US4521463A - One step sealing process - Google Patents
One step sealing process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4521463A US4521463A US06/409,072 US40907282A US4521463A US 4521463 A US4521463 A US 4521463A US 40907282 A US40907282 A US 40907282A US 4521463 A US4521463 A US 4521463A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per liter
- grams per
- sealing
- metal salt
- hydrolyzable metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical class [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052920 inorganic sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical class [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011133 lead Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- MUBKMWFYVHYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Al].[Cu].[Zn] MUBKMWFYVHYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical class [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical class [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003556 H2 SO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical class C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- -1 SO4 Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDUZMNCEGHSBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-octylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO GLDUZMNCEGHSBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDGNNLQZAPXALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-sulfophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1C(O)=O SDGNNLQZAPXALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016264 Bi2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical class [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
- C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
Definitions
- Anodized aluminum must be subsequently sealed to fill the pores in the anodic oxide formed by the anodizing treatment.
- such sealing may comprise treatment with hot water.
- This later patent omits the use of the soluble sulfate SO 4 ion taught by the aforesaid Meyer et al patent.
- the Treiber patent teaches instead the use of 35 to 60 wt. % of a sodium salt of an alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersant with 35 to 60 wt. % of nickel or cobalt acetate with 0.03 to 0.3 wt. % of a sodium lauryl sulfate wetting agent and 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of octyl phenoxy ethanol wetting agent.
- anodized aluminum is sealed by immersion in a sealing solution comprising 2 to 8 grams per liter, preferably 3 to 4 grams per liter, of a hydrolyzable metal salt, 0.25 to 1.5 grams per liter of a salt of a formaldehyde condensation product of an aromatic sulfonic acid and 0.5 to 1.5 grams per liter of a soluble sulfate as SO 4 -- .
- the invention comprises the sealing of anodized aluminum in a solution which will not cause a whitish chalk-like smudge to adhere on the anodized aluminum surface.
- the process can be applied to anodized aluminum surfaces anodized by any of the well-known processes. It is particularly useful in connection with dark color anodizing such as the Duranodic 300 Process described and claimed in Kampert U.S. Pat. No. 3,227,639 which uses a sulfophthalic acid/sulfuric acid electrolyte. However, it is equally useful when applied to uncolored anodic coatings or anodic coatings colored electrolytically or by organic or inorganic means.
- the temperature of the sealing bath should be at least 95° C. and preferably 100° C.
- the time of sealing should be 10 to 15 minutes, preferably at least 12 minutes.
- the hydrolyzable metal salt may be any organic or inorganic salt of a metal.
- the salts of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, sodium and potassium may all be used.
- the salt is a nickel acetate or cobalt acetate salt.
- the concentration of the salt should be from at least 2 to 8 grams per liter. Preferably, the concentration should be 3 to 6 grams per liter, most preferably, about 4 grams per liter.
- the sulfonic acid salt is a soluble salt such as sodium or potassium salt of a formaldehyde condensation product of an aromatic sulfonic acid such as ELOXAN salt.
- concentration of the sulfonic acid salt is from 0.25 to 1.5 grams per liter, preferably about 0.5 to 1.0 grams per liter. While higher concentrations may be used, such serve no useful purpose and may only needlessly increase the cost which would defeat the principal object in eliminating the additional desmudging step.
- the soluble sulfate should be present as SO 4 -- in an aqueous media.
- a suitable and inexpensive source of soluble sulfate is sulfuric acid.
- the sulfate concentration should be from 0.5 to 1.5 grams per liter, preferably about 1 gram per liter based on the weight of the SO 4 -- ion.
- the combination of the hydrolyzable salt and the soluble inorganic sulfate form a sealing substance which will satisfactorily fill the open pores of the porous anodic surface while not adhering to the surface and further providing a substance more easily held in a suspension or dispersion than prior art sealing compounds.
- extrusion samples were prepared from 7029 alloy anodized in H 2 SO 4 for 8 minutes at 3.6 amp./sq. decimeter (ASD) at 35° C. and 2 minutes at 1.8 ASD at the same temperature followed by electrolytic coloring for 10 minutes at 0.2 ASD at 27° C. in an aqueous solution containing 180 g/l H 2 SO 4 +1 g/l Bi 2 O 3 +1 g/l gelatine.
