US458423A

US458423A - Lathe-head

Info

Publication number: US458423A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1891-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 1908-08-25

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Modem M. C. JOHNSON.

LATHE HEAD. Y No. 458,423. Patented Aug. 25,1891.

Wz'meww: n

I 61 i 7J Invair/far.'

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M, C. JOHNSON.

. LATHB HEAD. No. 458,423. Patented Aug. 25,1891.

d1 7" 7 fr; a J7 a 7 2J v E e .e4 6 ,e1 H

41 6J i: 4 62, J9 da q a J5 606/ 11 17 16d-4 1? z3 9 [y O O l/f' 4- O a1 O 12, a I' 79 @ZI 'e 2,0 l l 1': ff@

mi nouns Parnu en., mmmuo., wmmou, n. c.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

M. o. JOHNsoN.

LATHB HEAD.

Patented Aug. 25, 1891.

buien/ier:

UNITED STATES PATENT lEEicE.

MOSES C. JOHNSON, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

LATHE-HEAD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,423, dated August 25, 1891.

Application filed January 7, 1891. Serial No. 377,005. (No model.) v

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MOSES C. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford,in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lathe -Heads, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to clutch-heads for lathes and screw machines, the object being to furnish a back-geared lathe or lathe-head comprising clutch mechanism for changing the speed of the spindle while the machineis running, and also to provide an increased number of speeds relative to the number of grades on the driving cone-pulley.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure l is a plan view, partially in section, of a lathehead embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section or sectional plan View of the lathe-head. Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 2, showing the back shaft thrown back to disengage the back gearing from the spindle-gears and showing also some other details in different positions. Fig. et is a front elevation of the lathe-head frame, together with certain details carried thereby. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 4. Fig. is an enlarged plan view of the clutch-ring carrier. Fig. 7 is an end elevation ot' the same. Fig. Sis an end View of one of the clutelrrings. Fig. 9 is a side View of said ring. Fig. lOshows the wedge in plan view and end elevation, respectively. Fig. 1l Shows a plan View and side elevation of the clutch-lever carrier. Fig. 12 is a pian view of theclutch-levers assembled on the clutch-lever carrier.4 Fig. 13 is an end View of the parts shown in Fig. l2. Fig. 14 is aseotional view similar to a portion of Fig. 2, showing a different form of clutch for engaging and disengaging the loosely-mounted back gears on the back shaft.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

The lathe-head frame may be of any ordinary description-as, for instance, the wellknown form thereof shown in the drawings, consisting of the base B, having the uprights Cland D for carrying the spindle-

boxes

2 and 4, (held in place by caps 3 and 5 and screws,

substantially as shown,) `suitable arms, as (l and 8, for carrying the back shaft, and means for carrying the clutch-sleeve-actnating devices. The lathe spindle S is or may be of the ordinary description, being fitted to turn in said boxes 2 and at and adapted to carry the usual chuck or face-plate on the end 7 thereof. i On said spindle, contiguous to one end of the front bearing 2, there is the usual latch-gear l0, which may be fixed on the spindle by means of a lVoodruff key 9, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Beyond this gear the cone-pulley P is fitted to freely rotate on the spindle between said gear l0 and the collar l2, which collar is keyed to the spindle by a suitable key, as ll, and is Aheld in place longitudinally by the nut 13, as

will be understood from Figs. 2 and 3. The driving cone-pulleyP may be of any suitable construction-as, for instance, the composite construction shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and consisting of the collar 14, having the fiange or plate l5, and the cone proper consisting of the several grades p 292133, connected by the disks or

plates

16 and 17. At its larger end said cone fits the aforesaid fiangel and at itsvsmaller end fits the left-hand end of the collar l-f, being permanently fastened to said flange and collar in a well-known manner by a system of pins. (Not shown.) The conepulley P carries two dri ving-gears 18 and.20, fixed to the right and left hand ends thereof, respectively, substantially as shown. The larger gear 1S is shown carried on the righthand end of the collar le of the cone P, being fixed thereto by the key 1f), while the other gear or pinion 2O is fixed to the left-hand end of Said cone by suitable screws and pins. (Not shown.) This preferred and usual construction of the driving-cone may ofcourse be modified in various ways within the scope and limits of my invention. The back shaft or backgear shaft is supported substantially parallel to the `lathe spindle-head and is carried by means constructed for shifting said shaft toward and from the Iathespindle, whereby to engage and disengage the back gears from the spindle-gears. This movement may be accomplished by supporting the back shaft by journals at the ends thereof in IOO spindle after an old and well-known manner. I prefer, however, to employ the well-known tubular back shaft 22, carried on an eccentric shaft 24, which is supported by

eccentric journals

21 and 23 in the

bearings

25 and 27, formed on the aforesaid lathe-head arms 6 and 8, respectively. As shown in Fig. 2, said eccentric shaft 24 stands forward of the axis of its said journals, while in Fig. 3 said shaft stands back of said axis, as will be understood from the dotted lines in said figures. For turning said shaft to shift the tubular back shaft from its forward to its rearward position, and vice versa, the eccentricI shaft is provided at one end thereof with the handle H, a suitable stop (not shown) being usually provided for limiting the rotary movement of said eccentric shaft. The back shaft 22 has xed or formed thereon the driving-pinion 26, adapted to mesh with and drive the aforesaid spindle-gear 10. The back shaft carries, mounted to freely rotate thereon,two

