US4558228A - Energy converter - Google Patents
Energy converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4558228A US4558228A US06/509,442 US50944283A US4558228A US 4558228 A US4558228 A US 4558228A US 50944283 A US50944283 A US 50944283A US 4558228 A US4558228 A US 4558228A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- generator
- energy converter
- turbine
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
- F01D25/22—Lubricating arrangements using working-fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/42—Asynchronous induction generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
- H02K7/083—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Definitions
- the present invention concerns an energy converter comprising a boiler, a turbine, a condenser, a feed pump and a generator and, if needed, a recuperator and a pre-feeding pump, in said energy converter the thermal energy to be supplied to the boiler having been arranged to maintain a cyclic process driving the generator and thereby to produce electricity, and in said energy converter the turbine, generator and feed pump having a joint rotor.
- the planned and constructed experimental plants are however usually based on conventional power plant technology, in other words, they comprise an impulse turbine, speed changing gears, slip ring seals, a lubrication system, a vacuum pump, etc. This implies that they require maintenance, their efficiency is low and they are expensive.
- hermetic designs in the U.S. patents cited above
- liquid-lubricated bearings have been employed, which at the very high speeds of rotation involved wear out relatively fast and also require a special pipe system to convey the lubricating liquid of the present invention is to achieve an improvement in these energy converters of prior art.
- a more detailed object of the invention is to provide an energy converter the Rankine process of which is totally enclosed, thereby obviating seals and vacuum pumps, and wherein the bearing arrangement has been carried out with virtually wear-free gas bearings (with continuous service life more than 100,000 hrs), of which the radial bearings function with the ambient process fluid vapour, and that for turbine and feed pump are used inexpensive single-stage radial machines in which the lower surface of the turbine rotor constitutes one abutment face of a gas thrust bearing.
- the converter has been rendered maintenance-free and, moreover, low in price owing to its simplicity.
- the minimal friction of a gas bearing compared with liquid-lubricated ones, improves the efficiency of the turbo-generator.
- the objectives of the invention are attained by means of an energy converter which is mainly characterized in that the shaft has been rotatably carried with gas-dynamic bearings using the vapour of the circulating fluid, and that the lower surface of the turbine rotor has been disposed to serve as one abutment face of a gas-static thrust bearing.
- the energy converter of the invention may be provided with valves, and the condenser placed at a suitable elevation so that the apparatus is able to start on thermal power alone.
- FIG. 1 presents the flow circuit of the energy converter of the invention.
- FIG. 2 presents an advantageous embodiment of the central part of the energy converter of FIG. 1, i.e., the combination of turbo-generator and feed pump, in schematic sectional view.
- FIG. 3 shows the schematic cross section of the generator rotor of the means of FIG. 2 in the case in which the generator is a synchronous machine.
- the general design of the energy converter according to the invention depicted in FIG. 1 is as follows.
- the circulating fluid for instance C 2 Cl 3 F 3
- the circulating fluid is evaporated with the aid of waste heat energy in the boiler 10; it expands in the turbine 11, cools down in the recuperator 12 (which may or may not be provided) and condenses in the condenser 13, in which e.g. raw water or outdoor air serves as the condensation-inducing fluid 14.
- the feed pump 16 feeds the circulating fluid directly or through the recuperator 12 (if incorporated in the process) back to the boiler 10.
- the circuit moreover comprises a prefeeding pump 15 to counteract cavitation in the feed pump 16.
- the high frequency current 18 produced by the generator 17 is converted by the circuit 19 to become a stabilized current 20 fit to be fed into the standard electric network. If an asynchronous machine is used for generator, the electric circuit 19 also supplies the magnetizing current.
- the turbine 11, the generator 17 and the feed pump 16 have a joint rotor shaft 36.
- FIG. 2 In FIG. 2 are shown the salient components of the combination of the turbo-generator and feed pump set apart in FIG. 1 with dotted lines.
- the expansion of the circulating fluid vapour takes place in the radial turbine 11, the lower surface of its rotor 21 at the same time serving as one surface of the gas-static thrust bearing 22.
- the supporting gas film in the bearing in question is produced with fresh vapour 23.
- the type of the generator 17 may be either an asynchronous machine, in which case the rotor 25 must have some kind of squirrel-cage winding and the stator 26 must be supplied with magnetizing power e.g.
- the radial bearings 24 are gas-dynamic bearings, operating with the ambient process fluid vapour, without separate supply.
- the bearings 24 of the gas-dynamic type are preferably tilting pad bearings (in German: Kippsegmentlager) which are stable even at very high angular velocities and simultaneous minor radial loads. Ordinary ball bearings would wear our very rapidly, as would liquid-lubricated hydrodynamic bearings; and the conventional hydrodynamic bearings or conventional gas bearings would in addition be unstable in the mode of loading here concerned.
