US447187A

US447187A - Plastic mateeials

Info

Publication number: US447187A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1891-02-24
Anticipated expiration: 1908-02-24

Description

5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Patente-d Feb.A 24, 18'91.

W. A. HULL & A. @BOYER PRESS FOR' SHAPING'PLASTIG MATERIALS.

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(No Mode1.)'

(No Mode1. A 5 sheets-*sheet 2. W. A. HULL 8v A. G. BOYER. PRESS 'EORSHAPING PLASTIC MATERIALS.

No. 447,187. Patented Peb. 24, 1891.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3. W. A. HULL 8v A. G. BOYER. PRESS FOR SHAPING PLASTIC MATERIALS.

Patented Feb. 24, 1891.

1 (.No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

BR. ERIALS.

W. A. HULL & A. G. BOY PRESS' POR SHAPING PLASTIC MAT No. 447,187. tent Pa. ed Febf24, '1891.

(No Model.) I sweetssheet 5.

W. A. HULL 84 AG. BOYER.`

PRESS FOR SHAPING PLASTIC MATERIALS.

No. 447,187. Patented Peb. 24; 1891.

L f d ,7 e fd MA/v w v. 2 c ,c .W 4c a ,K Y Y 4 Y S UNrTn TATES ATENT union.

VOLOOTT A. HULL AND ARTHUR Gr. BOYER, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.; SAID BOYER ASSIGNOR TO SAID HULL.

PRESS FOR `SHAPING PLASTICA MATERIAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of yLetters Patent No. 447,187, dated February 24,1891. Application filed February 6, 1890. Renewed January Z2, 1891. Serial No. 378,626. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that We, WoLoo'rT A. HULL and ARTHUR G. BOYER, both of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Presses for Shaping or Forming Plastic Materialfof which the following is a specification. Y

This improvement relates to presses designed for shaping or forming plastic material, such as yeast-cakes.

Ve will describe a press embodying our improvement, and then point out the novel features in claims.

In the accompanying drawings,Figure l is a front elevation of a press embodying our improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken in the plane parallel with that of Fig. l and showing the parts of the press in the starting position, or, in other words, in that position which theyl occupy during the feeding or supplying of material. Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 2, showing the parts in lthe positions which they assume afteroccupyin g the positions represented in Fig. 2. Fig. 4c is a view similar to Figs. 2 and 3, showing the parts in the positions which they occupy at the completion of the pressing operation. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are somewhat peculiar views, in that the upper and lower port-ions are represented as they would appear in a front View, and the intermediate portion is represented in vertical section. Fig. 5 is a plan of a portion of a movable plate comprised in the press. Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken at the plane of the line o o, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section taken at the plane of the dotted line w w, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of a portion of a fixed mold-plate, a portion of' the movable plate before mentioned, and two end sections or plungers cooperating with said plates, these end sections or plungers being represented as having portions of their length removed, so as to economize space in the drawing, and thereby enable them to be representedon alarge scale. Fig. 9

' is atop view of one of the end sections orplungers. Fig. lO is a central vertical section of an end section or plunger of modified construction. Fig. 11 is a top view of the end section or plungerillustrated in Fig. l0. Fig.

l2 is a view similar to Figs. 2, 3, and 4, butit illustrates a different construction. Fig. 13 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of one of the elements of the machine represented in Fig. l2. Fig. 14. is atop view of one section of the part represented in Fig. 13. f

Similar' letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the igures. i

Referring first to Figs. l to 9, inclusive, A

designates whatwe term the movable plate ,of the press. V

B designates the fixed moldplate, and C C2. designate end sections or plungers. The movable plate and fixed plate each has a number of cavities, and the end sections or plungers correspond in number and positionrwith: these cavities. Material to be pressed isintroduced into the movable plate. At the starting of the press the lower end sections or plungers extend within the cavities of the movable plate, closing the lower ends thereof. Material to be pressed is introduced into the movable plate above the lower end sections or plungers. Thelower end sections or plungers and the movable plate together rise, and by this motion some of the material will be forced into the cavities of the fixed plate. The remainder of the material will be forced into the fixed plate by the subsequent rising of the lower end sections or plungers through the movable plate, and after all the material has been forced into the fixed plate it will be compressed therein by the two series of end sections or plungers and so molded. Y f f Having given this general descr tion, which we believe will facilitate an -understanding of the press, we will proceed togve a more detailed description of thesame.

