US445395A - cranston - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 1.

J. F. ORANSTON & J. H. WESSON.

LOOM.

Patented Jan. 27

(No ModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. 1-". ORANSTON & J. H. wnssou.

LOOM.

No. 445,395. Patented Jan. 27, 1891 (N'oModell) v '4 sheets-sheet a. J. P. ORANSTON 81; J. H. WES$ON.

LOOM.

Patented Jan. 27,1891.

as on, mo'roqmmo WASHINGTON, a. c.

(No Model.)

J. I; GRANSTONVEE J. H. WESSON. LOOM. No. 445,395.

Patented Ja;11.'27, 1891. 1 29.4.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

UNTThn STaTns PATENT @rrrcn.

JAMES F. GRANSTON AND JOSEPH H. WESSON, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

LOOlVl.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,395, dated January 27, 1891..

Application filed May '7, 1890- Serial No. 350,860. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JAMES F. ORANsTON and JOSEPH H. Wesson, citizens of the United States, residing at Springfield, in the county of Ham pden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Looms, of which the following 1s a specification.

This invention relates to looms, and has for its obj ect the improved construction and mode of operation of various parts thereof, all as hereinafter fully described, and more particularly referred to in the claims.

In the drawings forming part of this speci fication, Figure 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a transverse section, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal vertical section, of aloom constructed according to our invention, said Fig. 3 being taken on line 3 3, Fig. 2, and said Fig. 2 being taken on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a section on line at 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a bottom plan view of the valve-actuating slide-bar in the position shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, this figure showing a bottom plan of the lay-beam or batten, the said slide-bar in this figure being shown in the same position on said beam in which it is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of the lav-beam and of said valve-actuating slide-bar, the rockingbar shifter, and a portion of the rock-shaft on which said shifter is fixed, this view showing said slide-bar in its normal position, or in that one in which it does not engage with either valve-stem. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the lay-beam and said slide-bar thereon, and of said roekiugbar shifter, the latter being shown partly in section. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the said sliding bar. Fig. 9 a section of said sliding bar on line 9 9, Fig. 8.

The improvements in looms herein described relate to means for pneumatically operating the shuttle thereof and for controlling and operatingby the movement of the batten the valves which control the supply of air which acts upon pistons which engage with and throw the shuttle, and improved means for operating the heddle-frames of the loom by the movement of the batten and in consonance therewith, and to other details of improvementbelow referred to.

In the drawings, A indicates the frame of the loom.

D is the main driving-shaft hung in suit able bearings on the rear end of the'loomframe, having thereon, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a driving-pulley E, and outside of the latter a common loose pulley, whereby the loom may be driven,'as usual, by the application of a belt to said pulley E, as shown in Fig. 1. A second shaft J is hung in suitable bearings on the loom above and parallel with the said shaft D, and on each end of said shaft J is fixed a crank-gear h.

To the upper part of the frame of the loom are attached two shuttle-boxes B, preferably of cylindrical form, which shuttle-boxes are of sufficient length to permit of the operation of a pistonf in each, which pistons consist of a thick disk of metal or other suitable material properly fitted in the outer end of each shuttle-box to adapt it to be moved toward the inner open end of the box by airpressure acting against one side thereof. A pistoirstop s is arranged in each shuttlebox B, which consists, preferably, of an annular rib extending around the interior of the box, or any other suitable stop may be applied which will limit the motion of said piston when driven against the shuttle, as below described. Metallic springs o are attached to the interior of the shuttle-boxes, (see Figs. 2 and 3,) between which the shuttle runs when thrown into the boX, and whereby it is prevented from rebounding when it strikes and drives the piston backwardly to the position shown in the box at the right in Fig. 2, the shuttle n being there shown in the position in which it lies after being thrown into the shuttle-box and before the next movement of the piston f thereagainst. The said pistonsfare in practice fitted to move rather freely in the shuttle-box s, first, in order that they may obey easily the pneumatic force which drives them against the shuttles, as above referred to, and, secondly, to allow any air-pressure that may exist behind a piston afterit shall have moved against the shuttle and the valve 26 shall have been closed to exhaust itself between the piston and the adjoining wall of the shuttle-box, to the ,end that the rearward movement of the piston shall not be ends of said conduits are connected with twov air-valve bodies each of said valve-bodies being provided with a valve 26, having an upwardly extending spindle 27, one of said valves in Fig.2 being shown open and one shut. Said valve-bodies are provided with the usual stuffing-boxes at their upper ends, throu-ghwhich said valve-spindles pass, and to the upper ends of each of the latter are applied two nuts 30 and 31, the latter ones having their uppermost sides of conical or convex form and serving as set-nuts to retain the nuts 30 in proper position and to prevent them from becoming loose on the spindles. A spring 28 is applied to each valvcspindle between the nut 30 thereon and the stuffing-box nut 29, which spring serves to aid in drawing the valve 26 against the valve-seat in the valve-body-22. The lower ends of the said valve-bodies 22 are connected to a main cornpressed-air conduit 2% by the branch air-pipes 23. Compressed air is supplied to said main conduit 24 from any suitable air-compressor; or, if preferred, an air-compressor may be run with each loom.

