly against the breech. The guard-lever is provided with shoulders at B', which bear against surfaces of the breech-frame to meet the pressure of' tiring upon the bolt, said shoulders B- being formed upon the arc of a circle having forl its center the cen-ter of the studs h3 or of the rounded extremities of the the milled recesses of the bolt C and adapted' tobearagainst the rearwardly-directed shoulders c of said recesses. The arm G is pivoted at its forward end to ahead I, (shown in front elevation in Fig. 7,) which occupies a notch c2 in the lower part of the front end of the bolt C, Fig. 3, and is provided with a shank t', Iitted to slide in a lengthwise hole c3, formed in the lower portion of the bolt, as best shown in Figs. 2 and 8.

Between the rear wall of the not-che2 and the shoulders c', parallel with said rear wall of the notch c2, the bolt is left its full size and circular form. The distance between lines in .the side view of said bolt: presented in Fig.. 3.V The head l is of such thickness thatwhen its. rear face bears against the rear t Wall of the notch c2 its frontface is: ush with the bottom ofthe recess c4. Belovwthis flush surface the head I is extendedy forwardly in the transversely-curved direction shown in Fig. 7 to form av continu-ation of, thecircular rim c5, which surrounds the' recess. or depression c4 and by' which the cartridgefhead kis laterally embraced. The. pivot-pin g, which unites. the arm G with the branch-es ot the guard-lever B, passes through-ashortobliqu'e slot insaid arm, as indicated in'Fig. 3,.said slot being formed in the arc ot" a vcircledrawnfrom the center of the studs b5. on thegnard- I lever branches when the. guard-lever isl at its 1 inner position (shown in Fig. 2). and beingot' such length as to allowvibration of theguardlever far enough to clear its-.abutting shoulder B from the breech-frame-without retract? ing movement of the bolt. the` bolt are. milled away, as indicatedin Figs;

ln the top of the bolt is arranged a-longilever not only retracts the bolt, but withdraws the cartridge-shell, and said cartridgeshell by. its engagementawiith the barrel and with the hook C bears at the lower part :of its head against the end of the sliding head l, so as to hold said head against the `rear wall of the notch c2, notwithstanding .the prying action of the guard-lever at its bearings b3 0n the tiring-pin and at g on ythe IOO IIO

arm G. In consequence ot the presence of vthe cartridge-shell, therefore, thep-ressure of the mainsp'ringf actingv on the inner end of the bolt is communicated th rough the pivot g, the arm G, the head I, the cartridgeshell, (laterally to the bal-rch) and to the hook C to retard the movement of the bolt until the cartridge-shell escapes the barrel, whereupon the bolt flies back into bearing against the points g on the arm G, and by this movement the cartridge is fiipped out of the opening in the top of the breech-frame. The mainspring is thus the force by which the cartridge-shell is discharged. The range of movement on the part of the bolt is sufficient to allow a loaded cartridge to be thus flipped out of the breech-frame opening. In this retraction of the bolt and firing-pin .the latter is manifestly carried farther back than the bolt. Vhen the firing-pin and bolt have nearly but not quite reached the rear eX- tremity of their movement, the spring-pawl d', pivoted in the lower rear portion of the bolt,

l engages the notch d3 in the firing-pin and holds thefiring-pin cocked during the forward movement of the bolt and till let off by the trigger through the medium of thelever H. Said lever H is pivoted to the upper end of the inward projection F on the breech-frame, the front end h of said lever being in position beneath the front arm of the cocking-pawl d when the bolt is in its forward position, as shown in Fig. 2, The rear end h of the level' H is in position to be engagedV by the overhanging hookj on the upper end of the trigger J, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Said lever H is provided with an upper rear projection h3, having the form of a forwardly-directed hook reaching nearly to theinner surface of the upper part of the breech-frame and adapted to be engaged by a sliding hook H having a forward and backward motion and extending through thebreech-frame, so asto beaccessible for the purpose of locking the lever H against movement when desired, and thus preventing the release of the firing-pin from the dog d' by any force accidentally applied to the trigger J.

H3 is a spring provided with a notch h3, which engages the pin h4 on the slide H when the latter is in position to lock the lever H against movement by the trigger, and H3 is a spring arranged to normally hold the lever H out of engagement with the pawl d.