The fixed mold-plate B may advantageously be of rectangular form and supported by upright posts D. There will preferablybe four of these posts, and the corners of the 'fixed incid-plate will be provided with lugs made hollow to fit the posts. 4The plate can then be secured in a iixed position upon the posts by means of set-screws b, tting tapped holes in thelugs of the plates andimpinging against the posts. Obviously by loosening the setscrews provision will be afforded for adj usting the plate vertically upon`the posts to a IOO new position, and the tightening of the setscrews again will effect the retention of the plate in the new position.

In the present instance the press is constructed with a special view of pressing yeastcakes, and so the cavities of the fixed plate al'e made elliptical, as indicated in Fig. 7.

rThe movable plate A has cavities similar to those of the fixed plate B, these cavities being represented by Fig. 7 and corresponding in position to the position of the cavities in the fixed plate. The upper surface of this plate is divided off into rectangular spaces, which are separated by very narrow edges a'. (See particularly Figs. 5 and 6.) These rectangular spaces communicate with the cavities and are contracted downwardly to the contour of the cavities, so that they form flaring mouths of rectangular form for the cavities. As shown, these flaring mouths are made in a section, which is separate from the main portion of the plate; but this is a nonessential feature, and, indeed, the flaring mouths may be entirely dispensed with in the treatment of some materials.

The movable plate A is supported by a nu mber of springs E, here shown as surrounding` bolts or rods F, that extend upwardly and are supported by a movable part of an engine R', here represented as made in the form of a hydraulic ram. As here shown, the bolts or rods F extend upwardly from a gas-chamber G2, that is carried by the movable part of the engine, and they enter a base-flange a, with which the movable part A is provided. The springs E surround these bolts or rods between the top of the gas-chamber G and the flange a of the movable plate. Nuts applied to the upper ends of the bolts or rods may be adjusted to vary the range of movement of the movable plate. The particular manner in which the springs E are arranged to support the movable plate A is not material, so long as these springs are intermediate of the movable plate and a movable part of the engine.

II ldesignates a receiver for material to be pressed. It is made in the form of a frame, which conforms in shape to the extremity of the movable plate and fits snugly around the same. This frame is supported by springs, so that it may yield automatically. In the present instance it is supported by springs I, which surround rods or bolts J, that extend from the base-flange a of the movable plat-e A upward through a flange 7i, with which the receiver I-I is at its base provided. Nuts applied to the upper end of these rods or bolts may be adjusted to alter the range of movement of the receiver. Then the machine is ready to start, as represented in Fig. 2, this receiver H is forced upwardly by the springs I and extends above the movable plate. It is then in position to receive the material which is to be pressed. The material introduced into the receptacle H will descend into the cavities of the movable plate.

IVhiie the part ce may be a mere base-flange, as heretofore explained, yet it may be constructed independently of the receptacle proper and merely as a yielding support to the same. Inthe latter case the receptacle could be removed without removing theflange or support d.

The movable part Ir of the engine R has attached to it a plate or platform r3, which, as here shown, is provided at the corners with hollow lugs that fit in the posts D. rlhis platform 9 is moved vertically by the engine and is guided in its travel by the posts. The gasehamber G2is mounted upon this platform r3, and of course carried thereby. At the top of the press is another engine R2, supported on a platform P. This engine may advantageously be an air-engine. It has a pistonrod r2, which is connected with a plate or platform r4, that is fitted to slide vertically upon the p osts D. The gas-chamber D is secured to the plate of.

