US44872A - Improvement in the reduction of iron and other ores - Google Patents
Improvement in the reduction of iron and other ores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US44872A US44872A US44872DA US44872A US 44872 A US44872 A US 44872A US 44872D A US44872D A US 44872DA US 44872 A US44872 A US 44872A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- peat
- iron
- improvement
- ore
- ores
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100000368 F8 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101700070229 F8 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 101710029273 HEMA1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
Definitions
- My invention consists in the use of peat mingled with ore in a'tinely-divided or granular condition, and with or without fine coal and flux, or either of them in said condition, when the mixture is made up into lumps and dried, and in that state charged in a furnace for the purpose of reducing the ore contained in said lumps.
- the peat in its natural state from the bog may be triturated, and in the-process said materials, or either of them, may be incorporated,and afterward the mass may be left to dry till it has only enough of moisture left therein to facilitate the molding thereof into lumps; or this condition may be more quickly secured by application of press-- are to express the superfluous moisture, which pressure may be made to mold the material into lumps, which are afterward dried by artificial means or by exposure to air and sunlight; or the peat may be first dried and then reduced to a finely-divided state, in which conditions said materials, or either of them, may be mixed therewith, and the whole mass then moistened suiiiciently to secure its adhesion in lumps when molded or pressed together.
- Peat also contains ammonia, and on this account may advantageously be combined with ore and coal containing sulphur, which tends to produce a red-shortiron.
- the ammonia combining with thesulphnr, neutralizes it and prevents the red-short defect in the iron.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HEMAN S. LUCAS, CHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE REDUCTION OF IRON AND OTHER ORES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 44.872, dated November 1, 1864.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I,'HEMA.N S. Lucas, of Chester, in the county of Hampden, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Reduction of Ores; and I do hereby declare that the following is a description of my invention sufficientto enable those skilled in the art to practice it.
In the employment of peat in metallurgic operations it has been usual to apply it in a charred condition and as a fuel by itself, and where so employed in a reducing-furnace it has been charged in layers interstratiiied with ore.
My invention consists in the use of peat mingled with ore in a'tinely-divided or granular condition, and with or without fine coal and flux, or either of them in said condition, when the mixture is made up into lumps and dried, and in that state charged in a furnace for the purpose of reducing the ore contained in said lumps.
V In the practice of my invention I unite or intimately mix in a finely-divided or granular condition ore with uneharred peat, and form the mixture into lumps of such size and shape as to be convenient for charging the furnace, and which will allow passage in the interstices in and between them when so charged of enough air to urge and support combustion sufficiently to reduce the ore; also, when deemed desirable, I unite in the lumps, in a similar divided or granular condition, coal or flux, or either of them,in any quantity desired with the peat and ore. lhis uniting of said materials, or either of them, with the peat may be variously effected. For example, the peat in its natural state from the bog may be triturated, and in the-process said materials, or either of them, may be incorporated,and afterward the mass may be left to dry till it has only enough of moisture left therein to facilitate the molding thereof into lumps; or this condition may be more quickly secured by application of press-- are to express the superfluous moisture, which pressure may be made to mold the material into lumps, which are afterward dried by artificial means or by exposure to air and sunlight; or the peat may be first dried and then reduced to a finely-divided state, in which conditions said materials, or either of them, may be mixed therewith, and the whole mass then moistened suiiiciently to secure its adhesion in lumps when molded or pressed together.
I prefer in the practice of my invention to separate the undeeom posed fibrous material in the peat from the fine and decomposed portion thereof before mixing with the peat any of the substances named, as they have not in themselves sufficient capacity for adhesion when pressed together, and by separating the fiber from the peat it tills better the function ot'a cement to unite the parts. The objection to the use of peat for reducing iron from the ore isthat on accou -t of thephosphatcsitcontains it is apt to produce a cold-short iron. This should be guarded against by the selection of such peat as containsa minimum amount of phosphates and leaving but a small percentage of ashes. Peat also contains ammonia, and on this account may advantageously be combined with ore and coal containing sulphur, which tends to produce a red-shortiron. The ammonia, combining with thesulphnr, neutralizes it and prevents the red-short defect in the iron. By this union andintcrmixturc, as described, all the component parts of the furnace-charge are brought more intimately into contact, and the smelting operation may therefore be more advantageously carried on than when the fuel and ore are separately charged into thc furnace or when they are, in terstratiiied. The diit'erent proportions to be used of the material mentioned may be varied as circumstances and experiment may prove most conducive to the good quality otlthe metalproduced.
As an improvement. in the manufacture of iron from its ore, the use of the compound in the condition'and substantially as specified.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day ojMay, A. D. 1864.
EEMAN' s. LUCAS.
Witnesses:
NATHL. O. SAWYER, WM. H. KELSEY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US44872A true US44872A (en) | 1864-11-01 |
Family
ID=2114435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44872D Expired - Lifetime US44872A (en) | Improvement in the reduction of iron and other ores |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US44872A (en) |
-
0
- US US44872D patent/US44872A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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