US4422012A - Ladder supported ring bar circuit - Google Patents

Ladder supported ring bar circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US4422012A
US4422012A US06/251,009 US25100981A US4422012A US 4422012 A US4422012 A US 4422012A US 25100981 A US25100981 A US 25100981A US 4422012 A US4422012 A US 4422012A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stubs
rings
waveguide
connecting bars
attached
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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US06/251,009
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry G. Kosmahl
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
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Application filed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA filed Critical National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
Priority to US06/251,009 priority Critical patent/US4422012A/en
Assigned to UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION reassignment UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KOSMAHL HENRY G.
Priority to IE2995/81A priority patent/IE52488B1/en
Priority to CA000394100A priority patent/CA1169966A/en
Priority to DE8282710010T priority patent/DE3266743D1/de
Priority to EP82710010A priority patent/EP0062599B1/en
Priority to JP57050274A priority patent/JPS57174830A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4422012A publication Critical patent/US4422012A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
    • H01J23/27—Helix-derived slow-wave structures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers and oscillators and is directed more particularly to submillimeter wave oscillators.
  • TWT traveling wave tube
  • the rings of a slow wave structure for a backward wave oscillator may be on the order of from 0.001 to 0.002 inch in diameter.
  • a high coupling impedance for the slow wave structure is highly desirable for operation in the submillimeter wave length range.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,924 to Hanf discloses a traveling wave tube having a delay line comprised of axially aligned rings supported by members which extend alternately from two facing sides of the waveguide inner walls. The rings are not connected by any axially aligned bars.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,443,146 to Buck discloses a traveling wave tube delay structure comprising a rectangular waveguide having stubs extending inwardly, alternately from a pair of opposing walls. Each stub is provided with an aperture, the apertures being coaxial with the longitudinal center of the waveguide. The metal surrounding each aperture serves as a ring. Longitudinally extending bars interconnect the rings with each bar being at a position on the ring, which position is 180° away from the position of the other bar connected to the ring.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,066,927 to Gross discloses a delay line for a traveling wave tube, particularly for use with millimeter waves.
  • Elongated attenuating members are disposed in the respective cells defined by transverse walls.
  • the attenuating members are matched by a suitable adjustment of matching cylinders or pins in the respective immediate adjacent line cells.
  • the Gross patent does not disclose a conductive path in the direction of wave propagation.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,335,314 to Espinosa et al discloses a ring bar type slow wave circuit.
  • Espinosa shows thick stubs extending perpendicularly from the walls of a waveguide to support rings. The currents in the respective stubs are predominantly transversal or perpendicular to the axis.
  • a slow wave structure for a millimeter wave backward wave oscillator tube.
  • the slow wave structure is comprised of whole rings or half rings disposed in axially alignment in a waveguide.
  • Quarter wave stubs extend from each side of each ring to the walls of the waveguide.
  • Axially extending connecting bars are disposed in every other space between rings adjacent one side of the waveguide while a second set of axially extending bars are disposed in the remaining spaces between rings adjacent the other side of the waveguide.
  • the currents in the bars toward one side of the waveguide will always be in the opposite direction to the currents in the bars adjacent the other side. These currents are relatively high and due to the interaction of the magnetic fields produced result in a high coupling impedance for the slow wave structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a portion of a slow wave structure embodying the invention and as disposed in a waveguide with its upper half removed.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view schematic diagram of a slow wave structure embodying the invention and depicting the current flow paths.
  • FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of an embodiment of the inventive slow wave structure utilizing half rings and shown with the upper half of the waveguide removed.
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment half ring version of the slow wave structure embodying the invention.
  • a slow wave circuit 10 comprising a plurality of rings 11 disposed in axial alignment in a rectangular waveguide 12.
  • the rings 11 are substantially coaxial with the longitudinal center of the waveguide 12.