- the anodized extrusion samples were then sealed by immersion for 12 minutes at 100° C. in sealing baths having various combinations of the three ingredients used in the method of the invention, one control sealing bath which omitted the sulfonic acid salt, one sealing bath which omits the soluble sulfate and the conventional two-step process (indicated as control in table).
- the results indicate the marked advantages achieved using the method of the invention, and in particular, when using the preferred ranges of the ingredients.
- the acid dissolution i.e. the amount, in milligrams of oxide coating dissolved per cm 2 also indicates an improvement over prior art processes.
- the soluble sulfate was supplied by using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 0.1 wt. %. It will be noted that the pH of the solutions in the table varies from 5.3 to 5.5. In accordance with the invention, the pH of the sealing solution should be maintained at between 5.2 and 5.6, preferably between 5.3 and 5.5, by addition agents such as sodium hydroxide and acetic acid when required.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Anodized aluminum is sealed in a one step process without the necessity of a further desmudging step. A metal acetate salt is mixed with soluble sulfate ion and a dispersing agent to provide a seal without leaving visible smudge on anodized aluminum.
Description
Anodized aluminum must be subsequently sealed to fill the pores in the anodic oxide formed by the anodizing treatment. In its simplest form, such sealing may comprise treatment with hot water.
However, commercial problems associated with maintaining a good quality seal with water, such as contamination, pH fluctuation and sealing smudge, have necessitated improvements in the sealing process. Such improvements have been directed towards efforts to produce a high quality seal while eliminating an undesirable chalk-like smudge which is created during the sealing process and is most noticeable with the dark colors produced by the newer anodizing processes.
The initial solution to this problem, described in Alexander U.S. Pat. No. 3,791,940, was to seal the anodized aluminum with a hydrolyzable metallic salt such as cobalt or nickel acetate which formed a smudge which could be removed with a mineral acid.
Subsequently, it was disclosed in Meyer et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,897,287 that this sealing process could be facilitated by the addition of from 30 to 2000 ppm of a soluble sulfate, such as SO4, which in its simplest form, comprised the addition of sulfuric acid to the sealing solution.
Further attempts at modification of the sealing solution have been made, with varying degrees of success. For example, Remaley et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,045,599 suggests the addition of triethanolamine to the sealing solution to enable sealing to occur at a lower bath temperature, while Treiber U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,379 suggests the use of a dispersant with the hydrolyzable salt to form a seal said to not leave a smudge.
This later patent omits the use of the soluble sulfate SO4 ion taught by the aforesaid Meyer et al patent. The Treiber patent teaches instead the use of 35 to 60 wt. % of a sodium salt of an alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersant with 35 to 60 wt. % of nickel or cobalt acetate with 0.03 to 0.3 wt. % of a sodium lauryl sulfate wetting agent and 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of octyl phenoxy ethanol wetting agent.
While a method of sealing which does not require a subsequent desmudging is attractive, experience has shown that such is not, in fact, easily attainable. Furthermore, the advantages of omission of additional steps in a process usually are based on economic considerations. Substitutions of large amounts of expensive wetting or dispersing agents for an additional process step can, therefore, result in an economic standoff.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide an improved process for sealing anodized aluminum without an additional desmudging step.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an economical process for sealing anodized aluminum without an additional desmudging step.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be described in the appended description of the invention.
In accordance with the invention anodized aluminum is sealed by immersion in a sealing solution comprising 2 to 8 grams per liter, preferably 3 to 4 grams per liter, of a hydrolyzable metal salt, 0.25 to 1.5 grams per liter of a salt of a formaldehyde condensation product of an aromatic sulfonic acid and 0.5 to 1.5 grams per liter of a soluble sulfate as SO4 --.
The sole drawing is a flowsheet illustrating the process of the invention.