.To prevent the firing-pin from being accidentally let off against the cartridge, so as to discharge the latter before the lever B is fully thrown against the breech-frame and the bolt C is carried firmly against the breech of the barrel, said firing-pin is provided with lateral shoulders d3, and the branches of the guardlever are provided with projections h4, which are adapted to swing in front of the shoulders Z3 as the guard-lever approaches its inner position and the breech-bolt approaches at b5, so that when the bolt is fully thrown against the barrel and the guard-lever is fully thrown against the breech-frame the projection cl3 on the firing-pin may pass below the projections b4 and strike the cartridge when the trigger is operated.

K is a detent-spring or gab secured in the inner surface of one side of the breech-frame `suitable spring with light springs e, arranged to open them and projecting therefrom, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3,`in position to engage the prolonged fulcrum-pin o of the guard-lever when said guard-lever occupies its innermost position,

as shown in Fig. 2.

The carrier or carrier-block E is pivoted at `carrier-block upward and to direct the cartridge to the barrel A', as indicated in Fig. 3. The spring E3, fixed to an inner projection F on the breech-frame, engages a depression at e3 in the upper surface of the carrier-block near its pivot e to hold the said carrier-block in its elevated position while the bolt is being thrown forward during the first part of its forward motion and until the cartridge is started into the barrel.

E3 is an arm pivoted to the bottom of the breech-frame in front of the pivot e, on which the carrier-block E turns, said arm E3 occupying loosely a longitudinal slot e4 in said.

carrier-block, as shown in Figs. 3 and ll. At the free end of said arm E3 are two projections or jaws E4 and E3, which rise above the carrier-block E and extend outwardly in opposite directions above said block. These jaws E4 and E5 are for the purpose of grasping the cartridge which rests on the carrier-j block E and holding it laterally in the plane of the axis of the barrel, so that when the bolt advances it will direct the cartridge more easily and certainly into the barrel. To this end said jaws are pivoted on the arm, E3 to afford the lateral movement necessary to the free admission of the cartridge as it passes from the magazine to the carrier and for their subsequent grasp of the cartridge.

The compression of the jaws E4 E5 upon the cartridge is produced by the carrier-block in the rising movement of the latter, the arm E3 being lifted solely by pressure of the branches of the carrier-block against the inclined sides of the jaws (see Fig. l1) and the arm E3 being made to oppose such lifting action by a The jaws are provided when the carrier-block is depressed to its lowermost position, said springs e3 readily yielding when the bolt pushes the cartridge `forward into the barrel. the barrel. Said projections o4 are undercut As a special an d independent improvement, a portion F2 of the breech-frame is made detachable from other parts of said frame, and upon such detachable and removable portion F3 of said breech-frame are mounted the trigger J, the lever H, the guard-lever B, the carrier-block E, the arm E3, and the springs E2 and H3.

Said detachable plate F3 is held in. 1place by means of a single screw or pinL.

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in Figs. 2 and 3.) To enable this single screw a to retain theplate F2, the forward end of said plate is transversely grooved at f to bear Aagainst the through-pin f2, (shown in Figs.' 2, 3, 'and 5,) andl the rear end vof said plate is slightly beveled vinwardly and forwardly, as indicated at f3 in Figs; 2 and 3, to bear against a similarly-inclined surface of the fixed part of the breech-frame. Upon the withdrawal of the single screw L, therefore, the plate F2 may bel easilyremoved,and lwith it all ofthe parts theretoconnected, including the arm G and the slide rvI,which is pivoted to the forward end of the said arm G.

To permit the removal yof the guard-lever, withthe platev F?, thewprojections bi on. the extreme inner end ofsaidguard-,lever are removable rdownward or in a direction ofthe guardflever, (when thrown into the position shown in Fig`.`3,)ithe central portion of the bolt `beingcut away to admit'of their passage Vin that direction, as indicated by dotted lines at c6 in Fig. 3 and by full lines in Fig. 6,

which presents an under side view of -said bolt detached. In this disengagementof the guard-lever from the tiring-pin and the `bolt by drawing it downward lengthwise when in the position shown `in Fig.- 3 the projections g on the arm G are also disengaged from the shoulders c of said bolt. guard-lever is disengaged from thefiring-pin and bolt in the manner just described said m of which is arranged lengthwise of theY breech-frame and in the path of the slide I and the short arm m of which stands out normally in position to oppose the egress of a cartridge from themagazineAz. In the forward motion of the bolt carrying the block I said block presses inward on the inclined long arm mof the spring M and carries its short arm m out ofthe way of the cartridge, so as to allow a cartridge to be fed by the usual spring behind it to a position upon the carrier-block E. In Fig. 9 two such springs are shown, one at each side of the path 'of the cartridge and of the slide I; butin practice a single spring will serve the purpose. The slide I hasits sides vertical and its upper edge horizontal and in bearing upon a horizontal surface of the cylindric bolt C, so that by means of saidslide I, running lbetween the side walls of the breech-frame, the cylindrc bolt C is prevented from rotation.