The batten 5 of the loom consists, preferably, of a suitable metallic frame, as shown, having applied thereto the usual reed, and said frame is secured to two slide-blocks 46, which, with said batten, have a sliding motion longitudinally in theloom-frame A, the upper side rails thereof being slotted,as shown, and each of said blocks having a rib thereon entering the slots in said rails, as shown in Fig. 2. The requisite reciprocating longitudinal movements of the batten are imparted thereto by means of the connection of each of said slide-blocks 46 with the aforesaid two crankgears h by means of two connecting-rods 6, one end of which has a crank-connection with said gears, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and a pivotal connection by their opposite ends with said slide-blocks 4G.

The warp-beam 3 and the cloth-beam 13 are hung in any suitable manner on the opposite ends of the loom, the warp-yarn 4 being drawn from the warpbeam in the usual manner. A suitable take-up motion is imparted to the cloth-beam through its connection, as below described, with the intermittently-rotating shaft 9, which extends across the loom-frame between the batten and the cloth-beam. Said shaft 9 has fixed thereon two ratchet-wheels 8, one near each end, which are each engaged by a pawl 7, each of which is pivoted to said slide-block 46, outside of the loom-frame, said pawls each restmg upon pins 10, fixed on the side of the loom-frame, which pins cause the pawls to rise up when moving from said ratchet-wheels, and they so hold said pawls until the batten again moves forward. A spring 1.2,attached to each connecting-rod 6, and having one end thereof engaging with a pin projecting from the pawl, as shown, throws the free end of the latter downward into engagement with said ratchet-wheel when the batten moves forward in the loom,the pawl then taking the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and imparting a partial rotation to the shaft 9 with each forward movement of the batten. At the side of one of said ratchetwheels 8 on said shaft 9 (see Fig. 4) is placed a pinion 14, having a frictional engagement with one end of thehub of said ratchet-wheel by means of a tightening-nut and a spring, as shown in said last-named figure, or by any other suitable well-known means. The said pinion ll engages with agear-wheel 15 on the cloth-beam shaft 16 through an intermediate pinion 2?, whereby the cloth-beam is given a suitable rotary take-up motion;

The mechanism which is operated by and in conjunction with the batten 5, whereby the movement of the latter is caused to control and operate the air-valves above referred to, is constructed and operates as follows: The batten 5 has attached to the lower border or section of its frame a valve-actuating slidebar 17. (See Figs. 2 and 5 to 8, inclusive.) Said batten-frame has a central boss ct on its side, through which a longitudinal bar I), fixed between the ends of said slide-bar, passes, and has a sliding motion therein. A spring 0 is located on each side of said boss and has one end abutting thereagainst and the opposite end against said slide-bar. Said springs act to bring said slide-bar to a normally-central position horizontally on the batten-frame. Said slidebar has two pin-channels cc 0: and two camgrooves o 0 in its under side for engagement with pins 18, below described, and has a pending lip 19 at each end for alternate engagement with the stems of the air-valves in the air-conduits, which furnish compressed air to the shuttle-boxes. The said slide-bar is longitudinally slotted, as shown in Figs. 2 and 7, and screws or bolts 29 pass through said slots into the side of the frame of the batten 5, thereby securing the slide-bar thereto. Said slide-bar, as shown in the drawings, consists of two end pieces e e, united by said longitudinal bar I), on which are said pending lips 19 and an intermediate part 21, (see Fig. 8,) secured by screws to said two end pieces; but it is obvious that the slide-bar may be made in one piece, if desired. The said pending lips 19 on the said slide-bar 17 as said bar moves over the upper ends of said valvespindles engage alternately with one and then the other of said spindles, as shown at the left in Fig. 2, thereby driving the Valve 26 downward, to open it, as shown, the valve closing immediately that the lip on the slidebar passes out of contact with the valve spindle. The nuts on said spindles are adjustable toward and from the slide-bar for properengagement therewith. The saidslidcthen forward again.