The invention comprises the sealing of anodized aluminum in a solution which will not cause a whitish chalk-like smudge to adhere on the anodized aluminum surface. The process can be applied to anodized aluminum surfaces anodized by any of the well-known processes. It is particularly useful in connection with dark color anodizing such as the Duranodic 300 Process described and claimed in Kampert U.S. Pat. No. 3,227,639 which uses a sulfophthalic acid/sulfuric acid electrolyte. However, it is equally useful when applied to uncolored anodic coatings or anodic coatings colored electrolytically or by organic or inorganic means.
The temperature of the sealing bath should be at least 95° C. and preferably 100° C. The time of sealing should be 10 to 15 minutes, preferably at least 12 minutes.
The hydrolyzable metal salt may be any organic or inorganic salt of a metal. The salts of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, sodium and potassium may all be used. Preferably, the salt is a nickel acetate or cobalt acetate salt. The concentration of the salt should be from at least 2 to 8 grams per liter. Preferably, the concentration should be 3 to 6 grams per liter, most preferably, about 4 grams per liter.
The sulfonic acid salt is a soluble salt such as sodium or potassium salt of a formaldehyde condensation product of an aromatic sulfonic acid such as ELOXAN salt. The concentration of the sulfonic acid salt is from 0.25 to 1.5 grams per liter, preferably about 0.5 to 1.0 grams per liter. While higher concentrations may be used, such serve no useful purpose and may only needlessly increase the cost which would defeat the principal object in eliminating the additional desmudging step.
The soluble sulfate should be present as SO4 -- in an aqueous media. A suitable and inexpensive source of soluble sulfate is sulfuric acid. The sulfate concentration should be from 0.5 to 1.5 grams per liter, preferably about 1 gram per liter based on the weight of the SO4 -- ion.
While it is not desired that the invention be limited by any theories of operation, it is postulated that the combination of the hydrolyzable salt and the soluble inorganic sulfate form a sealing substance which will satisfactorily fill the open pores of the porous anodic surface while not adhering to the surface and further providing a substance more easily held in a suspension or dispersion than prior art sealing compounds.
The following example will serve to more fully illustrate the invention and the unique properties of the sealing compounds and method of the invention.
A number of extrusion samples were prepared from 7029 alloy anodized in H2 SO4 for 8 minutes at 3.6 amp./sq. decimeter (ASD) at 35° C. and 2 minutes at 1.8 ASD at the same temperature followed by electrolytic coloring for 10 minutes at 0.2 ASD at 27° C. in an aqueous solution containing 180 g/l H2 SO4 +1 g/l Bi2 O3 +1 g/l gelatine.
The anodized extrusion samples were then sealed by immersion for 12 minutes at 100° C. in sealing baths having various combinations of the three ingredients used in the method of the invention, one control sealing bath which omitted the sulfonic acid salt, one sealing bath which omits the soluble sulfate and the conventional two-step process (indicated as control in table).
The results, as shown in the following table, indicate the marked advantages achieved using the method of the invention, and in particular, when using the preferred ranges of the ingredients. The acid dissolution, i.e. the amount, in milligrams of oxide coating dissolved per cm2 also indicates an improvement over prior art processes.
The soluble sulfate was supplied by using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 0.1 wt. %. It will be noted that the pH of the solutions in the table varies from 5.3 to 5.5. In accordance with the invention, the pH of the sealing solution should be maintained at between 5.2 and 5.6, preferably between 5.3 and 5.5, by addition agents such as sodium hydroxide and acetic acid when required.
TABLE ______________________________________ Sealing Bath Ingredients (g/liter) Sol- Degree Acid Sulfonic uble of Dissolution Sample NiAc Acid Salt Sulfate pH Smudge (mg/cm.sup.2) ______________________________________ Control* 3.0 -- 1.0 6 none .08 1 4.0 0.5 -- 5.3 slight .39 trace 2 4.0 -- 1.0 5.3 heavy .15 whitish chalk 3 4.0 0.25 1.0 5.3 none .03 4 4.0 0.5 1.0 5.3 none .03 5 4.0 1.0 1.0 5.3 none .03 6 4.0 1.0 1.0 5.5 none .03 ______________________________________ *conventional twostep process with desmudging step
While the invention has been illustrated using a nickel acetate as the hydrolyzable metal salt, the use of other hydrolyzable metal salt will yield similar results.