I claim as my invention l'. In a breech-loading firearm, the coniibi'-,y

As soon as the nation, with a reciprocating breech-bolt, of a lever for throwing the bolt and having a yfulcrum-pin fixed thereiniand a breech-framev provided with a projection having a slot in which the fu'lcrum-pin of the lever-works.

2. The combina-tion, with a reciprocating breech-bolt, a firing-pin longitudinally/movable inthebolt, and a spring betweenthe boltV `and the iiring-pimof a lever engaged 1with Ithe firingpin`for the retraction of the firingpin and bolt and engaged with the bolt for theadvancement of the latter. v

3. The combination, with areciprocating breech-bolt, a firingfpin longitudinally movable in the bolt, and a spring-between the bolt and the lfiring-pin, of a lever engaged-Iwith the tiring-pin forA the retraction offthefiringpin andv bolt and engaged 'withV the fbolt' for the advancement-of theiatter, saidlever -having a shoulder which abuts 4againstfa shoulderin the breech-frame to hold the-bolt against the breech. v

4. The combination,-with a reciprocating breech-bolt, a firing-pin within thevbolt, and

. the mainspring also within thebolt, off a lever arranged to press backward on the firing pin in retracting the bolt,and an arinpivoted to the lever'at a distance from that 'end thei-eofwhichl engages the firing-pin,- said arm bearing `forwardly against the bolt.

"5. The combination, with the barrel, of a reciprocating breech-bolt, a firing-'pin longiable inthe bolt and provided with a forwardly-direeted shoulder or shoulders, and a main- .spring engaging the `bolt and firingfpin, ofV a pawl in the bolt engaging the tiring-:pinin-its retracted positionV with reference tothe bolt, a lever engaging the bolt to advance the `latter, and one or more projections on the lever arranged to swing into the path of the forward projection or projections on the tiringpin when the bolt proximates its advanced position, said projections on the lever `being clear of the firing-pin when the breech-bolt is in position against the barrel.

7. The combination, with the reciprocating breech bolt, the 'iringpin and the mainspring therein, and a pawl carried by the 4bolt for engaging the firing-pin in its cockedposi- IOO ItIO

tion, of a trigger and an intermediate lever,

the mainspring, and a detent-pawl carried by` the boltand adapted for 'engagement with With said intermediate lever.

9. In combination with a reciprocating breech-bolt and a pivoted lever for retracting said bolt, a carrier-block pivotally supported Within the breech-frame and having a rearwardly-extended arm provided with one or more lateral projections arranged in the path of the lever, whereby the latter tilts the carrier-block at or near the rear end of the retracting movement of the lever.

lO. In combination with a pivoted carrierblock providedwith a slot, an arm pivoted in front of the pivot of the carrier-block and occupying the slot i thereof, said arm beingprovided with pivoted automatically opening jaws which spread above the Walls of the slot in the carrier-block.

1l. The guard-lever provided with a shoulder B3 and fuicrum-pinb', in combination with a reciprocating bolt engaged by the inner end 'of the guard-lever, and a breechframe provided With a projection F, having a slot f, the inner portion of which is substantially in the direction of an arc drawn from the axial point of bearing of the guardlever upon the breech-bolt when the latter is in its extreme forward position.

l2. The combination, with a laterally-recessed breech-bolt andaring-pin Within the bolt provided with forwardly-directed shoulders which are exposed in the recesses of the bolt, of a bifurcated guard-lever provided with inwardly-projecting studs which engage with the forwardly-directed shoulders on the firing-pin, a fulcrum-pin fixed in the branches of the bifurcated guard-lever, and a projection lon the breechrframe occupying the slot in the guard-lever and provided With a slot for the fulcruni-pin of said lever.

13. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with a reciprocating breech-bolt, of a detachable part of the breech-frame having a projection provided With a slot, and a guardlever having a fulcrum-pin Working in said slot and detachably engaging with the bolt and firing-pin, said detachable part of the breech-frame having connected therewith the trigger mechanism and the carriermeohanism, as Well as the guard-lever, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

IVERT LARSEN.

Witnesses:

M. E. DAYTON, C, CLARENCE POOLE.

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