US450887A - Beemann - Google Patents
Beemann Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US450887A US450887A US450887DA US450887A US 450887 A US450887 A US 450887A US 450887D A US450887D A US 450887DA US 450887 A US450887 A US 450887A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ecgonine
- cocaine
- amorphous
- alkaloids
- leaves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-BARDWOONSA-N cocaine Natural products O([C@@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@H](N2C)[C@@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-BARDWOONSA-N 0.000 description 38
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 description 38
- PHMBVCPLDPDESM-FKSUSPILSA-N Ecgonine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C PHMBVCPLDPDESM-FKSUSPILSA-N 0.000 description 34
- PHMBVCPLDPDESM-YWIQKCBGSA-N Ecgonine Natural products C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C PHMBVCPLDPDESM-YWIQKCBGSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229930002959 ecgonine Natural products 0.000 description 34
- 229930013930 alkaloids Natural products 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic anhydride Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ-RFQIPJPRSA-N Benzoylecgonine Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(O)=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ-RFQIPJPRSA-N 0.000 description 10
- GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ-REWJHTLYSA-N Benzoylecgonine Natural products O=C(O)[C@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)c2ccccc2)C[C@H]2N(C)[C@@H]1CC2 GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ-REWJHTLYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006480 benzoylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
Definitions
- CARL Tnnonon LIE- BERMANN a subject of the King of Prussia, residing" "at the city of Berlin, Prussia, Germany
- FRITZ GIESEL a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at the city of Brunswick, Germany
- CARL Tnnonon LIE- BERMANN a subject of the King of Prussia, residing" "at the city of Berlin, Prussia, Germany
- FRITZ GIESEL a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at the city of Brunswick, Germany
- coca-leaves contain besides cocaine considerable quantities of amorphous alkaloids, which impair the physiological effect of cocaine an d which have to be separated from the same or from the crude cocaine before it can be applied to therapeutical treatment.
- amorphous alkaloids may be separated by solution and orystallizing out the cocaine, and they form the subject-matter of our invention.
- the coca-leaves are moistened with a twenty-percent. solution of soda and extracted by ether, which dissolves the cocaine and its amorphous alkaloids.
- ether a twenty-percent. solution of soda
- amorphous alkaloids are extracted and obtained in aqueous solution, from which they are precipitated by adding soda.
- the precipitate corresponds to the crude commercial cocaine in the market, and contains, according to the kind and quantity of the leaves employed, besides cocaine, varying quantities of amorphous alkaloids.
- amorphous alkaloids of cocaine can, however, be utilized by our process, as by decomposing them ecgonine can be readily obtained from said alkaloids, which ecgonine can be converted intobenzoyl-ecgonine, from which, by well-known methods, cocaine can be produced, so that by our process cocaine can be produced in a comparatively easy manner from by-products which heretofore had to go to waste.
- ecgonine In the preparation of ecgonine from the amorphous alkaloids of the coca-leaves the amorphous-alkaloids of cocaine readily undergo a reaction, by which they decompose int-o organic acids and ecgonine, mostof them with a simultaneous formation of methyl-alcohol.
- This decomposition may be eifected by acids or alkalies and alkaline earths and partially andinsufficientlybysuperheatedsteam.
- Ve prefer to decompose the amorphous alkaloids by boiling them with hydrochloric acid. The concentration or the quantity of this acid is of little importance; but we prefer to use hydrochloric acid of 1.1 to 1.2 specific gravity, which is used in excess.
- the concentration of the acid and the relative quantity of the same depends the time in which the reaction is complete, which takes usually from one to two hours oreven a shortertime.
- the insoluble organic acids formed are, after cooling, filtered oif, and the filtered liquor containing thehydrochlorate of ecgonine is evaporated to dryness.
- the remaining, salt, washed with a small quantity of alcohol, is nearlypure hydrochl'orate of ecg'onine, from which the free base is obtained by adding an alkali or alkali carbonate.
- the ecgonine thus obtained may, if necessary, be purified by crystallization in alcohol.
- Ecgonine is readily converted into henzoyl-ccgonine, and for this purpose either chloride of benzoyl or benzoic anhydride and dry ecgonine or ecgonine with a smaller quantity of water may be employed.
- aqueous solution of ccgonine (one molecule) saturated at boiling-heat is added to an equivalent quantity of benzoic anhydride, (one molecule.)
- benzoic anhydride one molecule.
- To complete the reaction we heat the mixture for a short time (about one-half to one hour) to the boiling-point.
- the product of the reaction is, after cooling, repeatedly shaken or agitated with ether.
- the remaining aqueous solution begins to solidify to a crystalline mass, either immediately after shaking or after standing for some time.
- the crystals are separated from the mother-liquor by means of a pump and washed with a small quantity of water.
- benzoyl-ecgonine which is identical with and has all its properties with the benzoyl-ecgonine heretofore known.
- the mother-liquor contains some ecgonine which has escaped the process of benzoylation. This liquor may be used directly for other benzoylating operations, or the ecgonine may be regained from it by any known process.
- the benzoyl-ecgonine thus obtained is then converted into cocaine by any well-known meth- 0d, and is thus obtained from its worthless by-product-s contained in the coca-leaves.
Description
NlTE STATES PATENT OFFIQE.
CARL THEODOR LIEBERMANN, OF BERLIN, AND FRITZ GIESEL, OF BRUNSYVICK, GERMANY.
PROCESS OF OBTAINING ECGONINE.
SPECIFICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 450,887, dated April 21, 1891.