Claims (16)
1. In a process for sealing anodized aluminum without necessitating an additional desmudging step to remove smudge formed in the sealing process, the improvement comprising immersing the anodized aluminum for 10 to 15 minutes in a sealing bath maintained at a temperature of 95° to 100° C. and consisting essentially of from 2 to 8 grams per liter of a hydrolyzable metal salt selected from the group consisting of acetate or sulfate salts of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc and alkali metals; from 0.5 to 1.5 grams per liter of soluble inorganic sulfate as SO4 -- ; and from 0.25 to 1.5 grams per liter of a soluble salt of a formaldehyde condensation of an aromatic sulfonic acid.
2. In an one-step process for sealing anodized aluminum, the improvement comprising immersing anodized aluminum in a sealing bath consisting essentially of a hydrolyzable metal salt, soluble inorganic sulfate as SO4 --, and a dispersing agent comprising a soluble salt of a sulfonated organic molecule which is a formaldehyde condensation of an aromatic sulfonic acid to provide a sealed anodized finish characterized by a substantial absence of smudge thereon.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the metal ion in said hydrolyzable metal salt is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead and alkali metals.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the anion in said hydrolyzable metal salt is selected from the class consisting of acetate and sulfate.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the amount of said hydrolyzable metal salt is from 2 to 8 grams per liter.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the range of said hydrolyzable metal salt is from 3 to 6 grams per liter.
7. The process of claim 2 wherein said soluble inorganic sulfate is obtained by using one or more ingredients selected from the class consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrolyzable metal sulfates and mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the concentration of said soluble inorganic sulfate is from 0.5 to 1.5 grams per liter.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the concentration of said soluble inorganic sulfate is about 1 gram per liter.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein said soluble inorganic sulfate consists essentially of sulfuric acid.
11. The process of claim 2 wherein the concentration of said aromatic sulfonic acid dispersing agent is 0.25 to 1.5 grams per liter.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein the concentration of said aromatic sulfonic acid dispersing agent is 0.5 to 1.0 grams per liter.
13. The process of claim 2 wherein the temperature of said sealing bath is from 95° to 100° C.
14. The process of claim 2 wherein the immersion time does not exceed 15 minutes.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the immersion time is from 10 to 15 minutes.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein the immersion time is about 12 minutes.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/409,072 US4521463A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | One step sealing process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/409,072 US4521463A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | One step sealing process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4521463A true US4521463A (en) | 1985-06-04 |
Family
ID=23618943
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/409,072 Expired - Fee Related US4521463A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | One step sealing process |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4521463A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4921731A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1990-05-01 | University Of Florida | Deposition of ceramic coatings using sol-gel processing with application of a thermal gradient |
US5176947A (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1993-01-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroerosion printing plates |
US20060131004A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2006-06-22 | Silvia Bader | Heating element |
US20100129560A1 (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-05-27 | Ping Lu | Sealing reagent for aluminum alloy |
US9187839B2 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2015-11-17 | Michael Sheehy | Process for the manufacture of sealed anodized aluminum components |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2755239A (en) * | 1953-03-18 | 1956-07-17 | Geigy Ag J R | Sealing baths |
US3376143A (en) * | 1960-09-30 | 1968-04-02 | Reynolds Metals Co | Corrosion inhibiting and sealing composition |
US3647649A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1972-03-07 | Alcor Chem | Method and composition for sealing anodized aluminum surfaces |
US3689379A (en) * | 1971-04-07 | 1972-09-05 | Alcor Chem Co Inc | Composition and method for sealing anodized surfaces |
US3689375A (en) * | 1969-06-06 | 1972-09-05 | Daicel Ltd | Separating close boiling,two component mixture by distilling in presence of selective third component |