gears

28 and 30, meshing with the aforesaid large and small cone-pulley gears 18 and 20, respectively. The larger back-shaft gear 30 is provided with the friction-rim 3l, while the smaller back-shaft gear 28 is provided with the similar friction-rim 29. Between said frictionrims the back shaft carries the friction-ring carrier 32, which carrier is rigidly iixed on said shaft by suitable means-as, for instance, the keys 33. Said carrier 32 is extended, of reduced diameter at each end thereof, within said friction-rims. The right-hand end 34 of the carrier is furnished with the friction-ring 35, while the left-hand end 36 of said carrier carries the corresponding friction-ring 37, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. The construction of the clutch details is best shown in Figs. 6 to 13, inclusive, reference being had also to the views of the assembled clutch mechanism in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The friction-ring carrier 32 has on the opposite sides thereof the

similar slots

39 and 41, in which the clutch-

lever carriers

38 and 40, and also the wedges 42 and 44, are fitted to slide. At one end of said grooves each of the same is widened to form chambers 43 and 45 for receiving the clutchlevers, as will be understood from Figs. 1, 6, and 7. The wedge 42 in the groove 41 operates the levers 46 and 48 for operating the clutch-ring 35, while the wedge 44 in the opposite groove stands in a reverse direction for operating the opposite set of clutch-levers 50 and 52 to actuate the opposite clutch-ring 37. The fulcrum-

bearings

47 and 49 and 51 and 53 of the clutch-levers iitin correspondingsockets 54 and 56 and 55 and 57, respectively, freely in the clutch-ring, as will be understood by comparison of Figs. 1, 8, 9, 12, and 13. On their inner sides opposite their fulcrum-bearings, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, said levers are fitted to the clutch-lever pivot-screw 58, which screw is secured in the carrier 40 by a clamp-screw 59, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 13. lVhen thus assembled, said levers act on the principle of a toggle-joint to expandthe friction-ring within its frictionrim by forcing apart 'the

ends

60 and 61 of said ring, Figs. 1, 8, and 9. During this operation the wedge of course enters between the arms 50 and 52 of the clutch-levers,whilc the carrier 40 and its pivot-screw 58 slide in the groove of the clutch-ring carrier. For reversely actuating the clutch-levers to release the clutch a spring, as 62, is provided, which acts through a plunger, as 63, bearing against the inner end of said carrier, as shown in Fig. 3 and indicated in Fig. 7. The clutch-ring opposite to its aforesaid sockets 55 and 57 is furnished with a key, as 64, which lits in one end of the carrier-groove, being held in place by a suitable screw, as 65. By this means on expanding the clutch-ring within the friction-rim the driving-power is communicated to the carrier 32 through said key 64 instead of through the sliding lever-carrier 40, thereby avoiding any tendency of said carrier to stick in its groove. The wedges 42 and 44 are connected by

screws

67 and 68, respectively, to the inner side of the clutch-sleeve 66, which sleeve has a groove 69 formed on the outer side thereof for receiving thc fork 70, which is fixed to the lefthand end of the shipper-rod 72. This rod, bcing fixed in the lower end of said fork by the nut 7l, is supported to slide in

bearings

74 and 76, formed on the frame B, and actuated by the handle 73 through the shaft 75 and the segment 77, fixed on said shaft and meshing with the teeth 78 on the shipper-rod. Said shipper-shaft is shown carried in bearings formed in the forward end of the lathe-head frame, the said segment and handle fixed thereon being of relatively short radii; but obviously said shaft may be located lower in or below said frame.

Vhen organized as herein described, my improved -clutch-head is adapted for three modes of operation, the first being shown in Fig. 3, wherein the back shaft is thrown back to disengage all of its gears from the conepulley and spindle-gears, the cone-pulley being locked to the spindle by the sliding dog or lock-bolt 80, which engages in the mortise 79, Fig. 2, of the cone-pulley gear 18, said bolt being fitted to slide in the slot 81 of the spindle-gear 10 and provided with the thumb-nut 82 for setting said bolt in its inner position (shown in Fig. 2) or its outer and Working position. (Shown in Fig. 3.)

The second mode of operation is shown in Fig. 1, wherein the back shaft is thrown forward to engage all of the gears thereon with the cone-pulley and spindlegears, the smaller clutch-gear 28 being frictionally fixed to the back shaft by its aforesaid clutch, as indicated by the position of the clutch-sleeve 66, which is shown shifted to its right-hand position, thereby forcing the wedge 42 between the levers of the clutch-ring 35, thus engaging' said ring with the rim 29 of said gear 28.