The engine R2 is provided with a rotary valve, which has a stem T5, that protrudes through the case. A volute spring lr6 is attached to this stein and also to the platform P. The stein has attached to it a wheel r7. A cord fr8 is attached to this wheel 7'?, wound around the same, passed then cearo und aguid epulley r", thence around a guide-pulley r1", and at the cxtremityis fastened to the platform r3, that is operated by the engine R. 'lhe cord is connected to the platform r3 by having attached to its end a boltthat extends through a plate which is secured to the platform r3, a nut being applied to the bolt beneath said plate, so as to adjustably connect the bolt with the said platform.

Itis obvious that d n ring the deseentof the platform r3 the cord frs will move the valve of the exigirle R2 in one direction, and that as the platform r3 moves upwardly the spring r6 will operate the valve in the reverse direction. The valve may at any time be moved by hand in the direction in which it is moved by the descent of the platform r3 if the cord is suitablypuiied. Any other-suitable means for automatically moving the valve ot' the engine may be used.

The two series of end mold -sections or plungers C C2 are attached, respectively, to the gas-chambers G G2 and move therewith. Gas is supplied to the gas-chambers by pipes g g2, which are connected by flexible pipes g with a source of supply. The gas used may be air under pressure and may come fromthe same source of supply as that by which the engine R2 is operated when the latter is of such character as to be operated by airorother gas. The supply of gas to the chamber G is controlled by a valve g3, fitted to the pipe tj. and having a protruding stem, which, on the downward movement of the gas-chamber G" to a certain point, will contact with a fixed stop g, and thereby be pressed inward sc as to admit gas. On the reverse movement of the gas-chamber G the valve will eloseauto- ICO IIO

niat-ically. The stop g4 is here shown as provided with a collar -that lits around one of the posts D and is retained in position thereon by means of aset-screw. When so made and combined with a post D, it is of course adjustable. This is advantageous', because it affords the machine a capacity of adjustment. The manner in which the valve will contact with the stop may be readily understood by reference to Figs. l and .2, and the effect upon the valve of an upward movement of the gaschainber G may be seen in Figs. 3 and 4.

The supply of gas to the chamber G2 is controlled by a valve g5, fitted to the pipe g2. This valve is opened automatically by means of a stop Q6, attached to the iiange a of the movable plate A. This stop is carried upward by the upward movement of the movable plate; but upon this upward movement of said plate being arrested becomes a fixture, and in the second upward movement of the valve with the gas-chamber G2 the stem ofthe valve contacts with the stop and results in the opening of the valve. The valve is closed by a spring, aided by the pressure of the gas itself. The opening of the valve is illustrated in 4. In the other figures it is closed.

The stop gG consists of a rod bent outwardly from the flange d of the movable plate and turned downwardly at the outer extremity. The outer extremity is screw-threaded and a ball-shaped nut is iitted thereto. This nut may be adjustable to vary the time of the opening of the valve. A similar nut may advantageously be used as a part of the stop g4.-

The end sections C C2 are substantially similar in construction. Each one of these end sections or plungers consists of a body portion c and a shank portion c". In Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, and 5 the body portion is shown as made quite long and the shank portion comparatively short. The body portion may be made short and the shank portion long, as represented in Figs. 8 and l0. Preferably the body portion will be made independently and attached by means of screw-threads or otherwise to the shank portion, as in this way provision will be afforded for pressing articles of different shapes without introducing complete end sections or plungers into the press.

The operative extremities of the end sections or plungers represent-ed in the drawings are constructed of such shape as to form the ends of an ellipsoidal article, and therefore have cup-shaped cavities c2, which are elliptical at the extremities. From the cup-shaped cavity of each end section or plunger an opening or passage cs extends to the extremity of the shank. At the junction of the passage c2 with the cavity c2 a valve V is arranged. The stem c of this valve extends through the passage c2, and at the outer extremity beyond the shank portion of the end section has fitted to ita valve V2. Thisvalve V2 may be made in the form of a disk, secured by a screw-thread within itself or by screw-threads formed upon nuts applied on each side of it to the stem. It may even be slipped on and retained there by friction.

The valves V of the upper' end sections or plungers will normally be open, because the weight of these valves, together with the weight of their stems, will cause them to drop downwardly. They will be supported-by the contact of the corresponding valves V2'upon n the upper extremities of these end sections or plun gers. those drawings which are madeupon a small scale, because there the valves V2, belonging to the upper end sections or plungers, are represented by a single line, and to clearly illustrate them by a single line it is necessary to show a space beneath them.

Vtfe will now give a detailed description of the operation of the machine. Before the feeding of material the parts will be adjusted into the positions in which they are represented in Figs l and 2. The material to be treated will then be introduced into the receptacle I'I, and will of course fall into the upper part of the cavities of the movable plate A and rest upon the upper extremities of the lower series of end sections or plungers C. Having supplied the material, the operator shifts the valve of the engine R', in the present instance by pressing his foot against a treadle rw, which controls said valve. It is obvious that this treadle or lever could be operated periodically bya cam M, if desired. The engine R having been started, the lower end sections C2, the movable plate A, and the receptacle II will be carried upward. As soon as the receptacle H reaches the bottom of the fixed plate B its movement will be arrested and the upward movement of the movable plate will bring it into contact with the bottom of the fixed plate B, whereupon its movement will cease. This condition of the machine is illustrated by Fig. 3. The arresting of the receptacle H and the movable plate A has no effect upon the end sections or plungers C2, so the upward movement of these end sections or plungers continues and their upper extremities enter the cavities of the fixed plate B and carry the mat'erial to be treated upward into these cavities. The upper end sections or plungers, it will be remembered, were at the beginning of the operation of the press in such position that their lower extremitiesprojected below the iixed plate. The upward movement of the platform 'r2 with the lower end sections or vplungers, the movable plate A, and the receptacle I-I. caused an upward movement of the cord r2 and allowed the spring 'r6 to adjust the valve of the engine R2. The operation of the engine R2 effected the raising of the upper end sections or plungers C. This movement will be understood by reference to Fig. 3, where theyl are represented in their extreme upward position. In this position they remain until the lower end sections or plungers byV their upward movement sh all have pressed the This is not clearly shown in IOO IIO

material tothe desired degree between themselves, the upper end sections or plungers, and the sides of the cavities in the fixed plate. This compression is illustrated in Fig. 4. As the lower end sections or plungers C2 reach the end of their upward movement the stem of the valve contacts with the stop g. The valve is thereby opened, and gas is admitted to the gas-chamber G2. This gas rises throug'h the passages ot the end sections or plungers C2, opens the valves V, and, having done this, enters the cavities c2 of these end sections or plungers. The pressure of the gas will disengage the pressed articles from the end sections or plungers C2 as soon as ,the downward movement of the latter commences. The action ot the gas is automatically regulated in proportion to the resistance offered to the opening of the valves V,for, by being cut off quickly from those end sections or plungers whose valves V open easily, the gas will be concentrated on those other end sections or plungers whose valves V require the exertion ot' greater force to open them. The gas within the chamber G2. actsupon the valves V2 of the end sections or plungers C2, and by forcing them to their seats stops the further fiow ot' gas into said end sections or plungers. The compression having been completed, the operator or the cam, if one be used, releases the trcadle or lever rw and thus causes the lowering of the lower end sections or plungers, the movable plate, and the receptacle H, besides reversing the valve of the engine R2 by pulling upon thefcord rs. The reversal of the engine R2 lowers the upper end sections or plungers C until their lower extremities protrude from the bottoni of the fixed plate B. Thus the pressed articles or cakes will be driven out of the fixed plate. The lowering ot the gas-chamber G with the upper end sections or plungers will cause the stem of the valve g3 to contact with the stop g4. Thus the valve will be opened, gas will be allowed to flow from the gas-chamber G through the passages of the end sections or plungers C to the end cavities of the latter, and in this way the cakes or pressed articles will be detached, provided they shall not have before dropped ot'f. By this time all the parts will have resumed the positions in which they are represented in Figs. l and 2. The detached articles may be caught in a tray T. (Represented in Fig. 2.)