US3791940A (en) * | 1972-05-12 | 1974-02-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Process for sealing anodized aluminum |
US3897287A (en) * | 1972-08-11 | 1975-07-29 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of sealing and desmudging of anodized aluminum |
US4045599A (en) * | 1976-01-15 | 1977-08-30 | Aluminum Company Of America | Low temperature sealing of anodized aluminum |
-
1982
- 1982-08-18 US US06/409,072 patent/US4521463A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2755239A (en) * | 1953-03-18 | 1956-07-17 | Geigy Ag J R | Sealing baths |
US3376143A (en) * | 1960-09-30 | 1968-04-02 | Reynolds Metals Co | Corrosion inhibiting and sealing composition |
US3689375A (en) * | 1969-06-06 | 1972-09-05 | Daicel Ltd | Separating close boiling,two component mixture by distilling in presence of selective third component |
US3647649A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1972-03-07 | Alcor Chem | Method and composition for sealing anodized aluminum surfaces |
US3689379A (en) * | 1971-04-07 | 1972-09-05 | Alcor Chem Co Inc | Composition and method for sealing anodized surfaces |
US3791940A (en) * | 1972-05-12 | 1974-02-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Process for sealing anodized aluminum |
US3897287A (en) * | 1972-08-11 | 1975-07-29 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of sealing and desmudging of anodized aluminum |
US4045599A (en) * | 1976-01-15 | 1977-08-30 | Aluminum Company Of America | Low temperature sealing of anodized aluminum |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4921731A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1990-05-01 | University Of Florida | Deposition of ceramic coatings using sol-gel processing with application of a thermal gradient |
US5176947A (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1993-01-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroerosion printing plates |
US20060131004A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2006-06-22 | Silvia Bader | Heating element |
US20080041840A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2008-02-21 | Jessica Hasler | Towel Dryer |
US7357175B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2008-04-15 | Jessica Hasler | Heating element |
US20110146103A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2011-06-23 | Silvia Bader | Towel Dryer |
US8227730B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2012-07-24 | Swisspal Ag | Towel dryer |
US20100129560A1 (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-05-27 | Ping Lu | Sealing reagent for aluminum alloy |
US8449667B2 (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2013-05-28 | Byd Co. Ltd. | Sealing reagent for aluminum alloy |
US9187839B2 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2015-11-17 | Michael Sheehy | Process for the manufacture of sealed anodized aluminum components |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3098018A (en) | Sealing anodized aluminum | |
DE2947821C2 (en) | ||
US3382160A (en) | Process for inorganically coloring aluminum | |
US4045599A (en) | Low temperature sealing of anodized aluminum | |
US4521463A (en) | One step sealing process | |
DE3211759A1 (en) | METHOD FOR ANODIZING ALUMINUM MATERIALS AND ALUMINUM PARTS | |
US4648911A (en) | Sealing process | |
US4427499A (en) | Process for surface treatment of stainless steel sheet | |
US2987417A (en) | Pigmenting aluminum oxide coating | |
US1965269A (en) | Method of coloring aluminum | |
US4784732A (en) | Electrolytic formation of an aluminum oxide layer | |
US4861440A (en) | Electrolytic formation of an aluminum oxide surface | |
US3152970A (en) | Application of pigment to anodized aluminum | |
US4591416A (en) | Chromate composition and process for treating zinc-nickel alloys | |
US3418219A (en) | Coloring anodized aluminum | |
US4196061A (en) | Direct nickel-plating of aluminum | |
WO2002004717A2 (en) | Method for producing gold-coloured surfaces pertaining to aluminium or aluminium alloys, by means of formulations containing silver salt | |
US4144142A (en) | Method for producing colored anodic film on aluminum-based material | |
US3787298A (en) | Anodizing aluminum foams | |
EP2665847A1 (en) | Pretreatment of tinplate prior to the coating thereof with lacquer | |
JPS59185799A (en) | Electrolytic coloring process for anode oxide coating | |
AU609320B2 (en) | Colour anodizing of aluminium surfaces with p-toluenesulfonic acid | |
US2496649A (en) | Treatment of oxide coatings on aluminum | |
US4042471A (en) | Process for electrolytically coloring aluminum and aluminum alloys | |
US3891517A (en) | Process for electrolytic coloring of aluminum cr aluminum alloy articles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA PITTSBURGH,PA. A CORP Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:POWERS, JOHN H.;REMALEY, EDWARD G.;REEL/FRAME:004038/0044 Effective date: 19820916 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 19890604 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |