US456898A - Charles b - Google Patents
Charles b Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US456898A US456898A US456898DA US456898A US 456898 A US456898 A US 456898A US 456898D A US456898D A US 456898DA US 456898 A US456898 A US 456898A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- lead
- hundred
- aluminum
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 twenty-four parts Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
- C22C11/08—Alloys based on lead with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
- C22C11/10—Alloys based on lead with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent with tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67144—Apparatus for mounting on conductive members, e.g. leadframes or conductors on insulating substrates
Definitions
- My invention relates to a certain new and improved anti-friction alloy to be used in the manufacture of bearings, steps, &c., the object of the invention being to produce an antifriction alloy which will withstand the strain to which it would necessarily be subjected when used as a bearing or step.
- My composition is made by the use of the following substances, in proportions between the following limits, substantially as stated, viz: lead,two hundred to four hundred parts; antimony, forty to eighty parts; tin, fifteen to thirty parts; aluminum, one to five parts. These proportions will vary between the limits stated, depending upon the quality of the lead. Hard lead will require less of the other ingredients than Will soft lead. Ordinarily the proportions about midway between the eX- tremes mentioned will be found most satis factory. These proportions, expressed in the nearest whole numbers, are, about, lead, three hundred and twenty parts; antimony, sixtyfour parts; tin, twenty-four parts; aluminum, two parts.
- sal ammoniac employing from five-eighths to one and one-fourth part, by weight, as compared with the lead, the salammoniao being added to the lead when molten, mass stirred, and the scum and dross removed from time to ti me.
- the metallic ingredients are melted and added one by one, as named, care being taken to avoid overheating or excessive oxidation.
- the aluminum is alloyed by uniting it with any of the other metals, then adding to the mass; or it may be introduced by putting it under (with tongs) the molten mass of the other metals.
- This alloy containing the proportion of aluminum, is hard and particularly adapted for use with journals carrying great weight and revolving at a comparatively low speed.
- the present alloy is superior for this purpose over the softer alloy containing bismuth, covered by Letters Patent N 0. 429,158, granted to S. Singley June 3, 1890.
- composition of matter for anti-friction purposes consisting of lead, from two hundred to four hundred parts; antimony, forty to eighty parts; tin, fifteen to thirty parts, and aluminum, one to five parts, substantially as described.
- composition of matter for anti-friction purposes consisting of lead, three hundred and twenty parts; antimony, sixty-four parts; tin, twenty-four parts, and aluminum, two parts, substantially as described.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
CHARLES B. MILLER, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.
ANTI-FRICTION ALLOY.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 456,898, dated July 28, 1891.
Application filed June 12, 1890. Serial No. 355,220, (Specimens) To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, CHARLES E. MILLER, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Anti-Friction Alloys; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My invention relates to a certain new and improved anti-friction alloy to be used in the manufacture of bearings, steps, &c., the object of the invention being to produce an antifriction alloy which will withstand the strain to which it would necessarily be subjected when used as a bearing or step.
My composition is made by the use of the following substances, in proportions between the following limits, substantially as stated, viz: lead,two hundred to four hundred parts; antimony, forty to eighty parts; tin, fifteen to thirty parts; aluminum, one to five parts. These proportions will vary between the limits stated, depending upon the quality of the lead. Hard lead will require less of the other ingredients than Will soft lead. Ordinarily the proportions about midway between the eX- tremes mentioned will be found most satis factory. These proportions, expressed in the nearest whole numbers, are, about, lead, three hundred and twenty parts; antimony, sixtyfour parts; tin, twenty-four parts; aluminum, two parts. In preparing and cleaning the lead I prefer to use sal ammoniac, employing from five-eighths to one and one-fourth part, by weight, as compared with the lead, the salammoniao being added to the lead when molten, mass stirred, and the scum and dross removed from time to ti me. I also prefer to use from seven and one-half to fifteen parts, by
weight, of graphite in a powdered condition, and I have found such use of sal-ammoniao and graphite of great benefit in improving and affecting the quality of the result-ant composition. The metallic ingredients are melted and added one by one, as named, care being taken to avoid overheating or excessive oxidation. The aluminum is alloyed by uniting it with any of the other metals, then adding to the mass; or it may be introduced by putting it under (with tongs) the molten mass of the other metals.
This alloy, containing the proportion of aluminum, is hard and particularly adapted for use with journals carrying great weight and revolving at a comparatively low speed. The present alloy is superior for this purpose over the softer alloy containing bismuth, covered by Letters Patent N 0. 429,158, granted to S. Singley June 3, 1890.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
l. The composition of matter for anti-friction purposes, consisting of lead, from two hundred to four hundred parts; antimony, forty to eighty parts; tin, fifteen to thirty parts, and aluminum, one to five parts, substantially as described.
2. The composition of matter for anti-friction purposes, consisting of lead, three hundred and twenty parts; antimony, sixty-four parts; tin, twenty-four parts, and aluminum, two parts, substantially as described.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
CHAS. B. MILLER.
Witnesses:
JOSEPH LIGHTOWLE, C. E. THORNALL.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US456898A true US456898A (en) | 1891-07-28 |
Family
ID=2525774
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US456898D Expired - Lifetime US456898A (en) | Charles b |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US456898A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2737712A (en) * | 1952-07-23 | 1956-03-13 | Fred E Larson | Solder and process for making and using same |
-
0
- US US456898D patent/US456898A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2737712A (en) * | 1952-07-23 | 1956-03-13 | Fred E Larson | Solder and process for making and using same |
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