bar 17 is given a sliding motion, first toward one valve-spindle and then the other, by-the engagement of the slide-bar alternately with one and then with the other of two pins 18 in the rocking-bar shifter 32, more particularly described farther on, the pins so engaging therewith by entering the cam-grooves 0 in said sliding bar while the batten-frame moves backward after having beaten up the weftthread. Fig. 2 shows the position of the sliding bar and one of said pins 18 when the baris about to move out of engagement therewith, and when so disengaged the bar slides to its said normal position, and when the frame of the batten 5 next moves forward that part of said bar in which one of' said pin-channels 00 is formed passes over the uplifted pin 18, and the latter engages slightly with one side of said channel, which is cut at an incline to the direction of movement of the batten-frame, thereby effecting such a sliding movement of the bar 17 as prevents it from engaging with the valve-spindle when it next moves forward. The last-named movement of the sliding bar need be but very slight, and therefore the said pin-channels extend only part way across the under side of said bar, growing more and more shallow from front to rear, and to accommodate said pins 18 in the rocking-bar shifter 32 to this form of channel said pins are made with a collar thereon between the ends thereof, as shown in Fig. 7, and each of said pin-collars enters a chamber in said shifter, the lower end of which has a nut 33 therein. A spring 34: between said nut and pin-collar holds the pin upward and permits it to be crowded downward when the said sliding bar channeled surface passes over its end. The said rocking-bar shifter 32 is fixed on a longitudinally-extending rock-shaft 35, hung in the loom under the frame of the batten 5. Said rock-shaft is actuated by two three armed cam-wheels 36, fixed on said intermittently-rotating ratchet-wheel-carrying shaft 9, said cam-wheels being set in such positions on their said shaft as causes them to act one after the other on the laterally-extending arms 37 on said longitudinally-extending shaft, (see Fig. 4,) thereby imparting a rocking motion to said shaft and to said rocking-bar shifter. The rocking motion of said shaft is intermittent, because it is caused by the forward motion only of the frame of the batten 5, and it rests after being rocked in one direction until said frame moves rearward and allows a shuttle to be thrown, and The said arms 37 have friction sleeves or rolls to on the parts thereof, which are engaged by said cam-wheels.

The above-referred-to improved means for operating the heddle-frames of the loom by the movement of the batten consist of the below-described mechanism.

The heddle'fra'mes 38 and 39 are supported to have the usual vertical movements between two standards 40, secured to the loom-frame,

said standards having on their inner opposite sides suitable grooves in which the ends of said heddle-frames slide. The front one 38 of said heddle-frames is connected with rockshaft 35 by means of an arm 41, fixed by one end to the said shaft and having its opposite end pivotally attached to said front heddleframe by a bolt or screw which passes through a slightly-elongated hole in said arm and enters the lower part of said frame. (See Fig. 2.) By means of the above-described connection of the front heddle-frame 38 with said rockshaft 35 said frameis given the requisite vertical motion to form the shed in the warp. The rear heddle-frame 39 is given the requisite vertical reciprocating motions in directions opposite to those of the front frame by means of pinions 42 between the frames, one at each end thereof, which engage with racks 43 on the frames, as shown in Fig. 3. Said pinions are supported on studs 44, fixed on plates 45, secured to the outer sides of the standards 40, which studs project through said standards and hold the pinions in the position shown between the heddle-frames.

The specific operation of the principal detail parts of the loom is already above described.

The general practical operation of the loom is as follows, it being understood that the main air-conduit 24: is properlysupplied with compressed air under suitable pressure to actuate the pistons fin the shuttle-boxes to throw the shuttle through the shed of the warp from one side of the loom into the shuttie-box of the opposite side. Assuming that the batten 5 is in a position back of the shuttle-boxes and that the shuttle has been thrown from one box into the other, the batten then moves forward and heats up the weft or filling, and in so doing the pawls 7 operate, as aforesaid, to rock the shaft 9 and cause one of the cam-wheels 36 thereon to act upon one of the arms 37 on shaft 35 and rock said shaft, thereby turning upward one arm of the bar-shifter 32 and bringing the pin 18 therein into such position as to cause the sliding bar 17 to be engaged therewith when the batten shall move backward, whereby one of the lips 19 on said sliding bar is caused to be engaged with one of the valve-spindles and open a valve connected therewith, and cause one of the shuttles to bethrown when the batten moves backward over said valve-spindle. The aforesaid rocking movement of the shaft 35 causes at the same time the requisite movement of the two heddle-frames. The batten again moves forward and backward, and through the described instrumentalities the shuttle is caused to be thrown from the opposite side of the loom through the shed of the warp to the other shuttle-box, the said second forward movement of the batten effecting a rocking of the shaft 35 in the opposite direction to the first-described one, and a consequent presentation of the opposite end of the bar-shifter 32 and its pin 18 to the opposite end of the sliding bar, thereby causing the latter to effect the operation of the air-valve and shuttle-piston on the opposite side of the loom to the first-mentioned one. The said rocking of shaft 35 causes the requisite change of position of theheddles, as before.