  • a plurality of stubs 13 extend from one wall of waveguide 12, each stub being attached to a respective one of rings 11.
  • a second plurality of stubs 14 extend inwardly from the opposite wall of the waveguide 12, each stub being attached to a respective one of the plurality of rings 11.
  • the walls from which stubs 13 and 14 extend may be considered as first and second walls, respectively.
  • the distance between the inner surfaces of the first and second walls of the waveguide 12 is approximately one-half the wavelength of the frequency ⁇ o at which it is desired to operate the slow wave structure.
  • the diameter of the rings 11 as indicated by arrow 15 plus the lengths of stubs 13 and 14 as indicated by arrows 16 and 17, respectively, is approximately one-half wavelength.
  • the lengths of stubs 13 and 14 are approximately one-quarter wavelength.
  • ridge 18 In order to remove heat from the rings 11 and stubs 13 and 14 there is provided a longitudinally extending ridge 18 of electrically conducting material having high thermal conductivity.
  • the ridge 18 is attached to a third wall of the waveguide midway between the first and second walls and is preferably copper.
  • the width of ridge member 18 is preferably equal to diameter of the rings 11.
  • spacer member 19 Disposed on top of ridge member 18 and contacting all of the rings 11 is a spacer member 19 made of a high thermal conductivity material which is electrically non-conductive. Diamond is a well-suited material for spacer 19.
  • axially aligned connecting bars 20 are positioned in alternate spaces between rings 11. Each bar 20 connects two rings and is attached thereto adjacent to the points of attachment of stubs 13.
  • connecting bars 21 are positioned between rings 11 in every other space which does not include a connecting bar 20.
  • the connecting bars 21 are attached to rings 11 at points adjacent to the attachment of respective stubs 14.
  • the connecting bars 20 and 21, the stubs 13 and 14 and, also, the rings 11 are all of electrically conductive material having good thermal conductivity.
  • stubs 13, 14 and connecting bars 20, 21 all lie in a common plane which approximately bisects the first and second sidewalls of waveguide 12.
  • a bar 20 and a bar 21 attached to any particular ring 11 are at positions 180° apart on the ring.
  • the rings 11, while shown as circular, may be slightly squashed or egg shaped in which case the major axis lies approximately in the plane of the stubs 13, 14 an the connecting bars 20,21.
  • the slow wave structure of FIG. 1 can be used as a forward wave amplifier at frequencies generally below 100 GH z . However, it can also operate as a backward wave oscillator at frequencies generally greater than 500 GH z . Because oscillators operate at relatively low power, high efficiency is not a critical parameter as it is in amplifiers.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the slow wave structure and waveguide of FIG. 1 with like parts being identified by like numerals.
  • the arrows 22 and 23 illustrate the direction of current flow through connecting bars 20 and 21, respectively, at a given instant of time.
  • connecting bars 20 Because of the physical relationship and positioning of connecting bars 20 with respect to stubs 13, a relatively strong current flow in an axial direction can be achieved. Likewise, a strong current flow in connecting bars 21 can be achieved, and at any instant of time, flows in the opposite direction to the axial current in connecting bars 20.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. 1 except that rings 11 are only half rings of approximately 180° of arc.
  • the slow wave structure 10 of FIG. 3 can be constructed with the distance between the points of attachment of the stubs 13 and the stubs 14 to the rings 11 as small as 0.001 to 0.002 inch. With such dimensions, this slow wave structure can be used in a backward wave oscillator at frequencies in the range of from about 500 to 2000 GHz.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a slight modification of the half ring, slow wave structure shown in FIG. 3 and parts corresponding to those in FIG. 3 are identified by like numerals.
  • numeral 25 identifies the longitudinal center of the waveguide 12.
  • Numeral 24 identifies the outline of a hollow electron beam of the type used in oscillators and amplifiers such as traveling wave tubes.
  • one stub 13 extending from a first wall of the waveguide and one stud 14 extending from a second wall of the waveguide together with a half circle 11 are formed of a single flat ribbon of electrically conductive material.
  • Half circle 11, as shown, is approximately one-half of a squashed circle which can be easily formed in a flat ribbon of suitable metal.
  • the half ring portions may be formed in flat metal ribbons which may be positioned relatively easily along the waveguide.
  • the connecting bars 20 and 21 are not essential when the structure is incorporated into a backward wave oscillator. However, the use of bars 20 and 21 will advantageously increase the coupling impedance.
  • the slow wave circuit of FIG. 1 may be made, if desired, from flat ribbons with bowed portions as shown in FIG. 4. Two metal ribbons would be used to form each ring, the ribbons being positioned in back-to-back relationship.