In Fig. l2 the movable plate is made in two sections A A2, which are detachably connected together, like the two parts of an ordinary die used for articles of celluloid, rubber, or plastic material of a similar nature. Indeed, these two sections are precisely like the sections of a die used for materials of this class, excepting that their cavities are bottomles's. The plastic material is intended to be introduced in the form ot' a sheet between the two sections of the movable plate. In other respects the operation of the machine will be like that originally described.

The end section or plunger illustrated in Fig. l0 has no valve V, but in lieu thereof a diaphragm ot perforated or reticulated material V3. Instead of a valve V2 attached to a stem, it has an ordinary flap-valve V, which is attached -at one point to the extremity of the end section or plunger.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a press, the combination of two series of end mold-sections or plun gers having a relative movement, a fixed mold-plate, and a movable plate, substantially as specified.

2. In a press, the combination of two series of end mold-sections or plungers, an engine for moving one of said series, a fixed moldplate, a movable plate, and springs intermediate of the movable plate and the engine for transmitting motion from the engine to said movable plate, substantially as specified.

3. Ina press, the combination ot two series ot end mold-sections or plungers, an engine for moving one of said series, a fixed moldplate, a movable plate having cavities fitting one of said series oi' end mold sections or plungers, springs, and bolt-s for adjustably limiting the range ot` movement ot the movable plate, substantially as specified.

4. In a press, the combination of two series of end mold-sections or plungers, an engine for moving one of said series, a fixed moldplate, a movable plate, springs intermediate of the plate and the engine for transmitting motion from the engine to said movable plate, a receiver fitting round one end ot the movable plate, and springs for supporting thereceiver, substantially as specified.

5. In a press, the combination of two series of end mold-sections or plungers, an engine for moving one of said series, a fixed moldplate, a movable plate, springs intermediate of the movable plate and the engine for transmitting motion from the engine to said movable plate, a receiver fitting round one end of the movable plate, springs for supportingthe receiver, and adjustable bolts for limiting the movement ot' the receiver, substantially as specified.

6. In a press, the combination of two series of end mold-sections or plungers, two engines for imparting motion to the two series of end mold-sections or plungers, a connection between the valve ot one engine and a part moved by the other engine, a valve controlling the engine last named, a fixed moldplate, and a movable plate, substantially as specified.

7. In a press, the combination of a fixed mold-plate, two series of end mold-sections or plungers having passages through them, gaschambers with which said end mold-sections or plungers communicate, and valves at the operative extremities of said end mold-sections or plungers, substantially as specified.

8. In a press, the combina-tion ot a fixed mold-plate, two series of end mold-sections or plungers having passages through them, gas- IIO emitters with which Said @mi incid-sections or plnngers eonimnnioate5 Valves at the] 0peratiife eltreiniti'es of said end Inoldlseetions or pliin'gers, and Valves at the inner extremities of said end mold-sections or plungers, the two sets of Valves belonging to each series of encl molcl-seetions or plungersbeing connected together, substantially as speoied. 9. In a press, the combination of a fixed mold-plate, two series of end mold-sections or plungers having passages through them, gasehambers with which said end mold-sections or plungers communicate, valves Controlling the ingress of gas to said chambers, and adj nstable stops or tappets for effecting the openin g of said Valves2v substantially as specified.

l0.- ln a press, the eonlloination of a fixed inoldLplate two series of end mold-sections or plnngers; and a movable plate having Gavi ties provided at the upper end with beveled or aring months having rectangular extremities which are separated by narrow edges, substantially as specified.

In testimony that We ola-ini the foregoing We hereunto set our names.

W'OLCOTT A. HULL. ARTHUR G. BOYER.A

Vtnesses:

S. O. EDMoNDs, WILLIAM M. ILIFF.