- the feed pump 16 is a single-stage turbo pump with contactless seal.
- the leakage flow 27 is returned to the condenser 13.
- the squirrel-cage winding of the rotor 25 of the asynchronous generator may be formed in that simply axial grooves 28 have been cut in a steel cylinder and short-circuiting rings 29 e.g. of copper have been mounted on the ends.
- a design like has great advantages of structural strength in high-speed asynchronous machines.
- the permanently magnetized rotor of the synchronous generator may be constructed, considering the enormous centrifugal forces, in the following way.
- a sleeve 34 made of aluminium or another non-magnetic material
- powerful permanent magnets 33 made e.g. of samarium/cobalt
- a band 35 made of a very strong, non-magnetic material, such as reinforced plastic, is applied tightly over the sleeve.
- the boiler 10, the recuperator 12 (if any) and the condenser 13 may be positioned so that after the circulation is interrupted, enough liquid may flow into the boiler 10 via the check valve 30 to suffice as it is evaporated to run the joint rotor of the turbo-generator and feed pump up to operating speed and thus to start up the apparatus on thermal power alone.
- the valve 31 ensures adequate initial pressure.
- the apparatus is a completely hermetic entity: nothing is carried out from the process but the electrical leads, and the bearing arrangements from the turbine, generator and feed pumps have been managed with gas films involving no abrasion of metallic surfaces.
- the pre-feeding pump 15 can be made hermetically sealed and maintenance-free by conventional technique (submerged pumps; ball bearings lubricated by the circulating fluid) thanks to the low operating pressure required. Therefore the invention meets the requirements imposed regarding freedom of maintenance, and calculations have shown that with its aid low costs per unit are achievable for the entire energy converter, as a result of the high efficiency of single-state radial machines and of the simple design of the turbo-generator and feed pump.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI813164A FI66234C (en) | 1981-10-13 | 1981-10-13 | ENERGIOMVANDLARE |
FI813164 | 1981-10-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4558228A true US4558228A (en) | 1985-12-10 |
Family
ID=8514763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/509,442 Expired - Fee Related US4558228A (en) | 1981-10-13 | 1982-10-08 | Energy converter |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4558228A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0090022B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58501681A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3265400D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK261583D0 (en) |
FI (1) | FI66234C (en) |
SU (1) | SU1340598A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1983001482A1 (en) |
Cited By (54)
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US4677307A (en) * | 1984-01-11 | 1987-06-30 | Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet | Process for the realization of cogenerative supply of electricity and heat (cogeneration), particularly in industrial power plants |
US4877985A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1989-10-31 | Byrd William A | Dynamoelectric machine |
US5329771A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1994-07-19 | Oy High Speed Tech Ltd. | Method for securing the lubrication of bearings in a hermetic high-speed machine |
US5469705A (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1995-11-28 | The Nash Engineering Company | Heat recovery in a liquid ring pump seal liquid chiller system |
US5795138A (en) * | 1992-09-10 | 1998-08-18 | Gozdawa; Richard | Compressor |
US6041604A (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2000-03-28 | Helios Research Corporation | Rankine cycle and working fluid therefor |
US6046509A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-04-04 | Tuthill Corporation | Steam turbine-driven electric generator |
US6233938B1 (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2001-05-22 | Helios Energy Technologies, Inc. | Rankine cycle and working fluid therefor |
WO2002093722A2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-11-21 | Ormat Technologies Inc. | Method of and apparatus for producing uninterruptible power |
US6494042B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-12-17 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for producing uninterruptible power |
US20040093869A1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2004-05-20 | Jaakko Larjola | Lead-in structure and a fixing flange for a turbo generator |
US7175385B2 (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2007-02-13 | Man Turbo Ag | Mounting of the rotor of a gas turbine |
US20070266708A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Rapitis Marios K | Self-contained refrigerant powered system |
US20080246281A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-10-09 | Agrawal Giridhari L | Turboalternator with hydrodynamic bearings |
US20090087299A1 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-02 | Agrawal Giridhari L | Foil gas bearing supported high temperature centrifugal blower and method for cooling thereof |
CN101684737A (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-03-31 | 冯显刚 | Heat energy recycled combined power machine |
US20100181771A1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-22 | Roos Paul W | Integrated Hydroelectric Power-Generating System and Energy Storage Device |
WO2011146388A1 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | General Electric International, Inc. | Generator system for an organic rankine cycle |
CN102322300A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2012-01-18 | 诺沃皮尼奥内有限公司 | The turbo-expander that is used for the power generation systems |
WO2012008938A1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | American Hydro Jet Corporation | Integrated hydroelectric power-generating system and energy storage device |
US20120235415A1 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-09-20 | Ebara International Corporation | Power recovery system using a rankine power cycle incorporating a two-phase liquid-vapor expander with electric generator |
US8613195B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2013-12-24 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Heat engine and heat to electricity systems and methods with working fluid mass management control |
US8616323B1 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2013-12-31 | Echogen Power Systems | Hybrid power systems |