Landscapes

  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US06/251,009 1981-04-03 1981-04-03 Ladder supported ring bar circuit Expired - Fee Related US4422012A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/251,009 US4422012A (en) 1981-04-03 1981-04-03 Ladder supported ring bar circuit
IE2995/81A IE52488B1 (en) 1981-04-03 1981-12-18 Slow wave structure for a backward wave oscillator tube
CA000394100A CA1169966A (en) 1981-04-03 1982-01-13 Ladder supported ring bar circuit
DE8282710010T DE3266743D1 (en) 1981-04-03 1982-03-02 Slow wave structure for a backward wave oscillator tube
EP82710010A EP0062599B1 (en) 1981-04-03 1982-03-02 Slow wave structure for a backward wave oscillator tube
JP57050274A JPS57174830A (en) 1981-04-03 1982-03-30 Low speed wave unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/251,009 US4422012A (en) 1981-04-03 1981-04-03 Ladder supported ring bar circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4422012A true US4422012A (en) 1983-12-20

Family

ID=22950096

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/251,009 Expired - Fee Related US4422012A (en) 1981-04-03 1981-04-03 Ladder supported ring bar circuit

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4422012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0062599B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS57174830A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1169966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3266743D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IE (1) IE52488B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4459562A (en) * 1982-10-13 1984-07-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Dielectric based submillimeter backward wave oscillator circuit
US4647816A (en) * 1984-02-28 1987-03-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Travelling-wave tube and method for the manufacture thereof
US6747412B2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2004-06-08 Bernard K. Vancil Traveling wave tube and method of manufacture
US20130112477A1 (en) * 2010-07-15 2013-05-09 Martin Lorenz Coaxial conductor structure
US8476830B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2013-07-02 Ruey-Jen Hwu Coupled cavity traveling wave tube
CN111839499A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2020-10-30 韦伯斯特生物官能(以色列)有限公司 具有高密度电极阵列的标测网格
CN113053707A (zh) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-29 电子科技大学 利用等离子体阴极电子枪的双频相对论返波管

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2853642A (en) * 1955-02-23 1958-09-23 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube
US3142777A (en) * 1963-07-15 1964-07-28 Varian Associates Traveling wave tubes having helix derived slow-wave circuits with tapered support stubs and loading means
US3335314A (en) * 1963-09-04 1967-08-08 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device having oscillation suppression means
US3353121A (en) * 1962-09-04 1967-11-14 Csf Delay line
US3505616A (en) * 1965-10-15 1970-04-07 Thomson Houston Cie Franc Electromagnetic delay line for a travelling wave tube
US3610999A (en) * 1970-02-05 1971-10-05 Varian Associates Slow wave circuit and method of fabricating same
US3693038A (en) * 1971-05-03 1972-09-19 Us Navy Traveling wave tube (twt) oscillation prevention device
US4093892A (en) * 1967-01-16 1978-06-06 Varian Associates, Inc. Ring-and-bar slow wave circuits employing ceramic supports at the bars
US4263532A (en) * 1978-12-22 1981-04-21 Thomson-Csf Microwave delay line

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3443146A (en) * 1966-02-16 1969-05-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Conductive elements interconnecting adjacent members of the delay structure in a traveling wave tube
US3993924A (en) * 1974-02-14 1976-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Delay line for traveling wave tubes
JPS5164862A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-12-03 1976-06-04 Nippon Electric Co
DE2525845C3 (de) * 1975-06-10 1978-06-22 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Breitbandig reflexionsarm bedämpfte Verzögerungsleitung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2853642A (en) * 1955-02-23 1958-09-23 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube
US3353121A (en) * 1962-09-04 1967-11-14 Csf Delay line
US3142777A (en) * 1963-07-15 1964-07-28 Varian Associates Traveling wave tubes having helix derived slow-wave circuits with tapered support stubs and loading means
US3335314A (en) * 1963-09-04 1967-08-08 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device having oscillation suppression means
US3505616A (en) * 1965-10-15 1970-04-07 Thomson Houston Cie Franc Electromagnetic delay line for a travelling wave tube
US4093892A (en) * 1967-01-16 1978-06-06 Varian Associates, Inc. Ring-and-bar slow wave circuits employing ceramic supports at the bars
US3610999A (en) * 1970-02-05 1971-10-05 Varian Associates Slow wave circuit and method of fabricating same
US3693038A (en) * 1971-05-03 1972-09-19 Us Navy Traveling wave tube (twt) oscillation prevention device
US4263532A (en) * 1978-12-22 1981-04-21 Thomson-Csf Microwave delay line

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4459562A (en) * 1982-10-13 1984-07-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Dielectric based submillimeter backward wave oscillator circuit
US4647816A (en) * 1984-02-28 1987-03-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Travelling-wave tube and method for the manufacture thereof
US6747412B2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2004-06-08 Bernard K. Vancil Traveling wave tube and method of manufacture
US20130112477A1 (en) * 2010-07-15 2013-05-09 Martin Lorenz Coaxial conductor structure
US9312051B2 (en) * 2010-07-15 2016-04-12 Spinner Gmbh Coaxial conductor structure
US8476830B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2013-07-02 Ruey-Jen Hwu Coupled cavity traveling wave tube
CN111839499A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2020-10-30 韦伯斯特生物官能(以色列)有限公司 具有高密度电极阵列的标测网格
CN113053707A (zh) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-29 电子科技大学 利用等离子体阴极电子枪的双频相对论返波管
CN113053707B (zh) * 2021-03-18 2022-07-22 电子科技大学 利用等离子体阴极电子枪的双频相对论返波管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IE812995L (en) 1982-10-03
EP0062599A3 (en) 1982-12-08
EP0062599A2 (en) 1982-10-13
CA1169966A (en) 1984-06-26
IE52488B1 (en) 1987-11-11
JPS6341181B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-08-16
DE3266743D1 (en) 1985-11-14
JPS57174830A (en) 1982-10-27
EP0062599B1 (en) 1985-10-09

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