That we claim as our invention is 1. In a loorn,.the batten thereof, having a longitudinally-reciprocating movement in the frame thereof, and mechanism, substantially as described, for so actuating said batten, shuttle -throwing mechanism consisting of shuttle-boxes arranged on opposite sides of the loom, compressed-air conduits connected with said boxes, and a piston in each of said boxes having a pneumatically-actuated movement therein against the shuttle, combined with an air-valve foreach shuttle-box in said air-conduits, each valve havinga spindle projecting therefrom, a valve-operating slide-bar attached to said batten and alternately engaging said valve-spindles, and mechanism, substantially as described, actuated by said batten for moving said slid e-bar thereon, substantially as set forth.

2. In a loom, the batten thereof, having a longitudinally-reciprocating movement in the frame thereof, and mechanism, substantially as described,for so actuating said batten, shuttlethrowing mechanism consisting of shuttle-boxes arranged on opposite sides of the loom, compressed-air conduits connected with said boxes, a piston in each of said boxes havinga pneumaticallyeactuated movement therein against the shuttle, combined with an air-valve for each sh uttle-box in said air-conduits, each valve having a spindle projecting therefrom, a valve-operating slide-bar havin g cam-grooves therein, attached to said batten and alternately engaging said valve-spindles, an intermittentlyerotating shaft extending across the loom, a pawl-and-ratchet connection, substantially as described, between said shaft and batten, a rock-shaftextending longitudinally in the loom, having laterallyextending arms thereon, two cam-wheels fixed on said intermittently-rotating shaft, having alternate engagement with said arms, and a bar-shifter fixed on said rockshaft, having pins thereon for engagement with the camgrooves of said slide bar, whereby a sliding motion is imparted thereto toward and from each of said valve-spindles, substantially as set forth.

3. In a loom, standards fixed to the frame thereof, between which the heddle frames are, supported and have their movements at right angles to the line of the warp, heddleframes having racks on their inner adjacent sides, and pinions supported on said standards, having engagement with said racks, combined with the batten having a longitudinally-reciprocating movement in the frame of the loom, mechanism, substantially as de- 1 scribed, for so actuating said batten, an infixed on therear end of said last-named shaft,

having its free end pivotally connected with one of said heddle-frames, substantially as set forth.

4. The batten having a longitudinally-reciprocating movement in the frame of the loom, and mechanism, substantially as described, for so actuating the same, the slidebar carrying the springs c 0, having a sliding connection, substantially as described, with l the batten and having pending lips thereon, I and cam-grooves and pin-channels in its lower side, combined with the spindles of the :air-valves, each having a conical-sided nut thereon for engagement with said pending lips, the rocking-bar shifter, having springsupported pins therein for engagement with the slide-bar, a two-armed rock-shaft on which said bar-shifter is fixed, an intermittently-rotating shaft, having two cam-wheels fixed on said last-named shaft having alternate engagement with said arms, and a pawland-ratchct connection, substantially as described, between said intermittently-rotated shaft and the batten, substantially as set forth.

5. The batten having a boss a centrally located on the side of its frame, the slide-bar 17, having a bar I) therein extending through said boss, and springs on said bar (7, acting against the opposite sides of said boss to move the slide-bar to a normally-central position on the batten-frame, combined and operating substantially as set forth.

6. The batten having a sliding connection, substantially as described, with the loomframe, and the shaft 9, having ratchet-wheels fixed thereon, combined with the shaft J, having crank-gears thereon, connecting-rods between said gears and batten, pawls connected to the batten for engagement with said ratchetwheels, springs attached to said connectingrods and engaging with said pawls, and pins on the loom-frame on which said pawls ride, substantially as set forth.

7. In a loom, the batten thereof, having a longitudinally-reciprocating movement in the frame thereof, and mechanism, substantially as described, for so actuating said batten, shuttle-throwing mechanism consisting of shuttle-boxes arranged on opposite sides of the loom, said boxes each having a pistonstop on its inner wall to limit the inward movement of the piston therein, compressedair conduits connected with said boxes, and a piston in each of said boxes having a pneumatically-actuated movement therein against the shuttle, combined with an air valve for each shuttle-box in said air-conduits, each having a spindle projecting therefrom, a conical-sided nut attached to each of said spindles, and a spring applied thereto to I draw the valve to its seat, a valve-operating slide-bar attached to said batten and alternately engaging said valve-spindles, and

mechanism, substantially as described, actuated by said batten, for moving said slide- 10 bar thereon, substantially as set forth.

JAMES F. CRANSTON. JOSEPH H. XVESSON.

Witnesses:

H. A. CHAPIN, G. M. CHAMBERLAIN.

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