Application filed September 18, 1888. Serial No. 285,716- (No specimens.) Patented in Germany August 14, 1888, No. 47,602.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, CARL Tnnonon LIE- BERMANN, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing" "at the city of Berlin, Prussia, Germany, and FRITZ GIESEL, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at the city of Brunswick, Germany, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Processes of Conversion of the Amorphous Alkaloids of Coca-Leaves into Ecgonine and Benzoyl Ecgonine, (for which we have obtained Letters Patent in Germany, No. 7,602, dated August l i, 1888,) of which the following is a specification.
It is well known that the coca-leaves contain besides cocaine considerable quantities of amorphous alkaloids, which impair the physiological effect of cocaine an d which have to be separated from the same or from the crude cocaine before it can be applied to therapeutical treatment. These amorphous alkaloids may be separated by solution and orystallizing out the cocaine, and they form the subject-matter of our invention.
The following method gives very satisfactory results: The coca-leaves are moistened with a twenty-percent. solution of soda and extracted by ether, which dissolves the cocaine and its amorphous alkaloids. By thoroughly shaking the ether with diluted muriatic acid the amorphous alkaloids are extracted and obtained in aqueous solution, from which they are precipitated by adding soda. The precipitate corresponds to the crude commercial cocaine in the market, and contains, according to the kind and quantity of the leaves employed, besides cocaine, varying quantities of amorphous alkaloids. By dissolving this pre cipitate-respectively the crude cocaine heating it with a small quantity of alcohol, and permitting the solution to cool and stand for some time the cocaine crystallizes from the solution, while the amorphous alkaloids remain in solution and are obtained by the evaporation of the alcohol.
The method described, as well as othersimilar methods which were employed for producing cocaine from the coca-leaves or crude cocaine, furnish as a by-product the amorphous alkaloids referred to, which were not utilized, constituted to some extent a loss or waste of cocaine. These amorphous alkaloids of cocaine can, however, be utilized by our process, as by decomposing them ecgonine can be readily obtained from said alkaloids, which ecgonine can be converted intobenzoyl-ecgonine, from which, by well-known methods, cocaine can be produced, so that by our process cocaine can be produced in a comparatively easy manner from by-products which heretofore had to go to waste.
In the preparation of ecgonine from the amorphous alkaloids of the coca-leaves the amorphous-alkaloids of cocaine readily undergo a reaction, by which they decompose int-o organic acids and ecgonine, mostof them with a simultaneous formation of methyl-alcohol. This decomposition may be eifected by acids or alkalies and alkaline earths and partially andinsufficientlybysuperheatedsteam. Ve prefer to decompose the amorphous alkaloids by boiling them with hydrochloric acid. The concentration or the quantity of this acid is of little importance; but we prefer to use hydrochloric acid of 1.1 to 1.2 specific gravity, which is used in excess. On the concentration of the acid and the relative quantity of the same depends the time in which the reaction is complete, which takes usually from one to two hours oreven a shortertime. The insoluble organic acids formed are, after cooling, filtered oif, and the filtered liquor containing thehydrochlorate of ecgonine is evaporated to dryness. The remaining, salt, washed with a small quantity of alcohol, is nearlypure hydrochl'orate of ecg'onine, from which the free base is obtained by adding an alkali or alkali carbonate. The ecgonine thus obtained may, if necessary, be purified by crystallization in alcohol. Ecgonine is readily converted into henzoyl-ccgonine, and for this purpose either chloride of benzoyl or benzoic anhydride and dry ecgonine or ecgonine with a smaller quantity of water may be employed.
\Ve herewith give an example of benzoylating ecgonine; but we do not wish to confine ourselves either to the use of benzoic anhydride only, as other substances-for instance, chloride of benzoylgi\'e the same result; nor to the exact quantities and details, for the reason that larger quantities of benzoic anhydride or the exclusion of water gives satisfactory results.
.An aqueous solution of ccgonine (one molecule) saturated at boiling-heat is added to an equivalent quantity of benzoic anhydride, (one molecule.) To complete the reaction we heat the mixture for a short time (about one-half to one hour) to the boiling-point. To remove the benzoic acid produced, the product of the reaction is, after cooling, repeatedly shaken or agitated with ether. The remaining aqueous solution begins to solidify to a crystalline mass, either immediately after shaking or after standing for some time. The crystals are separated from the mother-liquor by means of a pump and washed with a small quantity of water. They consist of benzoyl-ecgonine, which is identical with and has all its properties with the benzoyl-ecgonine heretofore known. The mother-liquor contains some ecgonine which has escaped the process of benzoylation. This liquor may be used directly for other benzoylating operations, or the ecgonine may be regained from it by any known process. The benzoyl-ecgonine thus obtained is then converted into cocaine by any well-known meth- 0d, and is thus obtained from its worthless by-product-s contained in the coca-leaves.
Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The process herein described of producing ecgonine from the amorphous alkalolds contained in the coca-leaves or in crude cocaine, said process consistingin decomposing the amorphous alkaloids by a suitable medium into organic acids and ecgonine, separating the organic acids by filtration from the solution, evaporating the latter, and crystallizing the ecgonine from the residue by means of alcohol, substantially as set forth.
2. The process herein described of treating the amorphous residues from the manufacture of cocaine, which consists in the decomposing said amorphous alkaloids by a suitble medium into organic acids and ecgonine, separating the ecgoni'ne from its solution, and converting it by treatment with 'benzoyl or benzoic anhydride into benzoyl-ecgonine, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
CARL THEODOR LIEBERMANN. FRITZ GIESEL.
Witnesses:
B. R01, GAsPER VoGT.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US450887A true US450887A (en) | 1891-04-21 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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US450887D Expired - Lifetime US450887A (en) | Beemann |
Country Status (1)
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- US US450887D patent/US450887A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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