IOO

IIO

IIS

In this arrangement the larger cone-pulley gear 18 drives the back shaft through the said smaller' clutch-gear 28, and the shaft thus rotated drives the spindle through the pinion 26 and the spindle-gear 10. This portion of the gearing mayof course be used, as set forth, with the driving-belt on three of the grades p', p2, and p3 of the cone-pulley, thus obtaining three speeds in addition to the three obtained without the use of the back gearing.

The third arrangement is that in which the back gears stand in engagement, as in Figs. 1 and 2, while the friction-sleeve 66 is shifted toward the left hand, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, thereby, in a similar manner to that just described, frictionally fixing the larger back gear 30 to the back shaft. In this arrangement the smaller cone-pulley gear 2O meshes with said largest back-shaft gear 30, rotates said back shaft at a correspondinglyreduced speed, and drives the spindlethrough the aforesaid pinion 26 of the back shaft and spindle-gear 10, thus .obtaining three additional still slower speeds for the lathe-spindle and making nine speeds in all with a threegrade cone-pulley. The difference in spindle speeds obtained by shifting the clutch to engage one or the 'other friction -rim corresponds, of course, to the proportion between' the sets of gears comprising in the one case the

pairs 1S

28 and 26 10 and in the other case t-he pairs 20 30 and 26 10.

It will of course be understood that the particular kind and construction of clutch herein shown and described is not essential to my present improvements; but I have shown and described herein the clutch which I deem the most suitable and effective for the.

required purpose, it being the improved clutch described and claimed in Letters Patent No. 298,979, granted to me May 20, 1884.

By placing the clutch on the back shaft in accordance with my present improvement the amount of power transmitted through the shaft is reduced in proportion to the gearing, whereas by the old method of placing the clutch on the spindle the clutch-faces necessarily held the whole power of the machine. The clutch, being located on the back shaft contiguous to the first or large gear of said shaft, occupies the space adjacent to the small grades of the cone-pulley, thus facilitating compactness of construction, while leaving ample room for the mechanism. Another advantage of this construction is that the clutch mechanism is always accessible for disassembling the lathe-head.

Instead of the preferred form of frictionclutch herein described in connection with Figs. l to 13, inclusive, I may substitute the well-known form of toothed clutch shown in sectional view in Fig. 14. In this form of the clutch-head the back shaft is supposed to be laterally movable, as above described; but the loosely-mounted back gears 28 and 30, instead of beingprovided with friction-rims, are

furnished with the clutch-teeth 83 and Si, respectively, while the back shaftis provided with the sliding clutch 85, splined thereto and having the clutch-teeth S6 and S7 for engaging with the teeth of said gears, respectively. The sliding clutch has or may have a groove 8S, corresponding to the groove 69 in the sliding sleeve G6, whereby the toothed clutch may be operated by means of a fork carried on the sliding clutch-rod 72 and corresponding to the above-described fork 70. It will be obvious that the usual operation of my improved lathe-head is the same, whichever type of back-shaft clutch may be employed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- I. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe-spindle and a gear iixed thereon, of the driving-pulleycarrying a driving-gear, the back shaft supported to be shifted toward and from the lathe-spindle and driving-pulley and carrying a gear adapted to mesh with the spindle-gear, a gear loosely mounted on the back shaft and adapted to mesh with the pulley-gear, a clutch for engaging and disengaging the loosely-mounted gear with and from the back shaft, and means for shifting t-he back shaft toward and from the lathe-spindle. i

2. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe-spindle and a gear fixed thereon, of the driving-pulley carrying two drivinggears of different diameters, the back shaft carrying a gear meshing with the spindlegear, two gears loosely mounted on the back shaft and meshing with the large and small pulley-gears, respectively, and a clutch for engaging and disengaging the loosely-mounted gears with and from the back shaft.

3. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe-spindle and a gear fixed thereon, of the driving pulley carrying two drivinggears of different diameters, the back shaft supported to be shifted toward and from the lathe-spindle and driving-pulley and carrying a gear adapted to mesh with the spindle- IOO gear, two gears loosely mounted on the back shaft and adapted to mesh with the large and small pulley-gears, respectively, a clutch for engaging and disengaging the looselymounted gears with and from the back shaft, and means for shifting the back shaft toward and from the lathe-spindle,

4. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe -spindle and a gear fixed thereon,

of the driving-pulley carrying two drivinggears of different diameters, the back shaft carrying a gear meshing with the spindlegear, two gears loosely mounted on the back shaft and'meshing with the large and small pulleygears, respectively, each of saidlooselymounted gears having a friction-rim, sub-A stantially as described, a friction-clutch, substantially as described, carried on the back shaft and constructed 4for engaging each of said friction-rims alternately, and means,sub

stantally as described, for operating said andhavingasliding clutch-sleeve, of theslidlutch. ing c1uteh-1-od and the fork carried on said 5. In a. lathe-head, the combination, with rod and engaging said sliding sleeve. the later-allymovable back shaft'earrying 5 back gears loosely mounted thereon and pro- Witnesses:

vided wit-h a. clutch for engaging and dsen- H. MALLNER, gaging said gears with and from the shaft HENRY L. RECKARD.

MOSES C. JOHNSON.