US8616001B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2013-12-31 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Driven starter pump and start sequence |
US8739538B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2014-06-03 | General Electric Company | Generating energy from fluid expansion |
US8783034B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2014-07-22 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Hot day cycle |
US8794002B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2014-08-05 | Echogen Power Systems | Thermal energy conversion method |
US8813497B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2014-08-26 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Automated mass management control |
US8839622B2 (en) | 2007-04-16 | 2014-09-23 | General Electric Company | Fluid flow in a fluid expansion system |
US8857186B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2014-10-14 | Echogen Power Systems, L.L.C. | Heat engine cycles for high ambient conditions |
US8869531B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2014-10-28 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Heat engines with cascade cycles |
US8963356B2 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2015-02-24 | America Hydro Jet Corporation | Power conversion and energy storage device |
US8963354B2 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2015-02-24 | Ebara International Corporation | Power recovery system using a rankine power cycle incorporating a two-phase liquid-vapor expander with electric generator |
US8984884B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-03-24 | General Electric Company | Waste heat recovery systems |
US9014791B2 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2015-04-21 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | System and method for managing thermal issues in gas turbine engines |
US9018778B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-04-28 | General Electric Company | Waste heat recovery system generator varnishing |
US9024460B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-05-05 | General Electric Company | Waste heat recovery system generator encapsulation |
US9062898B2 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2015-06-23 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle |
US9091278B2 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2015-07-28 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Supercritical working fluid circuit with a turbo pump and a start pump in series configuration |
US9118226B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2015-08-25 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Heat engine system with a supercritical working fluid and processes thereof |
US9316404B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2016-04-19 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Heat pump with integral solar collector |
US9341084B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2016-05-17 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle for waste heat recovery |
US9441504B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2016-09-13 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | System and method for managing thermal issues in one or more industrial processes |
US9476428B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2016-10-25 | R & D Dynamics Corporation | Ultra high pressure turbomachine for waste heat recovery |
US9638065B2 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2017-05-02 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Methods for reducing wear on components of a heat engine system at startup |
US9752460B2 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2017-09-05 | Echogen Power Systems, Llc | Process for controlling a power turbine throttle valve during a supercritical carbon dioxide rankine cycle |
US9951784B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 | 2018-04-24 | R&D Dynamics Corporation | Mechanically-coupled turbomachinery configurations and cooling methods for hermetically-sealed high-temperature operation |
US10006465B2 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2018-06-26 | R&D Dynamics Corporation | Oil-free water vapor blower |
US20180223731A1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2018-08-09 | Tree Associates Ltd. | Engine |
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US11629638B2 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2023-04-18 | Supercritical Storage Company, Inc. | Three reservoir electric thermal energy storage system |
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GB2298238A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-08-28 | Mark John Snee | Radial turbine and compressor arrangements |
AT411782B (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-05-25 | Parzer Alois Ing | STEAM POWER PLANT |
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WO2014167795A1 (en) | 2013-04-09 | 2014-10-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | Rankine cycle device, expansion system, and expander |
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FI20130325L (en) | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-08 | Visorc Oy | Energy converter and method of operation thereof |
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SE2051385A1 (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-28 | Climeon Ab | Turbine and turbine-generator assembly with magnetic coupling |
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-
1981
- 1981-10-13 FI FI813164A patent/FI66234C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-10-08 WO PCT/FI1982/000042 patent/WO1983001482A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1982-10-08 US US06/509,442 patent/US4558228A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-10-08 EP EP82903147A patent/EP0090022B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-08 JP JP57503206A patent/JPS58501681A/en active Pending
- 1982-10-08 DE DE8282903147T patent/DE3265400D1/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-06-08 DK DK2615/83A patent/DK261583D0/en unknown
- 1983-06-10 SU SU833605556A patent/SU1340598A3/en active
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Cited By (71)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI66234C (en) | 1984-09-10 |
WO1983001482A1 (en) | 1983-04-28 |
DE3265400D1 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
EP0090022B1 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
FI66234B (en) | 1984-05-31 |
DK261583A (en) | 1983-06-08 |
DK261583D0 (en) | 1983-06-08 |
SU1340598A3 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
JPS58501681A (en) | 1983-10-06 |
FI813164L (en) | 1983-04-14 |
EP0090022A1 (en) | 1983-10-05 |
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